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Biomedical subjects

J B Miller

Publications and source records attributed to J B Miller.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Inequality and women's mental health: an overview.

Complex processes of sex bias and sex-role stereotyping continue to detract from the quality of mental health services to both sexes, but particularly to women because of their disadvantaged status. Understanding how such processes can simultaneously create barriers to service access and facilitate inappropriate treatment is essential to ensuring quality mental health services. Ameliorating the problems of women as providers and consumers in the mental health delivery system will require a sophisticated understanding of the nature of those problems and a firm commitment to creative solutions. The ethical mandate to address the institutional structures of inequality extends to all persons who are part of the mental health delivery system.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1980

Intraocular carbon dioxide laser photosurgery.

Intraocular carbon dioxide laser has been used for photocautery and photo-incision as an adjunct to vitrectomy. This utilizes a new fluid-tissue interface application for the 10.6 micrometer wavelength infrared radiation. The use of an intraocular probe with an infrared transmitting window through a pars plana incision allows the placement of infrared energy in a fluid medium. The results of animal experimentation and of preliminary clinical trials in human patients are reported. The carbon dioxide laser appears to be a safe and reliable means of intraocular photocautery and photoincision.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Serum prolactin in organic and psychogenic impotence.

Elevated levels of serum prolactin in patients with pituitary tumors have been associated with hypogonadism, frequently manifested in men as impotence and/or loss of libido. The purpose of our study was to test the hypothesis that psychogenic and/or organic impotence may be a manifestation of a relative hyperprolactinemic state. We studied 30 men with the known diagnosis of impotence: 17 organic and 13 psychogenic. There were 11 normal, sexually active men used as controls. Serum prolactins were determined with the radioimmunoassay technique. There was no significant differences in serum prolactin levels among control, organic impotent and psychogenic impotent groups. Impotence does not seem to be related to hyperprolactinemia in men in the absence of pituitary disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Intraocular carbon dioxide laser photocautery.

The indications and contraindications for the use of carbon dioxide laser photocautery at the time of vitrectomy have been reviewed. Indications include posterior retinal tears either in flat or elevated sensory retina; elevated fibrovascular fronds on the optic nerve or elsewhere; flat neovascularization elsewhere, bleeding rubeotic iris vessels. It is also used as a means of panretinal endophotocoagulation. Contraindications include flat disc neovascularization and areas within one disc diameter of the macula and nerve. The advantages and disadvantages of the 10.6 micrometer infrared wavelength of carbon dioxide laser photocautery are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Protonmotive force and bacterial sensing.

The role of the proton gradient and external pH in the motility and chemotaxis of Bacillus subtilis was investigated. Presence of a substantial proton gradient is not necessary for motility or chemotaxis, as long as the electrical potential is sufficient to maintain motility. Changes in the proton gradient do, however, lead to changes in swimming behavior, and these changes are mediated by two processes. One is sensitive to external pH and probably operates through a pH receptor. The second is sensitive to changes in the proton gradient. When the level of the protonmotive force is high enough to maintain motiligy, changes in the components of the protonmotive force are sensed by the bacteria and lead to behavioral changes, but changes in the protonmotive force are not necessary for chemotaxis.

Alanine↗
PubMed1980

Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate with leucovorin rescue, and cytarabine (COMLA) combination sequential chemotherapy for advanced diffuse histiocytic lymphoma.

A program of combination sequential chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate with leucovorin rescue, and cytarabine (COMLA) was administered to 42 previously untreated patients with advanced diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. Twenty-three patients achieved a complete remission as determined by strict clinical restaging criteria. The observed median duration of survival for the complete responders is longer than 33 months. Eight patients achieved a partial response, with a median survival longer than 21 months. Eleven patients showed no response, with a median survival of 5 months. Toxicity was acceptable. None of the responders have shown central nervous system relapse. There was no difference in response rates between patients with stage III or IV lymphoma or between asymptomatic or symptomatic patients. The COMLA program produces a high rate of complete and durable remissions and should be considered as an initial form of management of patients with advanced diffuse histiocytic lymphoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Purification and characterization of a glycopeptide derived from Phaseolus vulgaris leukoagglutinating phytohemagglutinin.

A glycopeptide obtained from tryptic digestion of citraconylated leukoagglutinating (L-subunit) phytohemagglutinin was isolated and purified. The composition of its ten amino acid and seven hexose residues, when compared to a previous analysis of the NH2-terminal amino acid sequence, indicated that the glycopeptide was derived from residues 11 through 20, with the oligosaccharide unit linked N-glycosidically to asparagine at the twelfth position. Structural studies involving a combination of alpha-mannosidase digestion, periodate oxidation, and permethylation, in conjunction with computerized mass-spectrometric and masschromatographic techniques, suggested a branched sequence of five mannose and two glucosamine residues similar to that found in many mammalian glycoproteins.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1979

Intraocular carbon dioxide laser photocautery. II. Preliminary report of clinical trials.

Carbon dioxide laser photocautery was used successfully intraocularly in human patients to seal fibrovascular fronds and retinal tears at the time of vitrectomy. Closure of rubeotic vessels in the iris was demonstrated histologically. The 10.6-microgram infrared radiation was delivered to the intraocular treatment site by means of 1.5-mm-diameter photocautery probe containing a 1.0-mm-diameter lumen closed at the end with an infrared transmitting window. Treatment was localized to the tissue adjacent to the window. Typical energy dosage was 0.4 W for 2 to 4 s duration. These early clinical trials were carried out under the guidelines established by the Food and Drug Administration; informed consent clearly outlined the experimental nature of these studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Intraocular carbon dioxide laser photocautery. I. Animal experimentation.

Intraocular carbon dioxide laser photocautery is used to produce localized closure of vascular channels and chorioretinal adhesion in the albino rabbit. The retinal lesion is sharply demarcated because of the high tissue absorption of CO2 laser radiation. Varying degrees of chorioretinal adhesion can be achieved. The CO2 laser photocautery technique may provide a suitable method of closing vessels and sealing retinal tears at the time of vitrectomy. Accurate placement of the cautery tip on the target area can be accomplished under stereoscopic magnified viewing with the operating microscope and contact lens. Electrical shock hazard is completely eliminated with the CO2 laser energy modality.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Pathologic stage I and II Hodgkin's disease, 1968--1975: relapse and results of retreatment.

Sixty-seven previously untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease, pathologic stages I and II, seen during a 7-year period were evaluted with respect to initial staging and treatment, as well as relapse and retreatment results. The initial treatment consisted of radiation therapy (RT) to an involved field (IF) or an extended field (EF) for patients with stages IA and IIA, or RT and, in recent cases, combination chemotherapy [cyclophosphamide, Oncovin, procarbazine, and prednisone (COPP)] for patients with stages IB and IIB. Nineteen of the 67 patients relapsed (28%), including 11 of 56 patients with stages IA and IIA (20%) and 8 of 11 patients with stages IB and IIB (73%). Seventeen of the 19 relapses occurred within 24 months after completion of the initial therapy (89%). The relapse-free survival at 5 years was 75% for the A patients and 25% for the B patients. The actuarial survival of stage IA and stage IIA patients at 5 years was 91%; there was no significant difference between patients treated initially with either IF or EF. The actuarial survival at 5 years for the patients with stages IB and IIB was 88%, as most responded to a second program of induction therapy. No correlation could be found between the pattern of relapse and the initial pathologic stage or the mode of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Estrogen action in the corpus luteum.

The luteotropic action of estradiol has been studied in the rabbit and rat, and it is proposed that in both species, estradiol may be the "ultimate" luteotropic hormone. The acute dependence of the rabbit corpus luteum upon estradiol is illustrated by the rapid decline in serum progesterone after withdrawal of estradiol (removal of Silastic implant containing 17 beta-estradiol) and by the restoration of serum progesterone to normal values when the estradiol implant is replaced 24 hours later. The identification and characterization of a cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen receptor in the rabbit corpus luteum and the translocation of the cytoplasmic receptor suggest that estradiol may be acting as it does in other estrogen target tissues. The administration of LH antiserum in pregnant rats causes rapid decreases in luteal estradiol and serum progesterone concentrations, which can be prevented by the administration of low doses of testosterone. This luteotropic effect of testosterone is attributed to an action of estradiol which is formed within the corpus luteum via the luteal aromatase. The rabbit corpus luteum, which has no aromatase, is totally dependent upon estradiol produced by the ovarian follicles and LH is essential to maintain follicular estradiol synthesis. The rat corpus luteum, which is rich in aromatase activity, may produce its own estrogen from an androgen precursor synthesized within the luteal tissue. The essential role of LH may be the stimulation of the synthesis of androgen precursor. As a working hypothesis it is proposed that in these two species LH is necessary to stimulate the synthesis of estradiol which then acts to sustain progesterone secretion.

20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone↗