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Biomedical subjects

J B Murphy

Publications and source records attributed to J B Murphy.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The Pitt-UNOS Liver Transplant Registry.

Since the establishment of the scientific LTR, the frequency of OLTX has been increasing. Between 1988 and 1991, the number of procedures performed on pediatric patients increased by 28.2%, and among adult patients OLTX increased 84.8%. During this same period, the number of transplant centers performing OLTX rose 62.5% for children, and 54.7% for adult recipients. In 1991 there was a larger proportion of recipients under 1 year of age than in previous years. The effect was to lower the median age at transplantation from over 2 to between 1 and 2. In pediatric recipients of initial transplantation in 1991, compared with earlier recipients, the functional status at time of liver transplantation was improved. Fewer children were in the ICU while awaiting transplantation, and more were able to wait at home. Multiorgan transplantations in pediatric patients remained relatively rare, but a larger portion of these procedures in 1991 than was seen previously included the small intestine. Biliary atresia remained the most common indication for liver transplantation among children, accounting for over 55% of all OLTX procedures in 1991. There was a significant change in the racial distribution among adult recipients. Compared with previous years, there were greater proportions of Hispanic and Asian recipients in 1991. Adult recipients were older in 1991 than previously, and the median age increased from 46 to 49. As with pediatric recipients, adult recipients had better functional status in 1991 than earlier recipients. The increase in positive CMV serology was likely to be a function of older age. Among multiorgan recipients, the combination of liver and pancreas only was much less common in 1991 than previously. As was found previously (1), alcoholic cirrhosis continued to be the most common reason for OLTX, with the proportion of patients diagnosed with this condition increasing in 1991. Twice as many patients with cystic fibrosis were recipients in 1991 as in the prior 3 years. There were decreases in the proportion of patients receiving OLTX due to fulminant liver failure, metabolic disease, and malignant neoplasms. The cumulative probability of surviving (without retransplantation) 4 years after initial transplantation was 0.74 (0.61) for pediatric recipients. Univariate (unadjusted) analyses detected significant differences in survival for age (the youngest recipients had the worst survival), UNOS description (poorer functional status just prior to transplantation led to poorer survival), and primary liver disease (survival was worst for recipients transplanted due to fulminant liver failure, and best for patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Fetal alcohol syndrome.

A case of fetal alcohol syndrome in an 8-month-old infant is presented. Several of the maxillofacial anomalies associated with this syndrome were present. In addition, a large dentigerous cyst was found, a rare lesion occurring with a deciduous tooth and never before reported in association with fetal alcohol syndrome.

Dentigerous Cyst↗
PubMed1979

Pyrimidine dimer excision in Escherichia coli strains deficient in exonucleases V and VII and in the 5' leads to 3' exonuclease of DNA polymerase I.

An isogenic series of Escherichia coli strains deficient in various combinations of three 5' leads to 3' exonucleases (exonuclease V, exonuclease VII, and the 5' leads to 3' exonuclease of DNA polymerase I) was constructed and examined for the ability to excise pyrimidine dimers after UV irradiation. Although the recB and recC mutations (deficient in exonuclease V) proved to be incompatible with the polA(Ex) mutation (deficient in the 5' leads to 3' exonuclease of DNA polymerase I), it was possible to reduce the level of the recB,C exonuclease by the use of temperature-sensitive recB270 recC271 mutants. It was found that, by employing strains deficient in exonuclease V, postirradiation DNA degradation could be reduced and dimer excision measurements could be facilitated. Mutants deficient in exonuclease V were found to excise dimers at a rate comparable to that of the wild type. Mutants deficient in exonuclease V and the 5' leads to 3' exonuclease of DNA polymerase I are slightly slower than the wild type at removing dimers accumulated after doses in excess of 40 J/m2. However, although strains with reduced levels of exonuclease VII excised dimers at the same rate as the wild type, the addition of an exonuclease VII deficiency to a strain with reduced levels of exonuclease V and the 5' leads to 3' exonuclease of DNA polymerase I caused a marked decrease in the rate and extent of dimer excision. These observations support previous indications that the 5' leads to 3' exonuclease of DNA polymerase I is important in dimer removal and also suggest a role for exonuclease VII in the excision repair process.

DNA Polymerase I↗
PubMed1979

Orientation of the guanine operon of Escherichia coli K-12 by utilizing strains containing guaB-xse and guaB-upp deletions.

Temperature induction of an Escherichia coli strains with lambda cI1857 integrated in the guaB gene has been used to produce strains containing chromosomal deletions extending into the xse and upp genes. By utilizing strains containing these deletions, it has been possible to order the genes in the guanine operon with respect to the xseA and upp genes. The order of the genes in this region is glyA-hisS-xseA-guaO-guaB-guaA-purG-upp-purC.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1978

Osteitis deformans. Report of a long-standing case with extensive oral involvement.

Presented is a case of osteitis deformans (Paget's disease of bone) with a 38-year history after diagnosis. The patient had nearly the entire spectrum of symptoms that can result from widespread involvement of the skeletal system with this disease. Diffuse involvement of the maxilla and mandible resulted in postextraction complications which are common in Paget's disease of the bone.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

The effect of dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) on dimethylbenzathracene (DMBA) carcinogenesis on hamster buccal pouch.

DNCB is an antigen that stimulates the cell-mediated response in a sensitized host. The purpose of this study was to define the effect DNCB would have on a standard model system for oral carcinogenesis, theorizing that tumorgenesis would be delayed or inhibited. Fifty-six Syrian hamsters were divided into four groups. In group A (DNCB/DMBA), the right buccal pouch of twenty animals was treated with 2% DNCB in orabase, twice a week, and 0.5% DMBA, three times a week, for 10 weeks. In group B, twenty animals received DMBA only. In group C, six animals received DMBA in Orabase. In group D, ten animals received DNCB in Orabase only. The animals were killed at 6, 12, 16, and 20 weeks. The results indicate that there were no differences in the latent period or in the histologic characteristics of the epidermoid carcinomas that developed. However, there was sensitization of the buccal pouch in pouches painted with DNCB, in that gross and histologic evidence of a delayed sensitivity reaction was demonstrated.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1978

The influence of retrograde contrast medium on urinary cytodiagnosis: a preliminary report.

It has been recommended that before retrograde brushing of upper urinary tract lesions to diagnose malignancy the contrast medium should be washed away with saline because of possible cellular distortion. There were 21 paired specimens from 19 patients submitted for urinary cytodiagnosis. One specimen was a contrast medium wash, similar in pH and osmolality to urine, and the other a saline wash. Cellular detail was adequate for cytodiagnosis in 20 of the 21 contrast medium specimens. Of 7 specimens from patients with malignancy 3 were diagnosed correctly as malignant, 1 was classified as suspicious and 3 were falsely negative in the contrast wash group. Of the 3 falsely negative diagnoses 2 were changed to malignant when the paired saline wash specimens were examined. Urologists should not discard the contrast medium specimen prior to retrograde brushing but should send it along with a saline wash specimen for cytodiagnosis because the discarded contrast material and irrigant may have diagnostic cells.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1978

The management of drug induced gingival hyperplasia in mentally retarded patients with hemophilia: a report of two cases.

Two cases of hemophilia in severely mentally retarded patients with drug-induced gingival hyperplasia are presented. The method of management in each case is described. A conservative approach is recommended in which tissue removals and only selected extractions are performed. It is also suggested that the sequela of dilantin hyperplasia be considered when dilantin is used in patients with hemophilia or severely mentally retarded patients whose oral hygiene may be difficult to maintain. If feasible, as in the first case reported, discontinuance of the drug should be considered. In case 2 the patient is presently being weaned from dilantin therapy. It should be understood that the authors are concerned with the immediate clinical management of drug-induced gingival hyperplasia in mentally-retarded patients with hemophilia. Although this method of management has proved successful in the hands of the authors, we do not have data to show that it is the best form of treatment for these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Dens in dente: an unusual sequela. Abbreviated case report.

Dens in dente is the result of an invagination of the enamel organ into the developing dental papilla. The full pathologic potential of this lesion is often not fully appreciated. A case is reported in which a cyst resulting from a dens in dente obliterated the maxillary sinus and necessitated root canal therapy and apicoectomies in four adjacent teeth.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

PTA deficiency (factor XI deficiency). Report of a case.

A case of a relatively rare coagulopathy has been presented. The mode of inheritance and the incidence of the disease have been discussed. Methods of screening, diagnosis, and treatment of PTA deficiency have been suggested. We have concluded that if a coagulation screen for patients about to undergo oral surgery in a hospital is contemplated, either a partial thromboplastin time or a thromboplastin generation time should be included.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

A survey of female patients in Carstairs State Hospital.

The characteristics of the female population in Carstairs State Hospital are described. The patients were predominantly young, single and physically fit, with a history of significantly more previous psychiatric admissions than their male counterparts. Thwy showed a greater degree of violence towards both themselves and others before their admission to Carstairs; and their length of stay was much shorter. One third of the patients have an IQ of less than 70.

Adolescent↗