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Biomedical subjects

J B Murray

Publications and source records attributed to J B Murray.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Recombinant interleukin-2 treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: effect on natural cytotoxicity.

Natural cytotoxicity (natural killer, NK, and lymphokine-activated killer, LAK, activity) was documented in 12 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, both before and after a 5-day course of continuous therapy with intravenous recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2). Treatment induced a substantial increase in circulating CD56+ lymphocytes (pretreatment: 12.1 +/- 6.9%, mean +/- SD; posttreatment: 39.2 +/- 6.9%. Maximal NK cell activity was induced by treatment with rIL-2 but only suboptimal augmentation of LAK cell cytotoxicity was obtained. This study indicates that although continuous infusion of rIL-2 does have a significant effect on natural cytotoxicity, this is suboptimal and further studies are necessary to define the most efficacious immunity-enhancing regimens of therapy, thereby hopefully improving clinical outcome of rIL-2 treatment.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1992

Hyperdense renal cyst due to prolonged retention of iodinated contrast material: case report.

A case of a hyperdense renal cortical cyst resulting from cyst puncture and opacification 28 months previously is reported. Prolonged retention of water-soluble iodinated contrast material is an unusual cause of a hyperdense renal cyst, which has not previously been described. The findings on serial computed tomography (CT) and chemical analysis are presented and discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Kleptomania: a review of the research.

Research on kleptomania is limited. Earlier views and recent reports of treatment are reviewed in this article. More study is needed to delineate this impulse-control disorder.

Child of Impaired Parents↗
PubMed1992

Posttraumatic stress disorder: a review.

In this article, I have reviewed posttraumatic stress disorder with Vietnam veterans, soldiers in other wars, and in victims of natural and civilian disasters. A discussion of measurement and therapy approaches is included.

Combat Disorders↗
PubMed1991

Psychophysiological aspects of nightmares, night terrors, and sleepwalking.

Monitoring sleep through electroencephalography and electroculography has identified the different sleep stages in which nightmares, night terrors, and sleepwalking occur. Questionnaire surveys have supplemented the findings of case studies of these sleep disorders. Neurotransmitters operative during these sleep disorders have enlarged the knowledge of the psychophysiological dimensions especially of nightmares.

Arousal↗
PubMed1991

Psychoendocrinological aspects of affective disorders.

Psychoendocrinological studies have opened a new approach to understanding affective disorders. In this study, the links of affective illnesses to changes in endocrine secretions--particularly adrenal, gonadal, growth, pineal, thyroidal, and prolactin--were reviewed with the object of adding to the number of depressed whose symptoms can be relieved.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1991

Nicotine as a psychoactive drug.

Nicotine is a paradoxical drug in that it both stimulates and depresses functions. It affects the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, the cardiovascular, the skeletal, and the gastrointestinal systems. Its psychoactive effects and drug dependency potential as well as some therapeutic approaches to smoking cessation have been reviewed here. More research information is needed for professionals working with those who want to quit smoking.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

New applications of lithium therapy.

Several placebo-controlled double-blind studies have indicated that lithium sometimes augments antidepressants, converting nonresponding patients to responders. Lithium therapy has also benefitted some schizoaffective patients and some alcoholics. Side effects are minimal. Mechanisms involved in lithium's effectiveness have not yet been discovered.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1990

Diazepam (Valium): its dependency liability.

Reports of the withdrawal syndrome following discontinuation of diazepam and drug dependence fears have contributed to diazepam's displacement as the most popular anxiolytic agent. Reports of the withdrawal syndrome, the factors involved in withdrawal, and the remedies proposed for diazepam withdrawal symptoms are reviewed.

Arousal↗
PubMed1990

Grouping students for instruction: effects of learning style on achievement and attitudes.

The present study examined the effects of matching and mismatching American middle-school students with a preference for learning alone or learning with peers with selected instructional treatments in order to determine the impact upon their attitudes and achievement in social studies. Analysis revealed that the learning-alone preference performed significantly better in the learning-alone condition and that the learning-with-peers preference performed significantly better in the learning-with-peers condition. However, no-preference students also performed significantly better in the learning-alone condition than with peers. In addition, data revealed that the learning-alone and the learning-with-peers students had significantly more positive attitudes when matched with their preferred learning style; the nopreference students had more positive attitudes in the learning-alone condition.

Achievement↗
PubMed1989

Neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenics.

According to Crow's postulated positive-negative distinction, negative symptoms of schizophrenia are less responsive to neuroleptic drugs. Not all research evidence supports that expectation, however, so that neuroleptics need not be withheld from any schizophrenic patients. Other aspects of Crow's hypothesized distinction have indicated possible promising results, but more research is required.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1989

Psychologists and alcoholic women.

Alcoholism among women often has been treated using a model based on research with alcoholic men. Women react differently to alcohol than men both physiologically and psychologically and their drinking patterns are different from men's. Treatment facilities for alcoholism have not been as available for women as for men and treatment must be individualized for the differences between men and women problem drinkers and for the differences among alcoholic women.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1989

Geophysical variables and behavior: LVII. Seasonal affective disorder and phototherapy.

Seasonal affective disorder, depressive symptoms that recur in fall and winter and abate in spring-summer, for many patients in the United States and Europe, have been alleviated by exposure to bright, full spectrum light for several hours daily (phototherapy). The characteristics of these patients, the procedures used, the theoretical explanations of the mechanisms, and the potential of phototherapy are reviewed.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1989

Psychologists and children of alcoholic parents.

Clinical evidence has pictured children of alcoholic parents as vulnerable physically, emotionally, socially, academically, and at risk for alcoholism. Review of research indicated that some of these clinical insights have been validated, but much more is needed to fill out an accurate picture for psychologists who will be asked to work with them.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Alcoholism: etiologies proposed and therapeutic approaches tried.

Alcohol, probably the most popular mood-altering drug, has frightening consequences when abused. Genetic factors and sociocultural influences contribute to alcoholic behavior. Study of endocrines, neurotransmitters, and neuropeptides may reveal biological markers to help identify those at risk for alcoholism. Drinking patterns are often based on the expectation of alcohol's mood-altering quality. The focus of treatment has expanded to include not only drinking behavior but also emotional, social, and vocational adjustment. Controlled drinking has proved effective for some, so that complete abstinence is no longer the sole goal of therapy. Behavioral, martial, group and individual, outpatient and inpatient therapy, and drugs as adjuncts, all help some alcoholics, but none is a cure for all. Answers still lag behind questions but researchers have registered some advances that challenge therapists to enlarge therapeutic approaches to fit the multifaceted picture of alcoholism.

Alcoholism↗