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Biomedical subjects

J B Olsen

Publications and source records attributed to J B Olsen.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Treatment of ureteric colic. Intravenous versus rectal administration of indomethacin.

A randomised multicentre clinical trial was undertaken to compare the effect on pain of indomethacin administered either intravenously or rectally to 116 patients with ureteric colic. Adverse reactions were also assessed. Of the patients receiving the intravenous injection, 48/53 (91%) achieved good pain relief (i.e. no supplementary analgesia was required) 30 min after administration, compared with 46/63 (73%) receiving the enema. Significantly more side effects occurred in the group treated intravenously. It was concluded that indomethacin administered as an enema was less effective than the intravenous form, but it should be regarded as a good alternative in the treatment of ureteric colic.

Administration, Rectal↗
PubMed1990

Open-heart surgery in Jehovah's Witnesses.

During a 7-year period, 11 adult members of the religious sect Jehovah's Witnesses underwent cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation. No homologous blood transfusions were given. Blood-conserving procedures were employed, viz. initial collection of autologous blood, haemofiltration or processing (Cell Saver) of blood collected during extracorporeal circulation and reinfusion of shed mediastinal blood. The total perioperative blood loss averaged 1080 ml (15 ml/kg body weight), equalling 19% of total body blood volume. The mean haemoglobin on discharge from hospital was 11.0 g/100 ml. There was no perioperative mortality. Postoperative pulmonary function was good and there was no serious morbidity. Jehovah's witnesses with serious, surgery-necessitating heart disease can be offered operation comprising recognized blood-conserving procedures.

Blood Loss, Surgical↗
PubMed1989

[Ultrasound examination of the scrotum].

Eighty-five patients who underwent ultrasound examination of the scrotum for scrotal disorders were reviewed. The predictive value of a positive test after ultrasound was better than after clinical examinations in almost every scrotal disease. Forty-five patients underwent operations, and six had malignant tumours of the testicle. Two of these were discovered by ultrasonography, although there were no suspicion of malignancy on clinical examination. Among the non-operated patients, nine patients had epididymitis, but four of these were not diagnosed by ultrasound. Ultrasound examination of the scrotum is recommended in patients presenting with scrotal symptoms.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Electrocoagulation as radical treatment of anorectal cancer].

During a 17 year period, 19 patients with ano-rectal cancers were treated radically by electrocoagulation. Ten patients (52%) were treated successfully with electrocoagulation as the only treatment. The method is recommended as an alternative to radical surgery in carefully selected patients. The patients should be followed up at regular intervals. No serious complications occurred.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Ureterorenoscopy in the management of renal and ureteric calculi.

A total of 172 ureterorenoscopies were performed in 112 patients with 131 ureteric and renal calculi. The success rates for retrieval were 65, 59 and 79% in the upper, middle and lower third of the ureter, respectively. 32% of renal calculi were removed by ureterorenoscopy. By combined endourological techniques 89% of all stones were removed. Few complications occurred, and no late sequelae were recorded. It is concluded that ureterorenoscopic stone retrieval is an efficient and safe procedure, especially for lower ureteric stones. In the hand of a trained endourologist it might be attempted for upper ureteric calculi as well, and for certain renal stones in selected patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Ureteroscopic stone manipulation in the upper third of ureter and the pelvicaliceal system.

During the period of January 1984 to March 1987, a total of 15 patients with upper third ureteric calculi and 115 patients with renal calculi were treated by percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), transurethral ureteroscopy (TUU) or open surgery. In all patients, endoscopic techniques were the primary modalities of therapy. In 15 patients with upper third ureteric calculi and in 22 patients with 27 calculi in the pelvicaliceal system (five had bilateral calculi), TUU was carried out. The success rate was 67% for calculi in the upper third of ureter and 44% for calculi in the pelvicaliceal system. No persistent strictures or other serious complications were encountered. We conclude, that TUU, in experienced hands, could be considered for proximal ureteric calculi and for certain renal calculi, especially in poor risk patients and patients with only one kidney.

Endoscopy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Functional and user requirements for IMACS.

An Image Management, Archiving and Communication System (IMACS) should integrate all imaging modalities in a diagnostic radiology department. In order to obtain this integration, manufacturers of diagnostic imaging modalities must follow the established standards for communication protocols and image formats. To gain acceptance, IMACS must result in one or more of the following: cost savings, improved efficiency or added diagnostic information. The increased possibilities for image processing should result in a reduced number of rejects and an improved and more uniform image quality. The IMACS should be interconnectable with a range of different Hospital Information Systems (HIS) and Radiological Information Systems (RIS). Interconnections with the HIS and the RIS are mandatory in order to fulfil the specified requirements with regard to access times and functionality.

Computer Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inheritance of nuclear DNA markers in gynogenetic haploid pink salmon.

We describe the inheritance of 460 PCR-based loci in the polyploid-derived pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) genome using gynogenetic haploid embryos. We detected a length polymorphism in a growth hormone gene (GH-2) intron that is caused by an 81 bp insertion homologous to the 3' end of the salmonid short interspersed repetitive element (SINE) SmaI. Such insertion polymorphisms within species bring into question the use of SINEs as phylogenetic markers. We confirmed that a microsatellite locus encodes a PCR-null allele that is responsible for an apparent deficit of heterozygotes in a population sample from Prince William Sound. Another set of microsatellite primers amplified alleles of the same molecular weight from both loci of a duplicated pair. In our analysis of several PCR-based multilocus techniques, we failed to detect evidence of comigrating fragments produced by duplicated loci. Segregation analysis of PCR-based markers using gynogenetic haploid embryos ensures that the interpretation of molecular variation is not complicated by heterozygosity, diploidy, or gene duplication. We urge investigators to test the inheritance of polymorphisms in salmonids prior to using them to measure genetic variation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Kinship analysis of Pacific salmon: insights into mating, homing, and timing of reproduction.

Multilocus microsatellite genotypes were used to infer kinship and relatedness in two species of Pacific salmon from three populations in Washington State. Even in the absence of direct genetic data from parents, clustering of individuals according to allele sharing and reconstruction of parental genotypes allowed resolution of full- and half-sib relationships among 135 chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) sampled as preemergent juveniles from 14 redds in the Dungeness River. Inferred reproductive behaviors included single-pair matings, polyandry in which females mated with two to three males at a single redd, polygyny in which males mated with two females at different redds, use of two redds by a single female, and use of one redd site by two females. Greater average relatedness (rxy) in the upper reach of the Dungeness River implied within-reach homing of returning adults. In steelhead trout (O. mykiss), the frequency of related pairs (dyads) of mature individuals that migrated up Snow Creek less than a week apart was greater than expected for randomly chosen dyads, as was the frequency of steelhead dyads that were spawned on the same day in the Forks Creek hatchery. These results imply a heritable basis for upstream migration date and maturation date in steelhead trout.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The aunt and uncle effect: an empirical evaluation of the confounding influence of full sibs of parents on pedigree reconstruction.

This study used simulations and a known two-generation pedigree of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to evaluate the effect of full sibs of parents on pedigree reconstruction. Parentage analysis was conducted on 100 parent pair-offspring relationships from pedigrees with unrelated (simulation) and related (chinook salmon) candidate parents. Parentage assignment success for the chinook salmon was lower than in the simulated populations. For example, the six most variable loci (mean H(E) = 0.87) provided a mean of 97% unambiguous assignments in the simulated population and 67% unambiguous assignments for the chinook salmon. Estimates of the pairwise relatedness coefficient ((xy)) for most nonexcluded false parents and true parents of chinook salmon offspring exceeded 0.50. These results support the conclusion that closely related candidate parents decrease the power of genetic markers for pedigree reconstruction based on exclusion. Ambiguous parentage may be resolved using single parent- and parent pair-offspring likelihood analysis, however, these methods should be used with caution and they are not replacements for using more loci when many candidate parents are full sibs.

Animals↗