Seroprevalence of HIV and STD in Mwanza region, Tanzania.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
J B Rugemalila
Publications and source records attributed to J B Rugemalila.
Kagera 1989 health survey: 1. Human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence in adolescents.
One thousand four hundred and fifty five adolescents were surveyed for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in an area experiencing AIDS epidemic. The study was done in order to estimate control measures. Among the 1455 adolescents serosurveyed, 47 (3.2%) were HIV infected, of whom 30 (63.8%) were all aged 10-15 years old. The male/female ratio was 1:1. Of all the adolescents examined 830 (57.1%) were attending school. Among the selected potential risk factors namely non-school enrollment, illicit injections, blood transfusion and sexually transmitted diseases none of these was significantly associated with HIV seropositivity. Special care should be taken when interviewing adolescents on sensitive issues like the ones associated with HIV infection. In this study potential risk factors for getting HIV infection were rarely reported, thus making it difficult to get significant association with the HIV infection.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Schistosomiasis haematobium and the mortality occurring in an endemic community at Bujashi, Tanzania.
A population of 4516 inhabitants of an area endemic for schistosomiasis haematobium at Bujashi, Tanzania, was investigated in 1983 seven years after a baseline study for a pilot control project to determine the disease mortality risk. The distribution of the 238 deaths occurring in the population, when analysed by the Mantel Haenszel test, showed similar age and sex specific mortality rates among the 2309 non-cases and 2109 cases found excreting schistosome eggs at the baseline urine examinations. Furthermore, the respective follow up 36 and 57 cases with and without urological sequelae on the baseline excretion urograms, also showed similar age adjusted mortality rates as did the 1663 and 446 metrifonate treated and untreated cases respectively. The findings suggested, therefore, that neither the disease nor its treatment affected the mortality occurring in the population.
Adolescent↗
Randomized comparative trials of single doses of the newer antischistosomal drugs at Mwanza, Tanzania. I. Praziquantel and oxamniquine for the treatment of schistosomiasis mansoni.
Randomized single-blind comparative trials of the newer antischistosomal drugs praziquantel and oxamniquine were undertaken at Mwanza, Tanzania, an area coendemic for schistosomiasis mansoni and haematobium. The objective was to compare praziquantel, having broad-spectrum activity, with oxamniquine when administered in single doses for levels of tolerance, symptomatic relief, and reduction in schistosome egg output in schistosomiasis mansoni. Whereas the single oral doses of 40 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg for praziquantel and oxamniquine respectively were nearly equally well tolerated, praziquantel showed significantly better efficiency to commend it as a drug of choice for chemotherapy for control programmes, besides its acknowledged place in the clinical management of individual patients.
Adolescent↗
Use of metrifonate for selective population chemotherapy against urinary schistosomiasis in an endemic area at Mwanza, Tanzania.
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Humans↗
The impact of urinary schistosomiasis on the health of two community populations living in endemic areas in Tanzania.
Two populations living in separate areas in Tanzania known to be endemic for S. haematobium were investigated for the effects of the infection on community health. Both populations, each of about 450 examinees, had similar infection prevalences of 54-57% with peaks of 66-67% among the 5 to 19 year olds. Over 90% of the infections from either population were symptomatic showing mostly manifestations of vesical lesions. Radiological examinations of a random sample of 100 infected subjects from the population with the lower infection intensity revealed a high prevalence of 28% for bilateral uretero-renal lesions. The prevalence of urological lesions, including the potentially fatal uretero-renal lesions, was higher than hitherto reported from Tanzania. Urinary schistosomiasis was therefore considered to be of more serious public health importance in the country than has been accepted in the past.
Adolescent↗