Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J B Sprague.
Classical multivariate regression techniques can lead to an asymptotically efficient restricted estimator of the regression matrix if there is evidence that the regression matrix is of reduced rank. A sublethal joint toxicity experiment involving two agents is used to illustrate this approach.
Electrophysiologic studies were performed on 17 patients with bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia. Since most patients were infants, the diffuse light visual-evoked response was more helpful than the visual-evoked response obtained with pattern stimulation. In children over 1 year of age, the amplitude with diffuse light stimulation correlated well with other clinical measurements used to assess visual function. Before 6 months of age, it correlated better with visual prognosis than did clinical analysis. Photopic and scotopic electroretinographic measurements were normal in all except two in whom the scotopic b wave was supernormal.
Thirty-four patients (49 eyes) who had dissociated vertical deviation were treated with faden operation of Cüppers. The median follow-up period was 14 months. The operation produced good results in 23 of the patients, some improvement in seven, and did not help four. The posterior fixation suture was placed 14 mm behind the superior rectus muscle insertion and the superior rectus muscle was recessed.
Serum hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titers were monitored for five years with samples from 79 keratoconjunctivitis patients with type 8 adenovirus (AV-8) infection. Geometric mean antibody titers declined from 1:161 at the peak of the epidemic to 1:56 after five years. Computerized analysis of the decline in geometric mean antibody titer indicates that most patients will have a serum HI titer of 1:25 by 10 years after their clinical infection. These residual antibody levels and the consistent failure to document re-infection with AV-8 suggest that recurrent episodes of keratoconjunctivitis are caused by adenovirus serotypes other than type 8.
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Acute lethality of H+ alone to fry of American flagfish (Jordanella floridae) produced a 96 hr LC50 at pH 4.82 in very soft water (5.5 mg/L as CaCO3). At pH 5.3, the combined lethality of Al, Zn, Cu, and H+ produced an LC50 corresponding to 17, 2.8, and 1.4 micrograms/L, of Al, Zn, and Cu, respectively, acting as a mixture. Raising exposure pH from 5.3 to 6.9 in the same soft water reduced apparent Al/Zn/Cu lethality by a factor of 2.6. Decreased mixture lethality was attributed more to reduced H+ lethality at higher pH than to the modifying effects of pH on metal lethality. Neutralization acidic, metals-enriched, soft water with dolomite raised pH from 5.84 to 6.84, total hardness from 5.1 to 17.2 mg/L (as CaCO3) and reduced metal lethality by a factor of 2.4. Reduced lethality was attributed equally to elevated pH and to elevated hardness and alkalinity. Neutralization of culturally acidified waters will reduce the acute lethality of H+ and metals to biota.
Musculoskeletal manifestations of cerebral palsy (CP) change with growth, necessitating orthopaedic management. The goal of orthopaedic management, which may involve surgical and/or rehabilitative intervention, is to help each individual reach optimal functional ability and prevent deformity. Goals of surgical intervention are to improve function, decrease discomfort, and prevent structural changes that may become disabling. Knowledge of the basic surgical procedures to correct deformities as well as understanding the special needs of CP patients will help nurses successfully care for these individuals.
We present this case to suggest that xerophthalmia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children from less developed countries with corneal leukomas, particularly when it is not clear if the opacities are congenital. With more children from less developed countries being referred for adoption in America, and with continuing refugee groups coming to America, other unsuspected cases of xerophthalmia may be seen.
Design variations in children's distance vision screening charts contribute to inconsistencies noted in preschool vision screening programs. This study compares children's distance visual acuity on two chart designs: logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (LOGMAR) vs a chart of 'standard' design. In theory, the LOGMAR chart offers the advantages of improved precision in measuring inter-patient differences and greater consistency of follow-up measurements. Our findings indicate the following: 1) the ability to complete a test depends upon the child's age, not on chart design; 2) isolation of symbols is required more frequently for the LOGMAR charts than for the standard charts; and 3) on average, children have slightly poorer visual acuity scores on LOGMAR charts than on standard charts.