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Biomedical subjects

J B Woolcock

Publications and source records attributed to J B Woolcock.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Keratitis in free-ranging koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) on Magnetic Island, Townsville.

Seventy free-ranging koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) from Magnetic Island (Queensland, Australia) underwent an ocular examination, blood collection and serological examination for Chlamydia psittaci antibodies, and an examination of their teeth and genitalia. In 12 koalas long-standing unilateral keratitis was noted and in another 10 animals long-standing bilateral keratitis was observed. All animals were seronegative for Chlamydia psittaci and apart from some nasal discharge and a variety of assorted medical findings there was no sign of chlamydial infection. These ocular findings probably represent a new disease of unknown etiology.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Selective medium for Corynebacterium equi isolation.

The development of a selective medium for the isolation of Corynebacterium equi is described. The medium has been used to examine fecal samples from 127 horses of which 90 have been found to carry the organism.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The capsules of Corynebacterium equi and Streptococcus equi.

The capsules of Corynebacterium equi and Streptococcus equi were examined by electron microscopy after staining with ruthenium red. They were compared with the capsule of Klebsiella pneumoniae which had previously been examined using the same procedure (Springer & Roth, 1973). The capsule of C. equi had a laminated appearance. When S. equi was grown on solid medium, its capsule appeared as radially arranged projections capped by a thick electron dense layer. When grown in liquid medium, S. equi produced a capsule which showed as short thick projections with no layer external to them.

Cell Wall↗
PubMed1977

Some factors affecting selective adherence of microorganisms in the bovine mammary gland.

Some parameters affecting the adherence of microbes to the ductular epithelium of the bovine mammary gland were studied. Adherence increased from teat sinus to lactiferous sinus to the large ducts, and cells from the lactiferous sinus to the large ducts, and cells from the lactiferous sinus were used for all other experiments. There was no difference in adherence to cells from different quarters of the same cow, but there were significant differences between cows. Scanning electron microscopy suggested that the cells of the ductular epithelium undergo dynamic changes that probably result in secretion and/or desquamation. Adherence to cells could be demonstrated only at a late stage of these changes. The adherence of organisms associated with mastitis was studied using an in vitro test. Adherence generally paralleled prevalence as cause of disease, with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae adhering best. Strain variation suggested that virulence was related to adherence with S. agalactiae and S. dysgalactiae but not with S. aureus. It is proposed that specific adherence is an important aspect of pathogenesis of mastitis due to S. aureus and S. agalactiae.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1976

Immune mechanism in Pasteurella multocida-infected mice.

Various immunizing procedures were tested for their effect on the growth of Pasteurella multocida in specific pathogen-free CD-1 mice. Two injections with killed vaccine incorporated into Freund complete adjuvant gave excellent protection against parenteral challenge, but less to control the growth of an aerogenic inoculum. Protection with adjuvant-treated preparation was always superior to that seen with non-adjuvant-treated vaccines. A killed saline-suspended vaccine introduced aerogenically marginally increased resistance to small (2 to 5 mean lethal doses) aerogenic challenges. Live mycobacterium bovis (BCG) vaccine immunopotentiated a single dose of heat-killed P. multocida vaccine in terms of the protective immune response against a subsequent footpad challenge. Hyperimmune mouse serum, administered intraperitoneally, intramuscularly, or intravenously 1 to 7 days prior to subcutaneous challenge with 500 to 5,000 P. multocida, was highly protective. Mice injected in the thigh with 0.2 ml of hyperimmune serum prior to footpad challenge frequently developed a severe inflammatory response with local swelling within 48 h; these lesions often became severly abscessed with time. The passively protected, footpad-infected mice developed active immunity against a subsequent challenge given into the opposite footpad.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1975

Involvement of the upper respiratory tract in orally induced salmonellosis in mice.

The possible involvement of the tissues of the head and neck during the early pathogenesis of orally or intragastrically induced murine salmonellosis was examined. Viable counts of Salmonella in the local lymphoid tissues and draining nodes indicated that the ileal Peyer's patches were primarily involved in the development of a subsequent enteric fever, irrespective of the method of oral challenge. Contamination of drinking water with a high concentration of salmonellae produced infection of the ileal Peyers patches and the eventual development of systemic disease. The cervical lymph nodes were sporadically involved early in the infection, but this involvement soon became general, with large numbers of salmonellae in the cervical nodes by 36 hr. A lower concentration of salmonellae in drinking water led to primary involvement of the ileal Peyers patches; upper respiratory tract involvement was detected much later in the infection. Intragastrically invected mice exhibited the same low-level infection of the cervical lymph nodes as that in mice infected via drinking water. Thus systemic infection apparently results from infection of the ileal Peyers patches; a small percentage of the animals develop a concurrent upper respiratory tract infection that may be responsible for the development of carrier states after enteric infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Immunity to Streptococcus equi.

Using the long chain test, and in some cases the bactericidal test, to measure antibody, the development of the immune response in horses to Str. equi has been followed. Long chain indices in excess of 5.0, accompanied by strong bactericidal capacity, were recorded in serums after the full 3-dose immunisation course with a commercial vaccine. The full course elicited the most satisfactory antibody titres declined within the 12 month post-vaccination period, thus providing support for the recommendation that yearly booster doses should be administered. The immune response in horses during 2 strangles outbreaks was compared with the response following vaccination. Recovered animals showed declining antibody levels 9 weeks after infection, and the evidence does not support longevity of the immune response after natural infection. Reaction to vaccination was observed in those animals with high initial antibody titre.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Epidemiology of equine streptococci.

Equine tonsillar tissue and the draining regional lymph nodes, as well as deep nasal swabs were examined bacteriologically. Group C streptococci, predominantly Streptococcus zooepidemicus, were shown to be present in all tissues. The most frequent site for isolation was the tonsil. Streptococcus equi was not located in any of the tissues sampled.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Studies in atypical Streptococcus equi.

An atypical variety of Streptococcus equi is described. It was shown to be deficient in capsular material, to be very virulent for mice and to possess a cell-wall protein similar to the M-like protein of classical Str equi. Antiserum prepared against classical Str equi effectively opsonised the atypical strains, and induced the formation of long chains by these atypical strains. It is possible that this variant of Str equi can be used to overcome many of the current problems associated with the manufacture and use of strangles vaccines.

Animals↗