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Biomedical subjects

J B Zabriskie

Publications and source records attributed to J B Zabriskie.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

The occurrence of a protein in the extracellular products of streptococci isolated from patients with acute glomerulonephritis.

The present report compares the extracellular proteins of streptococci by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis. A marked variation in the streptococcal extracellualr proteins (SEP) of different strains was detected, even in strains of similar serotypes. It was possible, however, to identify a single protein band that occurred predominantly in the SEP of strains isolated from patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN). This protein was generally not produced by streptococci obtained from patients without this disease. It appears to be immunologically similar in the various serotypes of streptococci isolated from patients with APSGN and can be demonstrated by immunofluorescence techniques to be present in the glomeruli of these patients.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1979

Oligoclonal immunoglobulins in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and multiple sclerosis: a study of idiotypic determinants.

Studies have been made of the idiotypic determinants of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) antibodies using rabbit antisera to serum and spinal fluid fractions. Evidence is presented indicating that serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) anti-measles antibodies, as judged by their idiotypes, differ in their relative concentrations in the two compartments. The results indicate that some of these antibody subpopulations originate within the CNS, while others are made largely or entirely outside. In addition to strong idiotypic specificity, a limited cross-idiotypic specificity relating antibodies from three out of fourteen SSPE patients has been identified. In the course of these studies, measles virus was found to agglutinate red cells coated with antibody fraction to high titres. This system has proved useful in demonstrating the competition between anti-idiotypic antibody and antigen for the combining sites of the measles antibody. Two anti-idiotypic antisera have also been obtained against the spinal fluid IgG of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The possible use of these marker reagnets as well as related methodologies in the search for the antigens involved in MS bands is discussed.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1978

Cellular reactivity to altered glomerular basement membrane in glomerulonephritis.

Glomerular basement membrane may be altered during glomerulonephritis, exposing antigens that are recognized as foreign. Immunochemical studies suggest that removal of peripheral glycopeptides from the basement membrane with glycosidase mimics this pathogenetic event. To examine these hypotheses, we studied 24 patients with biopsy-proved glomerulonephritis by means of the lymphocyte-blast-transformation assay. Three preparations of normal glomerular basement membrane were used: two mimicked the native state for the peripheral glycopeptides, and one was altered by glycosidases. Results showed minimal differences in responses to native glomerular basement-membrane preparations among patients with glomerulonephritis and control groups. However, patients with glomerulonephritis had a significant blastogenic response to the glycosidase-treated glomerular basement membrane as compared to patients with nonglomerular renal disease and normal controls (P less than 0.0005). These studies suggest that cellular reactivity to altered glomerular basement-membrane antigens can be detected in certain forms of progressive glomerulonephritis.

Antigens↗
PubMed1978

The postpericardiotomy syndrome then and now.

The postpericardiotomy syndrome is a febrile illness with pericardial and pleural reaction that either persists or appears beyond the 1st postoperative week. We believe that it begins in the 1st week after intrapericardial cardiac surgery, and that clinical signs of illness correlate with appearance of AHA and with significant rise in titer to AVA. Our present working hypothesis is that myocardial damage with bleeding into the pericardial sac at the time of surgery combines with concurrently acquired or reactivated viral illness to set the stage for the syndrome. The immune response is triggered by viral invasion of traumatized myocardium and an immune response is mounted, not against autologous myocardium per se but against the neo-antigen, the virus-infected myocardium. The illness is self-limited. It sometimes recurs but it seems to leave no sequelae other than the bad memory of a painful postoperative complication that prolonged hospitalization and delayed the realization of the full benefits of that heart operation.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1978

Phonocardiographic recording of heterotopic cardiac graft function in the rat. I. Diagnosis of rejection.

Daily simultaneous recordings of an electrocardiogram and an external thorax phonocardiogram and abdominal phonocardiogram were obtained in 24 rats with abdominal heart grafts so that rejection could be studied. The sounds recorded above the heterotopic heart are the result of a pressure differential between host and graft ventricle competing with one another. As soon as the contractility of the graft ventricle decreases below the contractility of the host ventricle, characteristic and specific changes occur in the abdominal phonocardiogram: the amplitude of the first sound becomes smaller while the timing of the second heart sound (aortic valve closure) is subsequently controlled by the host ventricle. These observations coincide with clinical and histological symptoms of rejection and are, therefore, of diagnostic value. In addition, a rough quantitative record of graft function is obtained by abdominal phonocardiography using the host's own cardiac function as a reference parameter.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A double-blind trial of transfer factor vs placebo in multiple sclerosis patients.

A double-blind trial of the effect of transfer factor on multiple sclerosis patients was carried out. In a series of fifty-six multiple sclerosis patients treated with monthly injections of either transfer factor or placebo for 1 year, no beneficial effect of transfer factor was noted. In addition, none of the immunological and serological parameters studied (measles migration inhibition, measles HI titre or CSF immunoglobulin) changed as a result of transfer factor therapy. Histocompatibility typing and CSF IgG/TP ratios were correlated with the disease activity. Of interest was the finding that the presence of the DW2 antigen, when unassociated with HLA-B7 antigen, appeared to correlate with the mildest form of disease activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Hereditary late-onset lymphedema.

Two different types of hereditary late-onset lymphedema are presented. In one family the father and one son had recurrent streptococcal lymphangitis beginning in childhood. In the son there was lymphatic hypoplasia in both legs with the infection having only occurred in one. Prophylaxis with penicillin prevented the recurrent lymphangitis. Because of 30 years of untreated lymphangitis, the father has chronic severe lymphedema. The second type, lymphedema associated with extra eyelashes (distichiasis) and a wide spinal canal, occurred in a woman whose lymphedema began at age 12 but in whom the hereditary nature of the disorder was not recognized until she was 29. Both of these types of late-onset lymphedema, lymphedema with lymphangitis and lymphedema with distichiasis, are due to autosomal dominant genes. Both families would have benefited from early diagnosis of the cause of the lymphedema.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Group A streptococcal antigens cross-reactive with myocardium. Purification of heart-reactive antibody and isolation and characterization of the streptococcal antigen.

Heart-reactive antibody (HRA) appears in the sera of experimental animals inoculated with group A streptococci as well as patients with acute rheumatic fever. Adsorption of either serum with group A streptococcal membranes will remove the HRA. Blocking experiments between these two types of HRAs have demonstrated that the antibodies are directed towards different antigenic determinants on either the same or different molecules. To isolate and purify the antigen from the group A streptococcus cross-reactive with sarcolemmal sheaths of cardiac myofibers, it became necessary to purify the HRA from rheumatic fever patients' sera. Isolated gamma globulin containing all of the HRA was adsorbed onto human sarcolemmal sheaths. The specific HRA was released by using potassium iodide. Over 99 percent of the purified HRA was shown to bind the sarcolemmal sheath whereas less than 1 percent of the antibody would bind nonspecifically to other material. Preparations of group A streptococcal membrane will bind HRA purified from the sera of acute rheumatic patients at levels of 97 percent or greater. The cross-reactive antigen solubilized by nonionic detergent was purified 120-fold by column chromatography. On sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis, the antigen was demonstrated to be composed of four polypeptides with mol wt of 32,000, 28,000, 26,000, and 22,000 daltons, respectively. Only proteolytic enzymes could destroy the antigenic determinant whereas glycosidases and lipases had no effect. The purified antigen blocked the binding of purified HRA to normal human heart sections.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Streptococcal M protein: an antiphagocytic molecule assembled on the cell wall.

After extraction with nonionic detergent, type 6 streptococcal M protein was found to be composed of multiple proteins ranging in molecular weight from 35,000 to 6,000 daltons. The antiphagocytic proteins, however, were found to be limited to three species having molecular weights of 28,000, 31,000, and 35,000 daltons. These molecules which removed opsonic antibodies from immune serum could be separated from those proteins that had only type specificity. Pulse chase experiments supported by chemical and immunological data suggest that the smaller, type-specific molecules are used to assemble the larger, antiphagocytic proteins. Type 6 M protein was radialabeled and used in a binding assay for the measurement of opsonic antibodies in human serum. Good correlation was observed between binding and the presence of opsonic antibodies in both systems. However, certain sera did exhibit binding but lacked type-specific opsonic activity. Results of competitive inhibition experiments demonstrated that the nonopsonic serum was deficient in certain antibodies that were present in opsonics serum and that the anitphagocytic molecules contained the sites necessary to bind these antibodies.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

Cell-mediated immunity in multiple sclerosis.

The blastogenic response of MS lymphocytes to a group of paramyxovirus antigens and to phytohemagglutinin was investigated. Comparative studies were performed in a selected group of patients before and after transfer factor therapy. There was no blastogenic response of lymphocytes to the paramyxovirus antigens tested in MS patients and normal controls, as measured by the incorporation of 14C thymidine. The stimulation index was below 2.5 even after transfer factor therapy. Lymphocyte transformation induced by PHA appeared significantly depressed in the MS patient group before transfer factor therapy when compared with the normal control group. The presence of serum factors that may depress PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation were looked for and not found. Following transfer factor therapy, an increase of the PHA response was observed in the MS group, such that a statistically significant difference in response compared with the normal control group was no longer present.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Lymphocyte surface markers in acute rheumatic fever and post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis.

Lymphocyte cell-surface markers were examined in forty children with acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and twelve with acute post-streptococal glomerulonephritis (AGN) and compared to thirty-six normal controls of similar age. Cell-surface-marker studies included surface Ig using fluorescein-labelled F(ab)2 anti-F(AB')2, IgG aggregate binding cells, and EAC rosettes. T cells were identified both as 'active' rosettes and total E-binding cells. Proportions and absolute numbers of cells bearing surface Ig and Fc receptors were elevated in subjects with AGN (Pless than0-01-0-5), whereas proportions of cells producing EAC rosettes were diminished. Patients with acute rheumatic carditis or chorea showed a substantial elevation in proportions and numbers of active T-cell rosettes (Pless than0-01). Streptococcal antigen binding cells capable of forming rosettes with autologous cells coated with group A streptococcal membranes were elevated in the acute phase of both rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis(Pless than0-01). The majority of such cells were removed by passage over insolubilized Ig-anti-IgG columns and appeared to be B cells.

Acute Disease↗