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Biomedical subjects

J Bacallao

Publications and source records attributed to J Bacallao.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Assessing obesity with body weight and height.

Anthropometric measurements in one hundred girls and one hundred boys from 4.6 to 5.5 years of age were carried out in order to study the correspondence between the criteria of obesity according to weight for stature (BW-HT) and according to the magnitude of fat body mass (FM calculated of two different regression equations, one developed starting from body weight (BW), height (HT) and two skinfolds, and another one, using only BW and HT. Employing the criterion of obesity based upon BW-HT above 120%, a number of heavy but not fatty subjects (mainly boys) were included as obese, and three of the girls studied were fatty but not overweight. Conversely, if we calculate FM using the regression equation based on BW and HT, and the criterion of obesity based upon body fat percent, the incidence of obesity could be underestimated. The best results were given by regression equations which include BW, HT and two skinfolds (triceps and subscapular). Though the usefulness of BW and HT in nutritional assessment is not discussed, the diagnostic limitations of these measurements used alone or in combination are evident and therefore it is necessary to include skinfold measurements if we wish to obtain a correct diagnosis of obesity.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1980

Dermatoglyphics in Cuban mongols.

Finger and palm prints of 220 Cuban mongols, all trisomic 21, were statistically compared with those of a group of 400 normal Cuban individuals. The most important dermatoglyphic findings in the patients were: an excess of ulnar loops on the 2nd and 3rd fingers, and radial loops on the 4th and 5th fingers; a paucity of patterns in the thenar/I area; more hypothenar true patterns, specially ulnar loops, higher percentages of patterns in the II and III interdigital spaces with less true patterns in the IV interdigital space; distal position t" of the axial triradius and large atd angles of more than 70 degrees; high values of the main-line index; predominance of radial type of the C line and higher frequencies of type 11 of the D line. The simian crease, especially the complete variety, had more diagnostic value than the Sydney line. Parathenar patterns which did not seem to have been described previously in mongols, were significantly more frequent in the patients than in controls. The results are very similar to those observed in other countries and it seems that the peculiar dermatoglyphic pattern of patients with Down syndrome is not affected by ethnic influences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Nutritional assessment of infants and preschool children using two different anthropometric criteria of classification.

A comparison of two criteria for assessing malnutrition in infants and children has been carried out in a sample of 184 healthy infants and children grouped according to two different anthropometric criteria: considering the quantity of body mass for linear dimension by the ratio W/H; and considering the degree of wasting according to weight for height (WH). Biochemical studies were also carried out in each child and correlated with body systems of classification. Total amino acids in serum and eryhtrocytes, the non-essential/essential amino acid ratio in serum and erythrocytes, total serum proteins and the albumin/alpha globulin ratio were investigated. The results showed that both criteria were closely related, the linear regression between them was highly significant (r = 0.931). Nevertheless, the W/H criterion classified as undernourished a higher proportion of children, because it included those of delayed biological age though not malnourished. On the contrary, WH only classified as undernourished those who probably have actual malnutrition. Biochemical studies showed significant correlations with both criteria but higher r values were found for W/H in some cases. Thus, classification on the basis of WH including the analysis of the degree of wasting and of stunting, is satisfactory for individual and community assessment, but it should include the classification of overweights. It must be stressed that both systems, being based on weight as the basis of classification, do not consider body composition and therefore can only assess whole body mass and thus only approximate the nutritional status.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1977

Energy/protein index: III. Correlation with a biochemical parameter which reflects protein nutritional imbalance.

To establish the usefulness of the Energy/Protein index, a study was made to assess its correlation with a biochemical parameter able to detect marginal forms of protein-energy malnutrition such as the non-essential/essential aminoacid ratio. A simple linear regression model was proposed and tested in a sample of ninety-seven malnourished children, by means of analysis of variance. The model was satisfactory. A highly significant (p less than 0.001) correlation coefficient of r = 0.552 was found.

Body Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical and etiological data in 21 cases of Poland's syndrome].

Clinical and etiological data of 21 cases of Poland's syndrome are reported. The anomaly was seen especially on the right side and was significantly more frequent in males than in females (4:1). The variable expressivity of the morphology of the ipsilateral hand is analyzed. Height of the hand was obtained in 18 cases. Simian crease and Sydney line are significantly more frequent in patients than in controls. These observations confirmed that unilateral isolate absence of the pectoralis major muscle is a mild expression of the syndrome. Most of the cases were sporadic. No difference was found in the number of spontaneous abortions between the mothers of patients and controls. In one family, it seems that a mother-to-child transmissin was present which could be explain by an autosomal dominant inheritance.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Energy/protein ratio: new validation of its applicability to nutritional evaluation].

A new anthropometric rate called energy/protein ratio (E/P) which results from the division of the logarithmic transformation of tricipital skin fold (F) by the logarithm of branchial muscle circumference (BMC) is described. In a study of a sample of healthy preschool children from 97 day-care centers of the Havana City it was proved a relationship between adiposity and the muscular mass of the arm middle third which depends on age, sex and race and is normally distributed. Percentiles for each age and sex were obtained and it was confirmed the dependence of age and differences in each sex. It was also proved the quality of E/P in assessing variations of the muscular mass as well as a relationship between energy and protein storages. The E/P ratio is a new contribution to nutritional evaluation since it offers a new approach for the use of arm measurements, specially the tricipital fold, and demonstrates the easiness for its obtention and its reliability. The ratio may be applied either to individual assessment or to field studies. Measurements may be performed by well trained personnel, which may record the primary data and screen initially according to the percentile distribution of the values obtained. The E/P ratio may be obtained by a computerized program or a nomogram designed to that purpose.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Energy/protein index: its use in the diagnosis of different forms of malnutrition].

The applicability of the energy/protein index (the ratio between the logarithmic transformation of tricipital skin fold and the brachial muscular circumference) is studied. Results obtained in a group of preschool children exhibiting different clinical-anthropometric forms of malnutrition led us to use this index not only for differentiating well-nourished from malnourished children, but also as a criterion for classifying energy malnutrition (including desnutrition and overweight) as well as protein malnutrition and assessing their magnitude. Mean values--with a 95% confidence interval for energy/protein index--were respectively 1,477 +/- 0.029 and 1,324 +/- 0,124 in children with moderate or severe energy denutrition; 1,836 +/- 0,028 in children with kwashiokor; and 1,683 +/- 0,019 in overweight children.

Analysis of Variance↗