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Biomedical subjects

J Bachman

Publications and source records attributed to J Bachman.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Monitoring laboratory-scale bioventing using synchronous scan fluorescence spectroscopy: analysis of the vapor phase.

Bioventing is an improved method of soil remediation that is being used with increasing frequency. In this paper, we refine techniques to measure the progress of petroleum hydrocarbon decomposition by monitoring vapor phase composition with synchronous scan fluorescence spectroscopy (SSFS). Analysis of the vapor phase has advantages compared to standard extraction techniques that require extensive sample handling and clean up. For comparison, hydrocarbon contamination in the soil was measured by analysis of Soxhlet extractions with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Comparison of the GC-MS and SSFS data showed that changes in hydrocarbon composition measured in the vapor phase provide an accurate measure of decomposition reactions taking place in the soil.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗
PubMed1995

A university's response to a need for school nurse education.

This study examined the need for program development that allows school nurses the opportunity to receive advanced practice education while continuing to work in their school settings. Findings suggest that school nurses can advocate for greater access to undergraduate, graduate, and practitioner programs by influencing academic institutions to provide appropriate professional education to their members.

Education, Nursing, Graduate↗
PubMed1992

Postpartum ovarian vein thrombophlebitis: etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and nursing implications.

This article presents a review of the literature on postpartum ovarian vein thrombophlebitis with special emphasis of nursing implications. The technology of real time ultrasound, duplex Doppler ultrasound, computerized axial tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging now offer reliable methods for confirming a suspected diagnosis of postpartum ovarian vein thrombophlebitis. However, it may well be nurses in clinical settings who assess the often vague signs and be the first to alert the physician. Nurses have an important role in the prevention of postpartum ovarian vein thrombophlebitis. Prevention may be successful by teaching women holistic prenatal care including how to avoid infections during pregnancy and postpartum, and by practicing meticulous technique during pregnancy, labor and delivery, and postpartum.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Smoking cessation in patients with cardiopulmonary disease: an initial study.

Thirty-five smokers, all with current, long-standing, cardiovascular or pulmonary disease, were randomly assigned to either health motivation treatment, or to aversive smoking. The former included self-management skills, a film model, verbal commitment, and discussion of the costs and benefits of smoking and abstinence. The latter included normally paced (every 30 sec.) aversive smoking, relaxation training, role playing high risk situations, and discussion of maladaptive thought patterns. Strong differences between the conditions in abstinence rate and reduction from baseline did not emerge; however, the data generally favored the health motivation condition both in attrition rates and in outcome immediately posttreatment and at six month follow-up. Negative mood states were found to be related to minimal reduction in smoking; and consistent mood dysphoria at pre and posttreatment predicted relapse at three month follow-up.

Affect↗
PubMed1983

High-altitude pulmonary edema among visitors to Summit County, Colorado.

Twenty-nine cases of high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) affecting visitors to Summit County, Colorado, were analyzed. The mean age of the group was 37.8 years, and all the patients were male. These results differ from previous studies and suggest that there are two varieties of HAPE. The first type (type 1, or nonresident-ascent HAPE) affects visitors to altitudes above 8,000 ft (2,439 m). At altitudes up to 11,000 ft (3,354 m), it is a disease that affects primarily adult men. The second variety (type 2, or resident-reascent HAPE) affects residents of high altitudes when they descend to an elevation below 8,000 ft (2,430 m) and then return to high altitude. This type of HAPE affects male and female residents almost equally and is a disease of childhood and adolescence.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Puff volume increases when low-nicotine cigarettes are smoked.

Variables of smoking were measured when subjects smoked the first cigarette of the day after an eight- to 10-hour period of abstinence. The cigarettes smoked had high, medium, or low nicotine yields but the tar and carbon monoxide yields, taste, and draw characteristics remained constant. The number of puffs and interval between puffs did not differ between nicotine doses. The smokers took larger puffs, however, when smoking cigarettes delivering lower nicotine yields than their normal brands. This change in the size of puff must be attributed to the change in nicotine yield since all other characteristics of the cigarettes remained constant. Thus encouraging the smoking of low-nicotine cigarettes may increase exposure to combustion products and not appreciably decrease exposure to nicotine, since the smokers increased the size of their puffs in response to the decreased nicotine yield.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Evidence that cannabidiol does not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of tetrahydrocannabinol in man.

The pharmacokinetics of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administered intravenously was evaluated in four subjects after oral administration of placebo and 1500 mg of cannabidiol (CBD) according to a crossover design. The cannabidiol pretreatment had no apparent effect on THC pharmacokinetics, yet there may have been minimal effect on the formation and excretion of metabolites. The total (metabolic) blood clearance of THC averaged 17.4 ml/min/kg without CBD and 20.9 ml/min/kg with CBD, and was probably hepatic blood flow limited. The apparent steady-state volume of distribution averaged 9.86 (with CBD, 10.54) liters/kg. Irrespective of CBD pretreatment, the renal clearance of THC metabolites ranged from 17 ml/min after approximately 1 hr to 1.13 ml/min 3.5 days after dosing with THC. The apparent terminal halflife for metabolites averaged 8.2 days.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Metabolic and psychophysiologic studies of cannabidiol-hexobarbital interaction.

Cannabidiol (CBD), 600 mg/day orally for 5 to 12 days, inhibited hexobarbital metabolism in ten subjects. Hexobarbital oral clearance was 36% lower and apparent volume of distribution was 35% smaller, with no change in half-life during CBD. In four subjects who received intravenous and oral hexobarbital, systemic clearance was 36% lower while bioavailability was 10% greater during CBD. Hexobarbital increased fatigue and tremor, impaired eye-tracking performance, and altered the electroencephalogram. Hexobarbital effects were not affected by CBD. Inhibition of metabolism of other drugs should be considered when large amounts of CBD are taken or when CBD is used for therapy.

Absorption↗
PubMed1979

The therapeutic community as a research ward: myths and facts.

The clinical research ward run as a therapeutic community has been criticized as inefficient and scientifically unsound. This article discusses the therapeutic community as a research ward and identifies certain misconceptions which underlie many criticisms. The following myths are discussed and refuted: (1) There is an insurmountable community-research chasm. (2) The therapeutic community induces stress that interferes with research. (3) Patient passivity is engendered by research and this is destructive to the therapeutic community. (4) Symptoms are exacerbated by a research ward that is disruptive to the community. (5) Normal research subjects cannot live in a therapeutic community without pathologic psychic changes. These inaccurate myths are seen as a reflection of attempts to oversimplify very complex clinical and research issues. The use of mythology to simplify experiments, to artificially "clarify" complex issues, or to "protect" patients is seen as a disservice. The therapeutic community and research are syntonic when both receive appropriate support.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Cardiovascular effects of intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol: autonomic nervous mechanisms.

The contribution of autonomic nervous system activity to the cardiovascular effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was evaluated in 4 normal subjects. The peak heart rate rise after THC was attenuated by atropine and by propranolol, and nearly abolished by atropine-propranolol pretreatment. Blocking drugs also attenuated THC-induced changes in forearm blood flow and vascular resistance but did not affect changes in fingertip temperature. The data suggest that THC acts to induce sympathetic stimulation and parasympathetic inhibition of cardiovascular control pathways. Cardiovascular responses in an additional subject who developed hypertension after either intravenous or smoked marijuana are described.

Adult↗