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Biomedical subjects

J Barling

Publications and source records attributed to J Barling.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Predicting child behavior problems in maritally violent families.

Previous research indicates that children from violent marriages are more likely to suffer from conduct problems and/or anxiety disorders than children from nonviolent, satisfactory marriages. However, knowledge regarding specific factors present in violent marriages relating to child problems is limited. The present study examined the relationships involving interspousal aggression, parent-child aggression, and child behavior problems in a sample of 45 children from maritally violent families. Mothers indicated how often their children witnessed interspousal aggression and were victims of parent-child aggression. Mothers also rated their children's problem behaviors while children reported on their own depressive symptoms. The witnessing of interspousal aggression was highly associated with parental aggression directed toward children. Parent-child aggression related to attention problems, anxiety-withdrawal, motor excess, and conduct problems in children. However, the witnessing of interspousal aggression was not significantly related to child behavior problems. These results are consistent with theoretical predictions linking marital problems to child behavior by virtue of their association with parenting.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1985

Dietary factors and hyperactivity: a failure to replicate.

Recent research suggests that sucrose consumption may be a factor in children's hyperactivity. Yet, the manner in which hyperactive behavior was assessed confounded hyperactivity and aggression, thereby reducing the conceptual validity of the findings. In addition, accepting a probability level of 0.06 as significant with 36 correlations, and using grams rather than portions as an index of food consumption might have contributed to a Type I error. When these three issues were addressed in the present study, no significant relationships emerged between sucrose consumption and hyperactivity or aggression assessed as separate dimensions. The age of the hyperactive children in this sample (M = 9.15 years) contrasted with that of the original research (M = 6 years 2 months) and this may contribute to the differential results. Suggestions for further research are outlined, and the need to separate hyperactive children according to whether they receive stimulant medication or not, and assess attention deficit disorders in addition to behavioral components of hyperactivity are stressed.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1982

Self-instruction and learning disabilities: maintenance, generalization, and subject characteristics.

The present study assessed the effects of self-instructional training on learning-disabled children's perceptual deficits. Twenty-nine children (M age = 9.70 years) were assigned randomly to a control (n = 10), an attention-placebo control ( = 9), and self-instruction group (n = 10). Analyses of covariance (with the pretest score as the covariate) yielded significant treatment effects at post- and maintenance testing, although there was no evidence whatsoever of any generalization to academic performance of classroom behavior. Analysis of the frequency of overt self-verbalizations at post- and maintenance testing further suggested the efficacy of self-instructions for direct treatment effects. Finally, the importance of S characteristics in self-regulation programs was emphasized: Children with an internal locus of control orientation tended to use overt self-verbalizations most frequently.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Effects of a remedial program on visual-motor perception in spina bifida children.

Most studies dealing with spina bifida children concentrate on medical or physical factors, largely ignoring any psychosocial and educational consequences. The present study assessed the effect of a remedial program on visual-motor perception in spina bifida children. Thirty-six spina bifida boys and girls (mean age 82.87 months) with a myelomeningocele and an associated hydrocephalus were assigned randomly to either a control, attention-placebo, or experimental group. Following the administration of the Frostig Program for the Development of Visual Perception, the experimental group significantly improved on a global index of visual perception and the five subtests of Frostig's Development Test of Visual Perception; at a maintenance test two months later, all treatment gains (except on the visual spatial perception subtest) were still evident. These results are discussed in terms of the provision of remedial education for spina bifida children, and a possible cognitive mechanism mediating the behavioral change in the experimental group.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Effects of alcohol on moral functioning in male social drinkers.

The present study investigated the effect of alcohol consumption on both moral reasoning and moral values, cognitive variables which are likely to mediate moral behavior. Fifty-five male social drinkers (Mean age = 19.75 years) participated in a one-way pretest-posttest design incorporating two experimental (alcohol) and three control groups. Results showed that alcohol did not affect moral stage reasoning on the Defining Issues Test. However, the endorsement of meaningless items was significantly, but differentially, affected by the alcohol doses administered. No group differences were found in regard to moral values. These findings are related to previous research on alcohol and cognitive processes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Locus of control and generosity in learning disabled, normal achieving, and gifted children.

Locus of control and generosity were investigated in 3 groups of children varying in academic achievement, namely, the learning disabled, normal achieving, and gifted. 34 9- and 10-year-old males were administered in dividually the shortened Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale and a donation task. An analysis of covariance and subsequent t tests for adjusted means revealed significant differences between all the groups, with learning disabled the most, and gifted the least, externally oriented. In addition, generosity was found to correlate significantly with internal-external control. The implications for special education, and resulting research priorities, are discussed.

Age Factors↗