PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Bauch

Publications and source records attributed to J Bauch.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[The surgeon's role as expert witness in malpractice lawsuits. Purpose and requirements of legal medical opinions].

Even experienced medical advisors need clear guidelines on the extent and form of expert opinions presented to courts of law. The importance of thorough document study, correctly organizing findings, and carefully weighing the various factors influencing an opinion cannot be stressed enough. Presented here is a sample opinion for German civil court trials at the state level. It illustrates how best to combine research and clinical results, personal professional experience, and citations from the literature to structure legally valid evidence in the form of an expert opinion. The importance of cogent response to examiners' and cross-examiners' questions is demonstrated, as are differences between civil and criminal proceedings. An appendix cites the appropriate passages from the German legal code concerning remuneration for expert opinions.

Certification↗
PubMed2000

3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazoles: a novel class of NFAT transcription factor regulator.

A series of bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazoles (BTPs) has been found to be a novel inhibitor of cytokine production. Identified initially as inhibitors of IL-2 synthesis, the BTPs have been optimized in this regard and even inhibit IL-2 production with a 10-fold enhancement over cyclosporine in an ex vivo assay. Additionally, the BTPs show inhibition of IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, and eotaxin production. Unlike the IL-2 inhibitors, cyclosporine and FK506, the BTPs do not directly inhibit the dephosphorylation of NFAT by calcineurin.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

The kinetics of calcium and magnesium entry into mycorrhizal spruce roots.

The entry of calcium and magnesium from external sources into mycorrhizal roots of 3-year-old Norway spruce trees (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) was monitored. Roots of intact plants were exposed for various periods of time, ranging from 2 min to 48 h, to nutrient solutions which contained the stable-isotope tracers 25Mg and 44Ca. After labelling, samples of roots were excised from the plants, shock-frozen, cryosubstituted and embedded. The resulting isotope composition in this material was analysed by a laser-microprobe-mass-analyser (LAMMA) at relevant positions within cross-sections of the roots. For both elements, we determined (i) the fractions of the isotopes originating from the plant prior to labelling, and (ii) the fraction of isotopes originating from the corresponding tracer that penetrated into the root. Both divalent cations rapidly penetrated across the cortical apoplast and reached the endodermis. After 2 min of exposure to the labelling solution, an initial transient gradient of the tracers could be observed within the root cortex. Subsequently, calcium as well as magnesium equilibrated between the apoplast of the entire cortex and the external tracer with a half-time, t1/2, of about 3 min. In contrast, the kinetics of radial movement into the vascular stele showed a delay with a t1/2 of 100-120 min. We take this as strong evidence that there exists a free apoplastic path for divalent cations in the cortex and that the endodermis is a major barrier to the further passage of Mg and Ca into the xylem. While 25Mg in the labelling solution exchanged rapidly with Mg in the cortical apoplast, the exchange across the plasma membrane with Mg present in the protoplasm of the same cortical cells was almost 2 orders of magnitude slower. The kinetics of Ca and Mg entry at + 6 degrees C were similar to those obtained at a root temperature of +22 degrees C.

Calcium↗
PubMed1999

Second-generation peptidomimetic inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase demonstrating improved cellular potency and significant in vivo efficacy.

The synthesis and evaluation of analogues of previously reported farnesyltransferase inhibitors, pyridyl benzyl ether 3 and pyridylbenzylamine 4, are described. Substitution of 3 at the 5-position of the core aryl ring resulted in inhibitors of equal or less potency against the enzyme and decreased efficacy in a cellular assay against Ras processing by the enzyme. Substitution of 4 at the benzyl nitrogen yielded 26, which showed improved efficacy and potency and yet presented a poor pharmacokinetic profile. Further modification afforded 30, which demonstrated a dramatically improved pharmacokinetic profile. Compounds 26 and 29 demonstrated significant in vivo efficacy in nude mice inoculated with MiaPaCa-2, a human pancreatic tumor-derived cell line.

Alkyl and Aryl Transferases↗
PubMed1999

Potent inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase: heteroarenes as cysteine replacements.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of heteroarenes as reduced cysteine replacements are described. Of the heteroaryl groups examined with respect to FT inhibitor FTI-276 (1), pyridyl was the replacement found to be most effective. Substitutions at C4 of the pyridyl moiety did not affect the in vitro activity. Compound 9a was found to have moderate in vivo bioavailability.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1999

Ex vivo assessment of immunosuppression in undiluted whole blood from pigs dosed with tacrolimus (FK506).

To assess the duration of immunosuppression in FK506-dosed pigs, an undiluted whole blood assay was established to measure reactivities of T cells in their physiological milieu. PMA and ionomycin were shown to induce IL-2 production in swine blood. The IC50 of FK506 in inhibiting IL-2 production in whole blood and isolated PBMC stimulated with PMA and ionomycin measured 1.2 and 0.04 nM, respectively. These data underscore the influence of red blood cells and plasma proteins on drug potency. IL-2 levels were determined in blood drawn immediately before and 1, 24, 48, and 72 h after iv dosing. For pigs dosed with 0.05 mg/kg, 50% recovery of IL-2 production was observed at 16 h and 100% at 35 h after dosing. For pigs dosed with 0.15 mg/kg, 50% recovery was observed at 38 h and 100% at 72 h. Blood concentrations of FK506 at 50 and 100% recovery of IL-2 production measured 10.8 and 2.2 nM for pigs dosed with 0.05 mg/kg and 6.1 and 1.1 nM for pigs dosed with 0.15 mg/kg, respectively. These concentrations are severalfold higher than predicted from the IC50 of FK506 for inhibiting IL-2 production in the whole blood assay. These data suggest that the true potency of FK506 in blood after dosing is influenced by additional factors, which could include plasma protein binding, the presence of active or interfering metabolites, serum interfering factors, and sequestration of drug in blood cells. Our results demonstrate the utility of an undiluted whole blood assay for assessing the duration of immunosuppression in drug-dosed animals and emphasize the importance of assessing drug potency in the whole blood environment ex vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Preventive dental care from a sociological viewpoint].

In this essay the question is examined: Are there tendencies to "medicalisation" in the actual programmes of oral prevention? Medicalisation is interpreted as a subordination of the daily behaviour of clients under control of the medical system. Two possibilities of implementation of oral prophylaxis are discussed: Alternation of a concept of strict supervision and a concept of "oral self-care" emphasising more elements of behavioural self-control and empowerment.

Dental Prophylaxis↗
PubMed1996

Oral health of representative samples of Germans examined in 1989 and 1992.

This paper presents selected results of two recent representative cross sectional studies of oral health in the German population, conducted by the IDZ (Institute of German Dentists) for the old Federal States (the former Federal Republic of Germany) in 1989 (n= 1741) and the new Federal States (the former German Democratic Republic) in 1992 (n=1519). Each epidemiological study reported both clinical and sociological data. The following average DMFT values were determined: for the children aged 8/9 yr: 1.4; for the adolescents aged 13/14 yr: 4.9; for the adults aged 35-44 yr: 16.1; and for the adults aged 45-54 yr: 17.9. These are the overall averages for "Germany West" and "Germany East" combined. The overall results for periodontal health in adults were as follows: CPITN 0: 4.9%; CPITN 1:11.2%; CPITN 2: 24.6%; CPITN 3: 42.7%; and CPITN 4:16.6% for the adults aged 35-44 yr and CPITN 0: 2.4%; CPITN 1: 8.1%; CPITN 2: 20.4%; CPITN 3: 46.8%; and CPITN 4: 22.3% for the adults aged 45-54 yr. The following average tooth loss figures were calculated for Germany as a whole: age group 35-44 yr: 3.9 missing teeth; age group 45-54 yr: 7.7 missing teeth. In addition, all the morbidity data determined have been analysed for statistical significance in the comparison between "West" and "East" Germany. The prevalences presented are also differentiated according to the socioeconomic status (SES) of the subjects, with the lower social strata as a whole showing higher morbidity prevalences. Comparisons show that caries has declined significantly among children and adolescents in Germany in the last 10-15 yr. Finally, the authors recommend the inclusion of qualitative research techniques when studying the differential causation of the inverse correlation between oral morbidity and social status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Changes in the spectrum of the health services contract and effects on general practice, hospitals and clinics--from the viewpoint of the established surgeon].

The provisions of medical care on an outpatient basis, as outlined in section 75 of the German SGB V, and on an inpatient basis, as defined in section 4 of the BPfIV 95, are differentiated quantitatively and qualitatively. Possible developments with regard to patient referral from the general practitioner to the specialist to the hospital, resulting from the introduction of the electronic chip card, are discussed. The potential consequences for the scope of patient care provided by hospitals are pointed out.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1992

Conditioning of drug-induced immunomodulation in human volunteers: a European collaborative study.

Although several studies on conditioning of the immune system in animals have been published, no comparable data on human research have been available in the past. The present paper presents results of conditioning studies in volunteers performed in two research centres, namely the University of Trier (Germany) and the University of Utrecht (The Netherlands). After administration of a neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus: CS), subjects were injected with epinephrine (unconditioned stimulus) for three or four days (depending on study). Subcutaneous injection of epinephrine caused a rapid enhancement of the activity of natural killer cells (NKCA) in venous blood, which was chosen as the unconditioned response. On the test trial, when saline instead of epinephrine was injected, the Trier group found a conditional enhancement of NKCA. No changes in NKCA were found in the control subjects, who received saline injections on all days along with the CS. The Utrecht group tried to replicate these results using a slightly different design. After obtaining non-confirmative results, the Utrecht experimenters tried to parallel the experimental settings of the Trier group as closely as possible. However, once again they failed to replicate the results of the Trier group. Possible reasons for the different results obtained in the two research groups are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Test procedures and social welfare regulation--an assessment of the performance of surgery?].

Test and appeal proceedings in the self-administrating health insurance companies, according to the reform of the public health law of 1.1.1989 (SGB V) Welfare tribunal, namely, state welfare tribunal, and Federal welfare tribunal and its composition and functions. The responsibilities and rights of honorary medical judges in the welfare jurisdiction. A discussion of a possible discrepancy between the demand for economic behavior of the doctor involved in the health-care and the keeping of an up-to-date scientific standard (evaluation). Possibilities of putting medical-scientific arguments into the process of searching a verdict. Perspectives.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1991

[Possibilities and limits for the private surgeon in Germany (private surgical practice in Germany)].

The proportion of all private doctors performing surgery in the FRG (7.7%) and breakdown of service in the areas of general surgery, accident and emergency surgery and vascular surgery in Lower Saxony, FRG. The demands are described made on the skill of the surgeon and on the private hospital are outlined, as is the legal situation with regard to the hospital owner, staff and other private doctors. Also included is information regarding anaesthesia, laboratory and roentgen. Guarantee of presence and the operation catalogue.

General Surgery↗