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Biomedical subjects

J Bellanger

Publications and source records attributed to J Bellanger.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The effect of dietary copper on rat plasma apolipoprotein B, E plasma levels, and apolipoprotein gene expression in liver and intestine.

The plasma levels of apo B and apo E, and the level of hepatic and intestinal mRNA coding for these apolipoproteins were investigated in weanling male rats pair-fed for 6 wk with a control or copper-deficient diet. Plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids were significantly increased, and plasma apo B and apo E levels were also markedly increased in copper-deficient rats as compared to control rats. Copper deficiency significantly increased triglyceride levels and decreased cholesterol levels in the liver. No major differences in the levels of hepatic and intestinal apo B and apo E mRNA occurred between control and copper-deficient rats. These data imply that hypertriglyceridemia dn hypercholesterolemia owing to the copper deficiency are not accompanied by modifications in the gene expression at the mRNA level in the liver and intestine of the apolipoproteins studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Concentration of zinc, copper, selenium and aluminium in nutritive solutions for parenteral administration].

Total parenteral nutrition (TNP) therapy is widely used. However the quantitative requirements or the toxicity of trace elements in parenteral solutions are difficult to assess. This paper deals with a study performed by the Trace Element Commission of the Société Française de Biologie Clinique. Trace metals (zinc, copper, selenium and aluminium) which are mainly involved in TPN solutions are analyzed in 12 different parenteral nutrition solutions commercially available. This multicentric assay (5 different sites of analysis) shows that a slight pollution can be noted for nearly all the solutions examined. But at this level (10 mumol/l for the most concentrated solution), the zinc intake cannot induce any toxicity. For copper and selenium the results indicated a negligible pollution. Small-volume solutions added with zinc, copper and selenium are correctly supplemented. As regard aluminium pollution, 4 solutions among 12 contain non negligible amounts of aluminium. The consequences of this TPN overload especially for young infants, indicate that the struggle against this pollution has to be strengthened.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1989

[Determination of trace elements by an assay using flameless atomic absorption spectrometry].

The authors review the keys parameters of flameless atomic absorption spectrometry trace element determination in biological medium. Contamination during sample collection and analysis are discussed. Treatments of sample are indicated. The different graphite furnaces are reviewed. Interferences and background correction are discussed. Reference samples are quoted.

Chemistry Techniques, Analytical↗
PubMed1988

[Crohn's disease and enteral feeding: comparative nutritional efficacy of elemental and polymeric nutritive mixtures].

The nutritional development with three types of enteral diets during 28 days, was compared in 45 patients with malnutrition presenting an active Crohn's disease. Enteral feeding consisted of a polymeric mixture (Realmentyl) administered in addition to a normal oral diet in 11 patients; the same mixture was administered alone exclusively to 9 patients, and an elemental diet (Vivonex HN) administered exclusively to 25 patients. The total caloric intake reached, in the three groups, the mean values of 60.2, 36.9 and 33.8 kcal/kg of ideal weight/day, respectively. 33 patients also received steroids. At the end of 28 days of enteral diet, the improvement in the weight and the anthropometric measurements (muscle circumference, triceps skinfold) was significantly more marked (gain of 6.5 kg) with the supplemental polymeric mixture than with exclusive enteral diet, polymeric diet (+/- 2.0 kg) or basic (+1.2 kg). Transferrin and albumin plasma levels increased in all 3 groups, but much faster with the exclusive elemental feeding, in spite of a higher urinary urea excretion in these patients. The overall nutritional development was significantly better with supplemental polymeric feeding, and was identical in the two other groups. These results confirm that the supplemental polymeric enteral feeding is more effective, from the nutrition standpoint. With an exclusive enteral feeding, the nutritional result is appreciably the same, whether the mixture consists of polymers or basic elements.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Kaposi's disease in AIDS: 31 cases].

We report 31 cases of AIDS-Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) studied at the Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France, from January 1983 to January 1986. Twenty-nine cases were cutaneous KS and 2 were lymph-node KS. Twenty-eight patients were homosexual or bisexual males, 1 was a woman with transfusion-AIDS and 1 was an intravenous drug-addict; one male had no known risk factor. Thirty were male and 1 female, mean age 35.5 years (+/- 8.4). All were Caucasian and positive for LAV antibodies (Elavia). 17/30 (56.6 p. 100) had a history of syphilis, 16/30 (53.3 p. 100) had a positive TPHA test, 12/30 (40 p. 100) had a history of urethral discharge, 26/31 (87 p. 100) had a history of sexually transmitted disease. 27/30 had antibodies against HBs or HBc. 14/31 (45 p. 100) presented with mild symptoms (fever, loss of weight). 10/28 (36 p. 100) had lymph node enlargement before the first cutaneous lesions of KS developed. Initial involvement included the trunk (32 p. 100), the legs (25 p. 100), the face (21 p. 100) and the lower limbs (11 p. 100). Seventy-one p. 100 of the patients had more than 10 lesions at the initial assessment. The palate was involved in 50 p. 100 of patients, the lymph nodes in 74 p. 100, the stomach in 38 p. 100, the colon in 31 p. 100. In 8 cases pulmonary involvement was present. Altogether, 55 p. 100 of the patients had visceral involvement. Enlargement of the spleen (16 p. 100) and liver (13 p. 100) was also noted. Nineteen p. 100 of the patients had chronic dermatophytic cutaneous infection, 39 p. 100 had oral candidiasis, 32 p. 100 had seborrheic dermatitis, 6 p. 100 had oral hairy leukoplakia and 26 p. 100 had trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole eruption. Fifty-five p. 100 developed opportunistic infection (OI) (Pneumocystis carinii 8 cases, intestinal cryptosporidiosis 6 cases, cerebral toxoplasmosis 4 cases, CMV pulmonary infection 3 cases). In 14 cases KS preceded OI and in 3 cases OI preceded KS. Biological results are shown in tables II and III. Main findings were: mild inflammatory syndrome (ESR 33 +/- 24 mm, first hour), polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia (18.6 g/l +/- 5.8), elevation of plasma factor VIII related antigen (191 +/- 66 U/dl), elevation of serum activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (23.8 +/- 5 nmol/ml/min), low plasmatic cholesterol (3.77 +/- 1.1 mmol/l).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Exclusive elemental enteral diet in cortico-resistant and cortico-dependent forms of Crohn's disease].

The aim of this study was to investigate the value of elemental diet in steroid-resistant and steroid-dependent Crohn's disease. Elemental diet (Vivonex HN, 39.4 +/- 9.2 kcal/kg/d) was delivered through a nasogastric tube at a constant rate. Twenty therapeutic periods lasting from 20 to 74 days (median, 32 days) were undertaken in 18 patients. Elemental diet was well tolerated. Mean values of hemoglobin, serum albumin, and serum transferrin increased significantly through the therapeutic period; body weight and anthropometric data did not change significantly. The short-term response to elemental diet was excellent in 11 cases, demonstrated by achievement of clinical remission and steroid withdrawal; six patients had an incomplete remission and remained slightly active or had to be maintained under low dose steroids; three patients did not respond to therapy and had to be operated upon. During the follow-up (6-30 months), 8 patients out of 17 had a relapse. Relapse was controlled by medical therapy in 5 cases and led to surgery in the 3 other cases. We conclude that elemental diet, as total parenteral nutrition, is an effective therapy of steroid-resistant and steroid-dependent Crohn's disease. However, elemental diet does not prevent relapse.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Malnutrition in chronic radiation enteritis. Study of 100 patients].

The nutritional condition of 100 patients with radiation chronic enteritis was studied and compared with that of a consecutive series of 80 patients hospitalized for digestive disorders. The parameters which were measured (body weight, muscular measurement, triceps skinfold creatinine/height index, albumin, transferrin, cholesterol, lymphocytosis), were all significantly lower in patients with radiotherapy enteritis. Anthropometric parameters and lymphocytes were the most affected. The severity of the denutrition was unrelated to the duration of the radiotherapy, the presence of an associated post-radiotherapy involvement of the colon or the urinary tract, a neoplastic recurrence, possible past-history of small bowel surgery; on the contrary, it was related to the extension of actinic lesions on the small bowel and to the presence of subocclusive manifestations. The subsequent evolution at 6 months was most often complicated or unfavorable in patients presenting a severe denutrition. Therefore, denutrition is frequent and severe in the course of post-radiotherapy chronic enteritis and is associated with a more guarded prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Life experiences in Crohn's disease. Study by questionnaire].

203 patients suffering from Crohn's disease were interviewed by questionnaire about the repercussion of the disease in their school, professional, and familial life. This study, conducted in 3 centers, shows that these patients usually experience little difficulty during their school attendance, and that they succeed, in the majority of the cases, in adjusting to their professional life. This adjustment appears, however, more problematical as far their leisures are concerned.

Activities of Daily Living↗