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Biomedical subjects

J Bellows

Publications and source records attributed to J Bellows.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

The initial impact of a workplace lead-poisoning prevention project.

The California Department of Health Services began an occupational lead poisoning prevention project in cooperation with 275 radiator service companies. The agency developed and marketed resources to facilitate companies' own efforts, tracked the progress of each company, and urged the companies to conduct blood lead testing. Testing by participating employers increased from 9% to 95%, and 10 times as many companies with likely overexposures were identified as had been reported to the state's lead registry in the previous year. The success of this project indicates that the model should be applied more extensively.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1993

Radiographic signs and diagnosis of dental disease.

Dental radiographs are critical for the complete assessment and treatment of dental diseases. Dental radiography is commonly used to evaluate congenital dental defects, periodontal disease, orthodontic manipulations, oral tumors, endodontic treatments, oral trauma, and any situation where an abnormality is suspected. Although standard radiographic equipment and film can be used to produce dental radiographs, dental X-ray equipment and film provide superior quality images and greater convenience of animal patient positioning. An understanding of normal dental radiographic anatomy is important when interpreting dental radiographs. Stage III periodontitis is the earliest stage of periodontal disease at which radiographic abnormalities become apparent. Bone loss associated with periodontal disease can be classified as either horizontal or vertical. Periapical radiolucencies can represent granulomas, cysts, or abscesses, whereas periapical radiodensities may represent sclerotic bone or condensing osteitis. Lytic lesions of the bone of the jaw often represent oral neoplasms. Neoplasms also can displace or disrupt teeth in the dental arch. Resorptive lesions can be external or internal and appear as radiolucent areas involving the external surface of the root or the pulp cavity, respectively. Feline dental resorptive lesions, also known as odontoclastic resorptions, are a specific form of dental resorptive lesions unique to cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Influence of dietary menhaden oil on the enzymes metabolizing drugs and carcinogens.

Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids enhance activation of constitutive and induced forms of enzymes of endoplasmic reticulum responsible for drug and carcinogen metabolism. The current report demonstrates that diets containing 10% or 20% refined menhaden fish oil that contains high concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids also supports these enzymes in a manner similar to that of oils that contain high concentrations of the omega-6 fatty acid linoleate. Cytosolic glutathione S-transferase was unaffected by dietary menhaden oil. However, ingestion of increasing concentrations of menhaden oil increased hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 content and the apparent Vmax for ethylmorphine N-demethylase, N-nitrosodimethylamine (DMN) N-demethylase, and benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] hydroxylase. Feeding menhaden oil increased the Km for ethylmorphine N-demethylase, and decreased Km's for DMN N-demethylase and B(a)P hydroxylase. Phenobarbital induced glutathione S-transferase activity only in rats fed 10% or 20% menhaden oil. Ethylmorphine N-demethylase was induced by only 25% by phenobarbital in rats refed the fat-free diet compared to 128% in rats refed the 20% menhaden oil. In contrast, DMN N-demethylase was induced only in rats fed the fat-free diet. B(a)P hydroxylase was induced in all rats regardless of the level of dietary fat. The specific activity of cytochrome P-450 for the metabolism of DMN and B(a)P, however, was significantly reduced in menhaden oil-fed animals by phenobarbital. This coupled with the increased Km for these reactions may have significant effects on the in vivo activation of these carcinogens in animals fed menhaden oil and subjected to dietary inducers of the mixed function oxidases.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of dietary corn oil in the function of hepatic drug and carcinogen metabolizing enzymes of starved-refed rats: response to the mixed function oxidase inducer, 3-methylcholanthrene.

Hepatic microsomes from rats starved 48 hours and refed diets containing zero, 3 or 20% corn oil metabolized benzo(a)pyrene, aniline and N-nitrosodimethylamine in proportion to the quantity of corn oil in the diet. No diet-related changes in apparent Km for these reactions were evident. The content of microsomal cytochrome P-450 was also clearly dependent upon the content of corn oil in the refed diets. When metabolism of these three substrates is expressed as product formed per unit of cytochrome P-450, the activities are least in microsomes from rats fed the 20% corn oil diet, suggesting that P-450 species responsible for metabolizing substrates other than these are enhanced preferentially. Cytosolic glutathione S-transferase activities are also increased with increasing corn oil in the diet. The administration of 3-MC increased cytochrome P-448 content of microsomes from all rats, regardless of diet, however highest content was present in microsomes from rats fed the 20% corn oil diet. Induction of benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase was not influenced by dietary corn oil and, as anticipated, 3-MC caused significant repression of DMN N-demethylase in microsomes from rats fed the 20% corn oil diet. In like manner, 3-MC induced glutathione S-transferase only in cytosol from rats fed the fat-free diet.

Animals↗