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Biomedical subjects

J Benoit

Publications and source records attributed to J Benoit.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Amniostat-FLM: an initial clinical trial with both vaginal pool and amniocentesis samples.

Amniostat-FLM, a new rapid slide agglutination test, was compared with thin-layer chromatography as a method for detecting phosphatidylglycerol in amniotic fluid. This is the first reported use of Amniostat-FLM to evaluate vaginal pool and contaminated vaginal pool amniotic fluid. One hundred one of 161 amniotic fluid samples were collected from the vaginal pool. Thirty-nine of these were contaminated. Vaginal pool amniotic fluid, whether contaminated or not, did not adversely effect the ease of performance, reliability, or interpretation of Amniostat-FLM. This test seems ideally suited to institutions where 24-hour availability of thin-layer chromatography is not available. In institutions where it is available, Amniostat-FLM could be used as a screening test. Amniostat-FLM was found to be significantly less sensitive when compared with thin-layer chromatography in detecting the presence of phosphatidylglycerol. At our institution the screening of amniotic fluid samples with Amniostat-FLM before use of thin-layer chromatography was only cost effective at greater than or equal to 34 weeks of gestation.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1984

Aluminum in the joint tissues of chronic renal failure patients treated with regular hemodialysis and aluminum compounds.

We studied the concentrations of aluminum in the articular tissues of 5 hemodialysed patients treated with aluminum compounds. Aluminum crosses the synovial barrier, is found in synovial fluid (SF) and accumulates in the joint structures (synovial membrane and joint cartilage). The concentrations found in synovial tissue were 2.7 to 10 times control values, in SF 2.5 to 8 times the control concentrations and in cartilage 2.6 times the control concentrations. Transmission electron microscopy showed localization of aluminum in the lysosomal structures and wavelength dispersive microprobe analysis showed aluminum in cellular components associated with phosphate. The possible toxicity of aluminum to joints merits further investigations.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1983

[Complex injuries of the upper end of the 2 forearm bones].

Thirty-four cases of severe trauma to the proximal ends of both bones of the forearm have been seen. All were treated surgically. A classification is proposed related to the site of the ulnar fracture. Type I is metaphyseal and the displacement is posterior, the reverse of that of a Monteggia fracture, with a posterior dislocation of the superior radio-ulnar joint. Type II is epiphyseal with anterior displacement. The superior radio-ulnar joint is intact. Type III is metaphysio-epiphyseal with anterior displacement. Type IV is the same with posterior displacement. Fractures of the radial head are present in all cases with posterior displacement and in these types, secondary displacements and non-unions are frequent (six cases). These were related to inadequate fixation of the ulna and to resection of the radial head which led to an increased strain on the ulnar fracture. Severe limitation of movements was infrequent (five cases) and was usually seen in fractures with posterior displacement. It was related to the time of cast immobilization and to the fracture of the radial head. Fractures with anterior displacement and an associated fracture of the radial head were rare but had a better prognosis in spite of the intra-articular site of the fracture. The relevance of repair of the radial column is stressed as being as important as stable fixation of the ulnar fracture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Arthroscopic meniscectomies. Short- and median-term results].

Two hundred and forty arthroscopic meniscectomies have been performed between 1980 and 1982. One hundred and ninety-eight cases have been reviewed with a follow up of between 3 and 6 months and 101 cases were reviewed with a follow up of between 6 months and 2 years. On eight occasions the arthroscopy had to be completed by an arthrotomy and one of these became septic. No sepsis was observed in the absence of arthrotomy. Three cases of phlebitis and one haemarthrosis were seen. Social and functional rehabilitation was very rapid. The stay in hospital was 2 days and resumption of sport and work was 2 or 3 times more rapid than after meniscectomy by arthrotomy. The results were excellent or good in 85 p. 100 of cases, slightly better than after arthrotomy. The prognosis was worse when there were patellar or tibio-femoral chondral lesions, and the results were not as good in lateral meniscus lesions, and particularly when there was an associated lesion of the anterior cruciate ligament. However, two patients out of three with this condition were noticeably improved. The remainder will possibly have a secondary repair of the anterior cruciate ligament. The present follow up is not sufficient to evaluate long-term results but the fact that meniscectomy was partial in 3 cases out of 4 supports the hope that the results will be stable. It is only later that it will be possible to evaluate the unobserved lesions or the incidence of recurrence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[An experimental study of the stability of Hoffmann's external fixation (author's transl)].

The authors have tested the stability of Hoffmann fixation in relation to the number and location of the fixating pins. A double frame configuration as described by Vidal is not superior since it allows some mobility in the plane of flexion and extension. The authors believe that a double perpendicular plane configuration is more satisfactory without the use of a transfixing pin. This method is more stable. To improve stability in valgus-varus plane, the authors have designed a device which is more rigid and which decreases by 300 per cent any residual mobility at the fracture site. A newly designed plate allows good fixation in the epiphysis. The first clinical cases in which this new fixator has been used have given promising results.

Epiphyses↗
PubMed1982

[Radiological assessment of knee deformity in the frontal plane (author's transl)].

The radiological assessment of knee deformity in the frontal plane is often fallacious because of the difficulty in determining the correct position of rotation of the lower limb. Deformity is under-estimated when the direction of the X-ray is not perpendicular to the frontal plane. To determine the frontal plane with accuracy the authors first looked for a true lateral view which is obtained when the posterior margins of the femoral condyles are superimposed. When the position of the patient has been determined by demonstrating the true lateral position, a second radiograph is taken using a large film in a plane at right angles to the preceding film. In this way a true frontal plane is obtained which requires no reference to the position of the foot or the patella which tends to be variable. An association flexion deformity does not invalidate the result. When this technique is used it can be shown that conventional methods tend to under-estimate the degree of knee deformity.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

[The depth of the patellar groove of the femur (author's transl)].

The authors have measured the depth of the patellar groove in a 100 human cadavers. An angle of about 143 degrees have been found to be present in normal knees, confirming the work of Brattström. When the angle was more than 150 degrees, the groove was considered to be dysplastic and likely to lead to patellar instability. In contrast when the angle was less than 138 degrees, the groove was thought to be excessively deep. This was present in 19 cases, in 13 of which there were obvious lesions of the articular cartilage. This study in cadavers has been confirmed by a scan study of 148 patients complaining of femoro-patellar syndrome. Deep patellar grooves were frequent in this series, the mean angle being 129 degrees. 80 p. 100 of the patients had an angle less than 135 degrees. It is concluded that deep patellar grooves with a lower angle than normal favour the development of patellar chondromalacia.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1981

[Complimentary surgical procedures following treatment of non-union by the Papineau method (author's transl)].

The authors have treated 82 non-unions by the Papineau method of bone grafting without skin closure. In 30 cases, a complimentary bone procedure had to be performed to reinforce bone union. This consisted of a new Papineau procedure in 18 cases and an iliac graft with skin closure in 12 cases. Infection recurred in several instances. In addition to these 30 cases, 3 secondary fractures were seen. In cases with persistently depressed scars, a fresh Papineau procedure may be needed. In cases with persistent skin ulceration, resection and skin suture should be tried before a cross-leg skin graft. The authors emphasize the frequency of vascular changes which should be looked for by arteriography.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Deformities of the feet after Volkmann's ischemia in the lower limb (author's transl)].

The authors have observed 11 cases of Volkmann's ischemia in the lower limb. The main deformity was of equinus. 10 patients were operated on. In 8 cases, arthrolysis was performed with good results in 7 cases. In 2 cases an ankle arthrodesis was done with one good result and one secondary amputation. The surgical technique of the arthrolysis is described. In most of the cases, tendon lengthenings, capsulotomy and fixation with an external fixator was required. This device was tolerated and it is concluded that it is worthwhile in severe ischaemic syndrome and that arthrolysis is preferred to arthrodesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Streptococcal gangrene. A report on 9 cases (author's transl)].

The authors have treated 9 cases of streptococcal gangrene of the limbs. They describe the clinical features:local oedema, erythema, and cyanotic spots. In 7 of the cases the infected general condition was very severe. At operation, the subcutaneous soft tissues were grey-green without pus. The authors have reviewed the literature and consider that treatment should be based on early excision of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. Antibiotics are of great help but are not sufficient by themselves. Nine patients reached a stable state but sequelae have been severe with one disarticulation of the shoulder, one ankylosis of the wrist, one ankylosis of the knee and one generalised stiffness of the hand. Only five patients have been completely cured.

Adult↗