We conducted a 10 year review of the literature pertaining to psychopharmacology and mental retardation. Studies were included or excluded from the review based on meeting one or more of the methodological criteria normally considered fundamental for sound scientific research. The vast majority of studies conducted in the last 10 years in this area had major methodological flaws. While a large number of medications were prescribed for various psychological disorders and behavior problems, most drug administrations were not based in science, were not evaluated appropriately, and generally did not follow best practices for treatment of persons with mental retardation. Very few medications prescribed were behavior or psychiatric symptom specific; that is, most medications were given to suppress a myriad of aberrant behaviors thus chemically restraining the individual in question. Practices such as these present serious problems for service providers due to the deleterious side effects of many psychotropic medications and the federal government's intervention into the care-provision practices of developmental centers, community homes, and other living arrangements for persons with mental retardation. Implications of our review are discussed.

Aggression↗

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Reliability of the Matson Evaluation of Drug Side Effects Scale (MEDS).

The potential negative effects of psychoactive medication are well documented. Given the high rate of their use in persons with mental retardation, the need to assess and identify these negative effects is great. The Matson Evaluation of Drug Side Effects (MEDS) was designed to evaluate commonly identified side effects with a psychometrically sound checklist. The initial psychometric properties of this scale are presented and discussed. An examination of interrater reliability and internal consistency revealed that the MEDS has excellent consistency across raters and good internal consistency. Potential uses for the scale and directions for future research are reviewed as well.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The development of a reinforcer choice assessment scale for persons with severe and profound mental retardation.

Reinforcement is a cornerstone for treating adaptive skills and eliminating problem behaviors for persons evincing mental retardation. To effectively use reinforcement, professionals must find reinforcers that are most effective for each individual. Establishing reinforcers is particularly important for persons functioning in the severe and profound ranges of mental retardation as reinforcers are often difficult to identify in this population. The current study aimed at developing a reinforcer rating scale that-would have applicability on a broad clinical basis, looking specifically at the psychometric properties of the scale.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevention of alcoholism in schools].

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Alcoholism↗