Biomedical subjects

J Bischkopf

Publications and source records attributed to J Bischkopf.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

[Wishes of nursing home residents concerning their life situation--results of a qualitative study].

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the wishes of nursing home residents concerning their life situation in the nursing home. METHODS: Using a qualitative study design, a representative sample of nursing home residents (n = 1656) of 24 nursing homes in a city situated in the eastern part of Germany were interviewed. RESULTS: The analyses of residents' wishes lead to major domains such as the quality of care, interpersonal contact, architecture and organization of the house, diversification, financial support, as well as themes like health and death and the wish to leave the nursing home. Residents focus on an individualized approach to care. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing home residents' views support the need to improve the psychological and social aspects of the quality of care. Implications of and consequences for the organization of care and concepts of nursing are discussed.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Subclassifications for mild cognitive impairment: prevalence and predictive validity.

BACKGROUND: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. Recently published results of the Current Concepts in MCI Conference suggested subclassifications for MCI (MCI-amnestic, MCI-multiple domains slightly impaired, MCI-single nonmemory domain) based on the recognized heterogeneity in the use of the term. These subclassifications have not been empirically validated to date. METHOD: A community sample of 1045 dementia-free individuals aged 75 years and over was examined by neuropsychological testing in a three-wave longitudinal study. The prevalences and the predictive validities for the subclassifications of MCI and their modifications (original criteria except for the report of subjective decline in cognitive function) were determined. RESULTS: The prevalence was 1 to 15% depending on the subset employed. Subjects with a diagnosis of MCI progressed to dementia at a rate of 10 to 55% over 2.6 years, depending on the subset employed. MCI-amnestic achieved the highest positive predictive power (PPP). ROC curves of the subclassifications for MCI indicate that all but one subset for MCI failed to predict dementia (MCI-multiple domains slightly impaired-modified: AUC=0.585, P<0.01, 95% CI, 0.517-0.653). The use of modified criteria for MCI (original criteria except for the report of subjective decline in cognitive function) is associated with a higher diagnostic sensitivity but also with a reduction in diagnostic specificity and PPP. CONCLUSIONS: Modified criteria should be applied if a concept for MCI with a high sensitivity is required and the original criteria (including subjective cognitive complaint) if a concept with high specificity and high PPP is required.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Mild cognitive impairment: prevalence and predictive validity according to current approaches.

OBJECTIVES: Mild cognitive impairment is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. However, there is no consensus on diagnostic criteria and different concepts have rarely been evaluated in population-based samples. This paper compares the prevalences and predictive validities for different concepts in a population-based study. The aim was to identify a concept with the best relation of sensitivity and specificity in the prediction of dementia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A community sample of 1045 dementia-free individuals aged 75 years and over was examined by neuropsychological testing in a three-wave longitudinal study. RESULTS: Prevalence rates ranged from 3 to 36% according to the concept applied. Conversion rates to dementia over 2.6 years ranged from 23 to 47%. In addition, receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that all but one concept for mild cognitive impairment could predict dementia. CONCLUSION: Mild cognitive impairment is very frequent in older people. Prevalences and predictive validities are highly dependent on the diagnostic criteria applied.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

Mild cognitive impairment--a review of prevalence, incidence and outcome according to current approaches.

OBJECTIVE: Mild cognitive impairment is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. However, agreement needs to be reached on clearly specified diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment. The present paper critically reviews the different constructs of mild cognitive impairment on the basis of the available empirical evidence. METHOD: All published papers on mild cognitive impairment during the last 15 years on Medline and other databases were reviewed. RESULTS: Age-specific prevalence and incidence rates according to the different constructs as well as the prognostic significance of the different constructs concerning the development of dementia are reported. Furthermore, a brief summary of recent research on possible risk factors for a negative course of mild cognitive impairment is provided. CONCLUSION: As there is no construct to date that pools all efforts of defining mild cognitive impairment, the review provides suggestions for an agreement on constructive terminology and research practice.

Aging↗

PubMed2002

[Financial burden on spouses of patients suffering from schizophrenia, depression or anxiety disorder].

The aim of this study was to compare financial burden of spouses, whose relative suffers from schizophrenia, depression or anxiety disorder. 151 spouses filled in the questionnaire about illness related expenses and financial loss. Additionally they estimate their subjective burden according to these experienced costs. Direct cash expenditures on behalf of the patients' illness were reported by 66 % spouses. In the sampling the amount of spent money did not differ statistically, however spouses of patients with anxiety disorder emphasised experiencing financial strain and described more often subjective economic disadvantages. Although most spouses of patients with psychiatric disorders experience illness related financial disadvantages, these costs were usually not considered as serious problem or as burdensome. Based on a subjective hierarchy of burdens financial problems can be regarded as less important for spouses of patients with mental illness. Thus, not only the material, but also the immaterial costs of care giving spouses should be taken into consideration when planning health policy decisions.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

["The illness has totally changed our lives"--stress in partners of schizophrenic patients at the onset of illness].

OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: The aim of this study was to investigate how spouses of schizophrenic patients experience the onset of the disease. Based on the narrative analysis of 23 in-depth interviews, the article highlights different aspects of this stressful life event. RESULTS: The first episode of a schizophrenic disorder leads to severe distress in the spouse of the patient. Emotions of fear, despair and loss of control are especially pronounced if spouses feel that neither their information about the disease nor their supportive resources are sufficient. The illness is often viewed as an existential threat to marriage and family life. DISCUSSION: Supportive services for spouses of schizophrenic patients should be offered very closely to the onset of schizophrenia, because the situation is especially burdensome in this period. Interventions should meet the particular needs of spouses. In addition to information about the illness and coping strategies intervention programs should consider issues which are relevant for partnership and parenting roles.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2001

[Stress of family caregivers of psychiatric patients. Developmental trends, concepts and results of research].

OBJECTIVE: A review of the findings in the research literature on the effect of mental illness on other members of the patient's family is provided. This article critically examines the research to date with special reference to the conceptual and operational definitions of burden and methodological issues. RESULTS: The burdens of caring for a patient at home are considerable throughout different patient groups. Relatives' experience of burden is influenced by their cognitive appraisal of the situation and their psychosocial resources of coping with it. Research findings suggest that information and support provided by clinicians can alleviate caregiver burden, although it has been used too rarely in clinical routine. CONCLUSIONS: Finally, the review identifies advances made in this line of research in recent years and highlights areas that need further attention in future research work. Systematic research of families' responses to and management of mental illness should move beyond the more global concept of family and address the great diversity among families with mentally ill relatives. Furthermore, given the lack of consensus regarding the theoretical conceptualizing of the burden concept a new framework with reference to stressrelated research is suggested.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Educational needs among spouses of depressive patients and their illness models of depression].

BACKGROUND: Psychoeducational workshops for families of depressive patients emphasize the provision of information about the patient's illness and methods of coping with it effectively. However, intervention programmes for the specific needs of patients' spouses are rare. To further explore the situation of patients' spouses we examined how spouses of depressive patients view illness behaviour and what kind of further information they need. METHOD: Interview data from 54 spouses of patients with unipolar depression were analysed as part of the baseline assessment of a study on the economic and health burden experienced by families with mentally ill relatives. RESULTS: Results are discussed in terms of the consequences of spouses' illness models for designing psychoeducational workshops for the families of depressive patients. The results document the great need for negotiated partnership between families and professionals. Furthermore, the need for educating the public about the disorder and its psychosocial costs for the patients' families is highlighted.

Adaptation, Psychological↗