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Biomedical subjects

J Boakes

Publications and source records attributed to J Boakes.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

False complaints of sexual assault: recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse.

False complaints are easily made and carry serious consequences for the accused. Many of those who make false claims sincerely believe the truth of what they report. Some are opportunistic and are consciously lying for personal gain. A special type of false allegation, the false memory syndrome, arises typically within therapy. People report the 'recovery' of memories of previously unknown childhood sexual abuse. The influence of practitioners' beliefs and practices in the eliciting of false 'memories' and of false complaints cannot be overlooked. The problems of diagnosis, issues of confidentiality and the role of the expert witness as court educator are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Does methocarbamol affect fatigue markers in the low-back electromyogram?

Many low-back patients undergo electromyography (EMG)-based evaluations of muscle performance but present to the clinic after being prescribed muscle relaxants. The question that needed to be addressed was, do centrally acting muscle relaxants (methocarbamol; Robaxin) affect the EMG spectral indices of muscle fatigue that are often used to assess muscle performance. Participants performed an isometric spine extension protocol involving a 30 s fatigue exertion trial, then 1 min rest, and finally a 10 s long repeat exertion trial, at a 60% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) level of exertion. Seven men were tested on two separate days (approximately 3-7 days apart), one day while medicated (six doses) with Robaxin and on another while not medicated. Specifically, the following parameters were studied in the bilateral multifidus (L5), lower erector spinae (L3) and upper erector spinae (T9): the slope of median power frequencies (MPFs) over the duration of the trial and the initial y-intercept of the MPF. The results generally suggest that methocarbamol (Robaxin) does not have any significant affect on the EMG median power frequency of the extensors during a fatiguing contraction followed by a repeat exertion, at least in normal people (one exception was observed--one side of multifidus at L5). However, given that this appears to be the first study of its kind, and that a relatively small number of subjects were used in this study, further investigation is needed to make a definitive conclusion about the effects of this drug on the several features of the electromyogram, over a broad spectrum of the clinical population performing a wider variety of tasks.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse. Implications for clinical practice.

BACKGROUND: The growth in the USA of 'recovered memory therapy' for past sexual abuse has caused great public and professional concern. It became apparent that the polarisation of views and fierce controversy within the American psychiatric community was in danger of bringing psychotherapy into disrepute and it seemed important to examine objectively the scientific evidence before such polarisation developed in the UK. METHOD: A small working group reviewed their own experience, visited meetings and centres with expertise in this field, interviewed 'retractors' and accused parents, and then began a comprehensive review of the literature. RESULTS: There is a vast literature but little acceptable research. Opinions are expressed with great conviction but often unsupported by evidence. CONCLUSIONS: The issue of false or recovered memories should not be allowed to confuse the recognition and treatment of sexually abused children. We concluded that when memories are 'recovered' after long periods of amnesia, particularly when extraordinary means were used to secure the recovery of memory, there is a high probability that the memories are false, i.e. of incidents that had not occurred. Some guidelines which should enable practitioners to avoid the pitfalls of memory recovery are offered.

Art Therapy↗
PubMed1987

What motivates medical students: how they see themselves and their profession.

This paper describes a repertory grid study of medical students' perceptions of medicine and its specialties. By sampling student attitudes at different stages of training, the authors show that in this sample, final-year medical students have a more vocational out-look than first-year students, in whom concern with relief of suffering is more important than aiming at cure and in whom materialistic success matters less than doing something 'important for mankind.' This is reflected in a shift of interest away from the surgical specialties.

Aspirations, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of caudal epidural anesthesia in clubfoot surgery.

We reviewed records of 31 children who had surgical release of 41 clubfeet under general anesthesia with supplemental caudal epidural anesthesia. Compared to an equivalent group of 27 children (39 feet), the caudal epidural group exhibited a statistically significant decrease in intraoperative narcotic requirement. One child had a bloody tap, and caudal epidural anesthesia was abandoned, but there were no other complications. Excellent postoperative pain relief persisted for > or = 8 h. Twenty-five of 31 caudal epidural patients were discharged safely on the same day as surgery without any surgical complications. Use of caudal epidural supplementation and outpatient surgery (where indicated) met with a high degree of parent satisfaction. Cost savings of outpatient clubfoot surgery, when compared to overnight stay, were disappointingly low.

Analgesics, Opioid↗