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Biomedical subjects

J Boel

Publications and source records attributed to J Boel.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Relations between the occurrence of resistance to antimicrobial growth promoters among Enterococcus faecium isolated from broilers and broiler meat.

From 1995 to 2001, Enterococcus faecium isolates were collected from broiler flocks at slaughter and broiler meat products at retail outlets and were tested for susceptibility to classes of antimicrobials used for growth promotion in broilers in Denmark, namely: evernimicin, glycopeptide, macrolide and streptogramin. By February 1998, all antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) were withdrawn from the Danish broiler production. The present study investigates, by logistic regression analyses, the (1) changes in the occurrence of AGP resistance among E. faecium from broilers and broiler meat from the fourth quarter of 1995 to the fourth quarter of 2001 and (2) relations between the occurrence of AGP resistance among E. faecium isolates from Danish broilers and AGP resistance among E. faecium isolates from the broiler meat of Danish and unknown origin collected in the same quarter within the year. In the present study, we showed that after the AGP withdrawal, a significant decline in resistance to avilamycin, erythromycin, vancomycin and virginiamycin was observed among E. faecium from broilers and broiler meat. In addition, a decline in the occurrence of AGP resistance among E. faecium from Danish broilers was associated with a decrease in the predicted probability of isolating an AGP-resistant E. faecium isolate from a randomly selected broiler meat product. In the analyses "relations between the occurrence of AGP resistance among E. faecium isolated from broilers and broiler meat collected in the same quarter" errors in the explanatory variable were expected. Therefore, a simulation study was performed to validate the results from logistic regression analyses. The results obtained by the two methods were similar.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of a monoclonal antibody able to detect live Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua.

A monoclonal Listeria antibody, designated B4, was evaluated. The ability of the antibody to bind to viable bacteria belonging to Listeria spp. compared to bacteria of the same species killed by heat treatment, acid or base treatment, sanitizers, and irradiation was examined. The antibody was found to react with viable L. monocytogenes and L. innocua, but not with heat-killed (72 degrees C, 5 min) strains of these organisms. When L. monocytogenes and L. innocua were killed by methods other than heat treatment, it was ambiguous whether the antibody detected the organism or not. It was concluded that the B4 antibody has potential to be used in an immuno capture step to capture live L. monocytogenes and L. innocua from foods prior to identification of L. monocytogenes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical result after Leeds-Keio reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament].

Seventeen patients with rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament and chronic instability were treated with the Leeds-Keio Dacron ligament system. The post-operative treatment included 15 weeks of immobilisation (five weeks with fixed knee, five weeks with 30-80 degrees of flexion and five weeks with 0-90 degrees of flexion). Muscular exercise were started after 5 weeks. They were submitted to clinical examination approximately 30 months (13-50) after implantation. The Lysholm-scoring was: excellent-good: 70%, fair: 6%, poor: 24%. These rather disappointing results could be explained by the regime: poor muscular strength and rehabilitation, long preoperative observation period and long post-operative immobilisation. We found a high frequency of rupture of the Leeds-Keio ligament system (18%) and fear, with reference to the literature, that it might increase with time. Rupture and loss of tension result in loss of stability and reactive synovitis. Though the material is small, we conclude that this regime can not be recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Interest and possibilities of performing post-operative registration of wound infections in Danish orthopaedic departments. A study survey.

Surgical wound infections, like other nosocomial infections, represent a considerable burden on both the individual patient and society. As the direct result of the operation is less than optimal, and there is a considerable economic wastage. A questionnaire survey including all 69 surgical departments in Denmark was implemented. The present study indicates interest in continuous post-operative infection surveillance in 81% of the 52 answering Danish surgical departments, where orthopaedic surgery is carried out. Only about the half of the wards had financial possibilities to buy computer hardware and software for continuous registration. In Denmark only between one third and one half of the wards had prior experience with registration systems. None of the wards used the same system, and in a very few cases the registration was continuous, definitions were different and the amount of data registered varied considerably. The survey indicates the importance of establishment of uniform registration criteria and the Danish chief surgeons will accept criteria defined by a working group within the Danish Orthopedic Society. An expanded registration system developed by this working party was preferred over a 'simple' minimum data base system. Most departments wanted local registration only, and doctors and secretaries in unison should perform the daily registration.

Denmark↗
PubMed1985

Increased hepatic microsomal enzyme activity after surgery under halothane or spinal anesthesia.

Thirty-two fit patients scheduled for explorative arthrotomy of the knee were allocated randomly to either halothane/oxygen anesthesia or spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine 0.25 mg X kg-1. The day before and 1, 10, and 21 days after surgery, the aminopyrine breath test (ABT) was performed. The day before and 5, 10, and 21 days after surgery, the antipyrine clearance (APcl) was measured by the single sample saliva technique. The ABT as well as the APcl were increased significantly postoperatively (P less than 0.01). The day after surgery the ABT was increased by 13 +/- 21% in the spinal anesthesia group only, whereas a late increase by 14 +/- 31% was found in the halothane group. Five days after surgery, the APcl was increased by 36 +/- 45% in the spinal anesthesia group and by 21 +/- 28% in the halothane group. Both tests returned to base line values within 3 weeks postoperatively. In five volunteers following the same sampling scheme but receiving bupivacaine 0.25 mg X kg-1 im without surgery, no change in the ABT or the APcl was observed. The authors conclude that surgery may cause microsomal enzyme induction regardless of the anesthetic agent or technique used. The mechanism of this induction remains to be elucidated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Hepatic drug metabolism and physical fitness.

Physical fitness, as expressed by maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max), was measured in 14 subjects before and during physical education consisting of 4 to 8 hr of daily physical training. Mean pulse rate during training was 115 bpm. After 3 mo of physical training, Vo2max increased a mean 6% (range -5% to +23%). Corresponding mean increases in hepatic drug metabolism, as expressed by the metabolism of the model drugs antipyrine and aminopyrine, were 12% (range -12% to +59%) and 13% (range -21% to +47%). Changes in the two groups were still present 6 mo after physical education. There was only a moderately close but nonetheless significant correlation (r = 0.7) between the extent of change in Vo2max and the corresponding relative change in antipyrine metabolism during the 3-mo period of this investigation. The correlation between oxygen uptake and aminopyrine metabolism (r = 0.6) was slightly less and was not significant. Improved physical fitness associated with enhanced drug metabolism may lead to changes in drug efficacy and drug toxicity that may be clinically important in the case of drugs with low therapeutic indices.

Adult↗