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Biomedical subjects

J Bogaerts

Publications and source records attributed to J Bogaerts.

87 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Treatment of severe bacillary dysentery with trimethoprim alone.

Trimethoprim (300 mg twice daily for five days) and co-trimoxazole (two tablets twice daily for five days) were compared as treatment for adult patients with severe shigellosis in Rwanda. Excellent bacteriological and clinical results were obtained with both regimens, with the exception of patients infected with a trimethoprim-resistant strain of Shigella dysenteriae type 1. Since only 20 patients were investigated, the conclusions of our study do not reach statistical significance. Before recommending trimethoprim as standard therapy for shigellosis, the validity of our results should be tested in a larger trial and the long-term ecological consequences of monotherapy carefully monitored.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1984

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Rwanda.

To evaluate acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in central Africa a prospective study was done in Kigali, Rwanda, where Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is endemic. During a 4 week period, 26 patients (17 males and 9 females) were diagnosed. 16 patients had opportunistic infections, associated with KS in only 2; 1 had multifocal KS alone; and 9 had clinical conditions consistent with prodromes of AIDS. All patients had severe T-cell defects characterised by cutaneous anergy, a striking decrease in the number of helper T cells, and a decreased OKT4:OKT8 ratio (mean 0.27). 21 of the 22 adult patients were living in urban centres and many of them were in the middle to upper income bracket. Most of the men were promiscuous heterosexuals and 43% of the females were prostitutes. No patient had a history of homosexuality, intravenous drug abuse, or transfusion in the previous 5 years. This study suggests that AIDS is present in central Africa as an entity probably unrelated to the well-known endemic African KS. An association of an urban environment, a relatively high income, and heterosexual promiscuity could be a risk factor for AIDS in Africa.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Severe multiresistant Salmonella typhimurium systemic infections in Central Africa--clinical features and treatment in a paediatric department.

During a 21-month period, we observed an outbreak of severe systemic infections due to multiresistant Salmonella typhimurium among 66 children in the in-patient Department of Paediatrics of Kigali, Rwanda. These infections were more likely to occur in subjects who had stayed for a long time in the hospital for severe illness and/or malnutrition. The children usually presented first with mild to moderate diarrhoea and fever. Later, sever pulmonary involvement was often noted (rales: 58%; respiratory distress: 42%). Moreover, there were four cases of abscess, three arthritis and one meningitis. Of the 66 children, 48 were treated with cefotaxime. The fatality-rate among this group was 10.4%. The fatality-rate among the 18 other untreated patients was 77.9%, suggesting a high efficiency of cefotaxime against these strains of multiresistant Salm. typhimurium.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

Cryptosporidium spp., a frequent cause of diarrhea in Central Africa.

Cryptosporidium oocysts were present in 20 (10.4%) of 193 Rwandese children and in 3 (3.0%) of 100 adults with diarrhea. In four of the children and in one adult, Cryptosporidium was associated with other enteric pathogens. The higher incidence of Cryptosporidium in diarrheic children was statistically significant. The parasite was not found in 94 formed stools submitted for parasitological examination. The mean age of the Cryptosporidium-positive children was 13.3 months. In four children, Cryptosporidium was associated with severe malnutrition. All of those required rehydration, and one child died as a direct consequence of severe diarrhea. The three adult patients showed no recognizable immunodeficiency, and their diarrhea resolved spontaneously. Staining with 1% safranin was not only more simple and rapid but also more sensitive than the modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Comparative assays of various methods of medullary analgesia. Use of opiates (author's transl)].

Various methods of medullary analgesia are suggested using either the peridural or the subarachnoid technique. Spinal analgesia is much in demand in anaesthesia, in post-operative care or for the alleviation of chronic, mainly neoplastic, pain. Anaesthesia is obtained with a local anaesthetic acting at the level of the membrane. The adjunction of an opiate, acting at the level of the medullary morphinic receptors, enhances local anaesthesia both in depth and duration. This association allows lesser concentrations and volumes of drugs to be used. Various opiates have been tested: their effect depends on the type of administration (I. V., intra-medullary). In the case of intra-medullary injection these is also a difference in the action of the drug according to the technique used (peridural or subarachnoid). The meningeal barrier plays a major function, preventing the diffusion and fixation on the morphinic receptors of some drugs administered peridurally. The action of these drugs, when injected by the subarachnoid technique, is enhanced; this is the case of morphine-base. Others according to their physicochemical characteristics cross easily the dura mater and are very active when injected peridurally. Opiates are also used for the alleviation of chronic pain and are quite as effective as local anaesthetics, steroids or hypertonic saline by peridural injection. The main interest of these techniques lies in the easy reversibility of the analgesia.

Analgesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gonorrheal keratoconjunctivitis in African adults.

We describe six cases of keratoconjunctivitis due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae in adults. All strains tested were penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG), and we conclude that the rising incidence of corneal involvement, a classic complication in the pre-antibiotic era, is due to ineffective treatment with penicillin. Indeed, the progression of the ocular lesions was stopped and microbiologic cure was obtained in all our patients after treatment with either spectinomycin or cefotaxime. These results demonstrate that early and effective treatment of adult gonococcal conjunctivitis is mandatory to avoid potentially blinding complications such as corneal ulceration and perforation of the eye.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The etiology of genital ulceration in Rwanda.

The etiology of genital ulcer disease was determined in 210 consecutive patients (110 men and 100 women) who presented at a clinic in Kigali, Rwanda, because of genital ulcers. When mixed infections are included, syphilis (21%), chancroid (24%), and genital herpes (17%) were about equally frequent in men. Lymphogranuloma venereum with ulceration was found in 11% of patients. Syphilis (40%) was the most common diagnosis in women; genital herpes (20%), lymphogranuloma venereum with ulceration (19%) and chancroid (12%) also were frequent diagnoses. Microscopic examination for treponemes after silver-impregnation staining had a poor sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of primary syphilis. Overall, 59% of the patients (43% of the men and 77% of the women) had IgG antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus.

Adolescent↗