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Biomedical subjects

J Borde

Publications and source records attributed to J Borde.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Failure of primary management of developmental dislocation of the hip: 31 years experience in Normandy].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Primary management of developmental dislocation of the hip involves a series of events (clinical screening and detection, choice and interpretation of imaging studies, indication and proper execution of treatment). Each event has an important effect on outcome and failure may result from inadequate attention to any one. We analyzed the causes of failure observed over 31 years experience in our region. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed the files of children hospitalized in the Rouen Infantile Surgery Department from 1968 to 1998 for management of congenital dislocation of the hip diagnosed late (> 3 months) or for revision after inappropriate treatment. We identified 353 files. This series was retrospective from 1968 to 1985 (283 cases) and prospective from 1986 to 1998 (70 cases). RESULTS: Up through 1981, failed detection of developmental dislocation of the hip was identified in 10 to 27 children per year (mean 21.5). Since 1982, this rate has varied from 1 to 10 (mean 6.5). The number of children treated before the age of one year was 10.5 per year up through 1981 then 4.5 per year after 1982. The number of children treated after the age of one year was 11 per year through 1981 then 2 per year after 1982. Since 1986, treatment was undertaken for failure of primary management in 57 children after clinical diagnosis, in 3 children after radiological and ultrasonographic diagnosis, and in 11 children during the course of treatment. Standard x-ray studies systematically obtained at four months corrected the diagnosis in 24 children. The diagnosis was corrected after repeating the examination in 14 children before the age of one year. Correct diagnosis was established after the age of one year in 18 children. DISCUSSION: Although our University Department was the only referral center for pediatric surgery in our region during this period, these figures cannot be compared with the annual birth rate in the region (24,000 births/year) because the number of infants managed in other centers is unknown. Nevertheless, organizing regular follow-up by a pediatric orthopedic surgeon of all infants screened positive in the maternity ward enabled a 70% reduction in the number of failures since 1982. Systematic clinical screening, repeated regularly during the first year of life, has reduced the mean age of diagnosis. Neither ultrasonography nor radiography has replaced physical examination. Care must also be taken to avoid over reliance on ultrasound findings which do not correspond to clinical findings. Amongst the children treated late, 14% had undergone an inappropriate treatment for dislocation correctly identified during the neonatal period. Referring all children screened positive to a pediatric orthopedic surgeon should help reduce this rate.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1994

Induction of apoptosis by transiently transfected metabolically stable wt p53 in transformed cell lines.

Biochemical and functional properties of wild-type (wt) and mutant p53 were studied under the same cellular environment by transient transfection. Exogenous wt p53 expressed in transformed cell lines was found to be as metabolically stable as mutant p53. Yet only mutant p53 bound to hsp70 whereas wt p53 did not, suggesting that the metabolic stability of p53 does not depend on its ability to form complexes with hsp70. The wt protein was expressed essentially in the nucleus, while mutant p53 showed both nuclear and cytoplasmic expression, as determined by immunofluorescence staining with PAb122. In addition, staining with PAb1801 revealed a number of strongly fluorescent cell fragments in cultures transfected by wt p53. Morphological features of apoptosis were observed in these cultures. Quantitative analysis by flow cytometry confirmed that only the cell population expressing wt p53 had a significant amount of cell debris. Thus, transient expression of a metabolically stable wt, but not mutant, p53 induces cell death by apoptosis. The present study demonstrates a model system to investigate the functional domains of p53 in the induction of apoptosis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Simian virus 40 T antigen activates the late promoter by modulating the activity of negative regulatory elements.

Late promoter activity measured before viral DNA replication results from a complex involvement of negative and positive cis-acting elements located both in the enhancer and in the 21-bp repeats. GC motifs located within the 21-bp repeats act in cooperation with sequences overlapping the early TATA box to down-regulate the late promoter activity. Analysis of insertion mutants indicates that the late promoter might be negatively regulated at least partially by the early promoter machinery. The GTI motif located within the enhancer as well as the GC motifs lose the ability to down-regulate the late promoter in the presence of T antigen. Results obtained with tsA58 protein indicate that two different domains of T antigen are involved in the negative autoregulation of the early promoter activity and in the release of the down-regulation of the late promoter by the GC motifs.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Characterization of SV40 enhancer motifs involved in positive and negative regulation of the constitutive late promoter activity; effect of T-antigen.

By analyzing the late promoter activity of a series of nonreplicative recombinants mutated within the different enhancer motifs of SV40 we identified both positive and negative regulatory elements. In the absence of T-antigen, the motifs Sph and/or octamer, and to a lesser extent the motifs GTI and P, account for the constitutive expression of the late promoter. The motif GTII overlaps elements that negatively regulate the expression of the late promoter. These results indicate that the late promoter is down-regulated not only at the level of the GC motifs but also at the enhancer level. Moreover, we showed that T-antigen interacts with both positive and negative regulatory elements.

Antigens, Viral, Tumor↗
PubMed1989

[Surgical indications for hydronephrosis discovered antenatally].

The authors report series of 82 hydronephrosis (in 70 infants), detected antenatally by ultrasound. The cases were classified in 3 groups according to the severity of pelviureteric junction obstruction. Only the more severe cases are operated at once. In the remaining cases the observation help to decide the indications. In this series 35 renal units among 82 have been operated at date. The 47 remaining are annually followed up by ultrasound.

Female↗
PubMed1988

[Fibromatosis in children: regression with prolonged chemotherapy. Apropos of 2 cases].

Surgical excision is the usually recommended treatment of Fibromatosis in children. However the invading nature of this tumor is responsible for recurrences leading to mutilating surgery and eventually to death despite the histologically benign appearance. We observed two cases of decrease under lengthy chemotherapy. In the first case, a 4-year-old boy with a huge abdominal wall tumor had two biopsies leading to the diagnosis of fibromatosis. The tumor measured 15 x 14 x 10 cm, and compressed the right ureter when chemotherapy was started. Actinomycin 1,500 microgram/m2 at Day 1 and vincristine 1.5 mg/m2 at Day 1 and Day 8. This courses were repeated every four weeks. Tumor decreased slowly but constantly. After 17 months it measured only 5 cm in diameter. The biopsy confirmed the nonprogressive nature of the residual fibromatosis. In the second case, a 12-year-old boy had a tumor of the left anterior thoracic wall. The histologic study diagnosed a fibromatosis. Two courses of IVA (ifosfamide, vincristine, actinomycin), did not lead to any decrease. A wide excision was achieved but left invaded edges. Then the child was treated by actinomycin 750 microgram/m2 at Day 1 and vincristine 1.5 mg/m2 at Day 1 and Day 8, one course every four weeks during ten months. At this time biopsies revealed a scar without progressive fibromatosis. This two cases show the interest of a chemotherapy in extensive fibromatosis. A mild treatment but for a long time seems to succeed where more intensive courses have failed.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1988

[Ambulatory anesthesia in pediatrics. 2-year experience of performance at a day hospital].

Ambulatory pediatric anaesthesia is done within a well-organized medical and surgical structure. The anaesthesia consultation confirms the surgical indications, taking into account certain medical pathologies. 27% of elective surgery is done in day-hospital. The anaesthetic techniques described have been done in children from three weeks to sixteen years of age. Intubation was not an exclusion criterion. The major causes for transfer to the general hospital (2.9%) are given. Anaesthetic complications represent 0.1% of such transfers. Scrupulous respect of the selection criteria, competence of anaesthesiologists and of pediatric surgeons are prerequisites for good results.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1987

[Undescended testicles: 2-stage reduction or Fowler's technic. Apropos of 2 comparative series].

The testicular vessel transection allows a one-stage orchidopexy for high undescended testes. The authors have been using this procedure (as described by Fowler) since january 1984. 29 operations have been performed in this way. This series is compared to another series of 28 staged orchidopexies, a procedure which was used in Rouen until december 1983. The number of cases in each series is not high enough to allow a significant comparison; no conclusion can be drawn as for the long term result concerning the testicular function. However the procedure described by Fowler has the great advantage of being performed in one-stage. But the surgeon must comply with strict rules and the authors point out the difficulties of the operation.

Child↗
PubMed1987

[Intestinal stenosis, sequelae of necrotizing enterocolitis. Analysis of 9 cases].

Intestinal necrosis was a complication of necrotizing enterocolitis of the newborn in 9 of 42 cases. In 6 neonates it followed medical treatment of the enterocolitis, presenting in this case as an occlusive syndrome. After surgical treatment (3 cases) the diagnosis was made from radiologic imaging prior to reestablishment of digestive continuity. Surgery was necessary in all cases, and procedures used are described (technic, date of operation). The prognosis of enterocolitis is worsened by this stenosis (1 death in the 9 cases).

Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous↗
PubMed1986

Sequences involved in initiation of simian virus 40 late transcription in the absence of T antigen.

We analyzed the sequences involved in vivo in the initiation of simian virus 40 (SV40) late transcription occurring in the absence of both SV40 origin sequences and T antigen. The constituent elements of the SV40 late promoters have already been the subject of extensive studies. In vitro studies have resulted in the description of two putative domains of the late promoters. The first domain consists of an 11-base-pair (bp) sequence, 5'-GGTACCTAACC-3', located 25 nucleotides (nt) upstream of the SV40 major late initiation site (MLIS) (J. Brady, M. Radonovich, M. Vodkin, V. Natarajan, M. Thoren, G. Das, J. Janik, and N. P. Salzman, Cell 31:624-633, 1982). The second domain is located within the G-C-rich region (J. Brady, M. Radonovich, M. Thoren, G. Das, and N. P. Salzman, Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:133-141; U. Hansen and P. A. Sharp, EMBO J. 2:2293-2303). Our previous in vivo studies permitted us to define a domain of the late promoter which extends from nt 332 to nt 113 and includes the 72-bp enhancer sequences. Here, by using transfection of the appropriate chimeric plasmids into HeLa cells in conjunction with quantitative S1 nuclease analysis, we analyzed in more detail the sequences required for the control of SV40 late-gene expression occurring before the onset of viral DNA replication. We showed that the major late promoter element is in fact the 72-bp repeat enhancer element. This element was able to drive efficient late transcription in the absence of T antigen. Under our experimental conditions, removal of the G-C-rich region (21-bp repeats) entailed a significant increase in the level of late-gene expression. Moreover, translocation of this element closer to the MLIS (53 nt upstream of the MLIS) enhanced the level of transcripts initiated at natural late initiation sites. Our results suggest that the G-C-rich regions have to be positioned between the enhancer element and the initiation sites to stimulate transcription from downstream sites. Thus, the relative arrangement of the various promoter elements is a critical factor contributing to the situation in which the early promoter is stronger than late promoters before viral DNA replication.

Antigens, Viral, Tumor↗
PubMed1984

Conversion through homologous recombination of the gene encoding Simian virus 40 115,000-molecular-weight super T antigen to a gene encoding a normal-size large T antigen variant.

We have previously cloned the gene encoding a 115,000-Mr super T antigen (115K super T antigen), an elongated form of the Simian virus 40 large T antigen, originating from the rat cell line V 11 F1 clone 1, subclone 7 (May et al., J. Virol. 45:901-913, 1983). DNA sequence analysis has shown that the 115K super T antigen gene contains notably an in-phase duplication of a sequence located in the region of tsA mutations. We have also shown that the 115K super T antigen gene is able to induce the formation of transformed foci in transfected rat cells. After rat cell cultures were transfected with the cloned gene encoding 115K super T antigen, we obtained a large number of transformants as reported in this paper. In these transformants, we detected a very high frequency of new T antigen variants, as shown by immunoprecipitation of the cell extracts with anti-simian virus 40 tumor serum followed by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Based on these results and all of the data presently available, it appears likely that the input plasmid or cosmid DNAs containing the cloned gene were first subjected to recombination events that yield new variant T antigen genes before these recombinant genes become integrated. The new variant T antigens observed in the transformants were predominantly those comigrating with normal-size large T antigen. In fact, these latter variants appeared to be indistinguishable from wild-type large T antigen as judged by restriction mapping by Southern blotting of the total genomic DNA of the transformants. Models of intermolecular or intramolecular homologous recombination occurring between or within the input plasmid or input cosmid DNA molecules are proposed to account for the formation of such revertants.

Animals↗