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Biomedical subjects

J Borms

Publications and source records attributed to J Borms.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Gymnastic injuries.

In the past 15 to 20 years gymnastics has become very popular. The increased participation exposes a greater number of athletes to potential injury. The risk of gymnastic injuries seems to be proportional to the level of the athletes; the higher the level of gymnastics, the more hours are spent in practice, with a greater exposure time. With the increased risk in gymnastics, the incidence of acute injuries will also increase, and as the skill level increases, the load during the workout will also increase, providing more opportunity for chronic injuries. As in many sports, the ankle is the most injured body part. Some injuries, however, seem to be specific to gymnastics. In gymnastics the upper extremities are used as weightbearing limbs, so high impact loads are distributed through the elbow and wrist joint. Back problems appear to result not only from single episodes of macrotrauma, but also from repeated microtrauma caused by specific impact loads during vaults and hyperextension. Early detection is the key to treating elbow, wrist and back pain in the gymnast. Reinjury following an acute injury may be reduced by allowing for complete rehabilitation before returning to full practice. Some studies indicate that maturation rate could play a potential role in injury predisposition. The combination of periods of rapid growth and intense training could provide for conditions where the gymnast is more injury prone.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1990

Mechanical efficiency of the elbow flexors in rowing.

Biomechanical and especially kinesiological investigations of the mechanical efficiency of rowers are rarely found in today's literature. The coach frequently relates to skills or technical movements in terms of their aesthetic appearance rather than their mechanical effectiveness. The force output of the elbow flexors appears to be a function of the forearm position. The literature referring to the mechanical efficiency of the elbow flexors seems to favor both semiprone and supine positions, whereas the prone position appears to be discredited. It is the latter grip position that is actually employed and traditionally accepted in the sport of rowing. In fact, this technique was never challenged or scientifically researched to see whether a modified one might lead to better efficiency. Consequently, the purpose of this investigation was to analyze whether athletes' force output differed if the gripping technique was changed from pronation to a semiprone grip (one arm prone, the other semiprone). Under the specific conditions of this investigation, it was demonstrated that the semiprone position was generating greater force output and higher electrical activity, thus being superior to the classical prone grip.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Optimal duration of static stretching exercises for improvement of coxo-femoral flexibility.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different durations of static stretching exercises on coxo-femoral (hip) flexibility. The experimental group, consisting of 20 sedentary women (20-30 years of age), participated in an exercise programme of static stretching exercises with emphasis on the hamstring muscles. The programme lasted for 10 weeks and consisted of two 50-min sessions per week. A control group of 15 sedentary women did not participate in the programme. Hip flexibility was determined before, during and at the end of the programme by means of a goniometric measuring technique developed by us and described elsewhere. Three sub-groups were formed, each following the same programme except that the duration of the static stretch differed (group 1, 10 s; group 2, 20 s; group 3, 30 s). The ANOVA tests showed that for all groups - the control group excepted - the hip flexibility had improved significantly after 10 weeks (P less than 0.05). No significant differences in hip flexibility were noted between the three subgroups at the end of the programme. This finding suggests that a duration of 10 s static stretching is sufficient for improving coxo-femoral flexibility.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The child and exercise: an overview.

In this paper the complex topic of 'the child and exercise' is approached from a multidisciplinary angle. Research concerned with effects of exercise on growth and development is reviewed. In spite of traditional beliefs, there is not enough evidence to support the view that regular and intense physical training promotes an increase in body size, nor is there any physiological evidence that severe training has any harmful effect on the body. Exercise capacity and aerobic power increase gradually throughout childhood. Investigations have shown that children aged 10 years or younger do not react with an increased VO2 max as one would expect from endurance activities. The trainability of endurance seems to depend on the biological maturity level of growing children. After puberty the effects of endurance training are similar to those reported for adults. Just how much physical activity is necessary or optimal during the growing years is not known because individual variation is great. Even fewer results are available on the trainability of anaerobic capacity. The trainability of other factors such as strength, speed, flexibility and coordination is amply discussed. Finally some thoughts are given to young female athletes, both early and late maturers, with respect to their sport performance and expectancies.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A method for detecting errors in data of growth studies.

The paper describes a new method used for data cleaning in growth and development studies. The method is essentially based on the assumption that an extreme value of a certain variable might be suspicious if other highly correlated variables show low compatibility with it and that, on the other hand, an extreme but possible value tends not to be erroneous if it is reinforced by another extreme but possible value of a highly correlated variable. Each variable was therefore included in at least two ratios with the highest correlated variables. A program was designed to detect extreme values of individual variables and extreme ratio values. This procedure with ratios was used to help to detect possible errors and discriminate them from true extreme values. Seen in the light of corrected data files against existing data files, the number of corrections was approximately 4.4%. If the real number of corrected errors is compared to the total number of subjects, this percentage reached 5.5%. If, when correcting, the real value was not detected with certainty, the erroneous value was then simply deleted. From our results, there is reason to believe that with this method few detectable errors will escape from the cleaning procedure. Conclusions for future correction procedures and for future growth studies in general, are also given in the paper.

Anthropometry↗