PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Boucharlat

Publications and source records attributed to J Boucharlat.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Neuropsychological functioning among non-psychotic siblings and parents of schizophrenic patients

Several studies have shown subtle neuropsychological deficits in healthy relatives of schizophrenic patients. However, older relatives and parents have been less frequently assessed than younger adult relatives and siblings. Furthermore, some areas of neuropsychological functioning such as memory and learning have been little studied. Thirty-seven 22-70-year-old non-psychotic parents and siblings of schizophrenic patients were compared to 37 healthy control subjects on a battery of neuropsychological tests (Trail Making, parts A and B, verbal fluency, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and four subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised: logical memory, design reproduction, verbal paired associates and digit span). Relatives did not differ from control subjects on Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance and on visual memory, but were significantly impaired on verbal fluency; more subtle deficits were found on Trail Making, part B, digit span and paired associates. A higher proportion of relatives than control subjects showed impairment on verbal fluency and verbal memory. These neuropsychological weaknesseswere present as much in siblings as in parents of schizophrenic patients, and age did not cancel differences between relatives and control subjects. Thus, these subtle deficits seem to be potential phenotypic markers of schizophrenia.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

A 5-year follow-up study of suicide attempts among French adolescents.

PURPOSE: The social, medical, and psychological outcomes of 552 adolescents hospitalized subsequent to an attempted suicide were assessed after an average 5-year follow-up period. METHODS: Evaluation took place by means of mailed questionnaires completed by the adolescents, their parents, and the general practitioner. Using regression analysis, responses were compared with those of a comparison group (n = 273). RESULTS: In the suicidal group, the mean annual mortality rate was seven-fold greater than in the general population of the same age. Education level was lower, and the consumption of alcohol, psychiatric hospitalizations, and contacts with the criminal justice system were more frequent than in the control group. No other variables explored were significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study carried out on a large sample of French suicidal adolescents tend to confirm results of previous studies performed in other countries. They show that the prognosis for the suicidal adolescent group is less favorable than that of the comparison group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Psychological assessment of patients with idiopathic pruritus ani.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare psychological profiles in 17 patients suffering from idiopathic pruritus ani with a control group of 28 patients showing secondary pruritus ani. METHODS: The two groups completed the Mini-Mult personality test and results were compared using chi 2 test and analysis of variance. RESULTS: The mean hypomania and depression scale scores were greater and smaller respectively in the idiopathic pruritus ani group. Nevertheless, the percentage of abnormal psychological profiles was not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: It seems arbitrary to systematically ascribe psychogenic aetiologies to idiopathic pruritus ani even though psychological factors may be present in individual patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Reflections on international adoption].

In paediatric psychiatry, we often encounter French families who have chosen for international adoption of foreign children. From our clinical cases and a review of the literature, we have cited several circumstances which can lead to separation following adoption, either due to a rejection of the adopted by the adopting family or vica-versa: cases in which the adopted children are older or even young adolescents, simultaneous adoption of more than one child, adoption of psychologically disturbed children with a history of neglect or abuse by a previous guardian, cases in which the adopting parents are inadequately prepared due to international adoption procedures allowing the rapid accession of the adoption and cases with a poor understanding of the adoption legislation on the part of the biological parents or the child being adopted. These risque factors, relatively specific to international adoption, can in isolation or by a combination of factors lead to failure in the adoption. Subsequent separation after adoption often leads to institutionalization and further rejection.

Adoption↗
PubMed1994

[Early pediatric-psychiatric management of suicide attempts in adolescents].

The authors describe an experience of early intervention by child psychiatrists in adolescents attending an emergency care pediatrics unit for suicide attempts. The two main aspects of this intervention are: 1) a former interview between the child psychiatrist and the suicidal adolescent taking place within the emergency care pediatrics unit; 2) a systematic few days hospitalization of the suicidal adolescent in a child-adolescent psychiatric unit allowing early therapy for both the adolescent and his/her parents. Based on preliminary results the authors believe that early child psychiatrist intervention provides an improvement in the care of suicidal adolescents, especially to prevent recurrent suicide attempts, as compared with conventional care with delayed child psychiatrist participation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Family violence and adolescence].

Intrafamilial violence represents a vast topic, even if one limits the subject to the nuclear family. Indeed it includes violence from parents to the child, violence between brothers and sisters, conjugal violence and violence exercised by the child to his parents. Although one can differentiate the types of violence (physical, sexual, and psychological), they often coexist within the same family. Adolescence favors the onset or the reactivation of familial violence; this violence often has repercussion on the psychological equilibrium of the adolescent. Very little is written about parents abused by one of their children (usually an adolescent). This phenomenon is relatively unrecognized and its frequency probably under-estimated. It points to a distortion in parent to child relationship. Therapeutic and/or socio-educational approach must be directed toward both the victim and the aggressor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Antecedents of pediatric pathology in adolescents hospitalized in a department for pediatric psychiatry].

The antecedents of pediatric hospitalization and previous history of somatic disturbance in 101 adolescents aged 12-16 yr hospitalized in a pedopsychiatric unit were compared to those of a representative population of 101 high school adolescents without psychiatric problems. Patients and controls were matched according to age, sex and parents nationality. The result showed that adolescents with psychiatric disorders were significantly more frequently hospitalized during infancy and childhood, particularly for medical reasons. They also presented many more algic syndromes, recurrent headaches, recurrent vomiting and epilepsy. Thus, recurrent pediatric hospitalization and chronic somatic disturbance appear to be warning signals of a possible psychiatric risk and should lead to a psychological investigation of the child and his relations with the family.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[An alternative to the hospitalization of the demented elderly: the nursing home].

The number of demented old people continues to increase. Their admission to a hospital is dangerous ("Syndrome de Glissement") and tolerated with difficulty by the nursing staff. The solution of home care is interesting but insufficient. The creation of collective homes for demented elderly seems to furnish an effective solution contributing to a decrease in hospital admissions and a better quality of life for these persons. The modalities of creation and functioning are considered and allows one to think that these establishments will appear in France and also, in the world.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[The psychology of chronic rheumatism patients based on the Rorschach test].

The objective of this research was to try to see if it was possible to find in a population of chronic rheumatickies (a great majority of P.C.E.) some specific psychologie characteristics or constants among these sicks. So we have used Rorschach test. On the based of 19 persons inspected, we have found 84% who present a pathological inhibition and 68% a pathological anxiety. They are datums more strikingness, but we have found others interesting indications. For example: 47% persons presented symptoms of a affectivity no stabilize egocentric and impulsive and had a perturbed thought by their affectives problems. 21% a deficient valuation of reality. We have terminated trying to discuss two others questions from datums collected.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Ring 6-chromosome: a nonspecific clinical picture].

A new example of ring-6 chromosome is reported in a 5-year-old girl with psychomotor and growth retardation, microcephally, and microphtalmia. The breakpoints are considered to be distal on both arms of chromosome 6, in view of apparently normal transmission of HLA phenotypes.

Child↗
PubMed1977

[The Guidance Center. Evaluation after a year of activity].

The C.H.U. of Grenoble started a child Guidance Clinic for assuming the education of handicapped children from 2 to 6 (years of age). A whole organization for medical advice, training for walk, psychotherapy, orthophony, together with a day hospital can be found there--the working of whith is provided by a pluridisciplinary team of 15 members (among whom educators, psychanalistes, psychiatristes, psychologistes, pediatristes). The parents may profit by interviews with the educators, with a conjugal adviser, or by parents groups who meet twice a month. An average of 25 children are registered, and 15 are present, among whom most are trisomic 21, or psychotics. The day price is 257 F and 100% returned by the social Security. At last, besides the therapeutic function, the clinic also plays a pedagogic part by receiving probationers coming from different places.

Child↗