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Biomedical subjects

J Bowsher

Publications and source records attributed to J Bowsher.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Expression of a Hox gene, Cnox-2, and the division of labor in a colonial hydroid.

We report the isolation and expression of the Hox gene, Cnox-2, in Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus, a hydrozoan displaying division of labor. We found different patterns of aboral-to-oral Cnox-2 expression among polyp polymorphs, and we show that experimental conversion of one polyp type to another is accompanied by concordant alteration in Cnox-2 expression. Our results are consistent with the suggestion that polyp polymorphism, characteristic of hydractiniid hydroids, arose via evolutionary modification of proportioning of head to body column.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Social support: a conceptual analysis.

Using the methodology of Walker and Avant, the purpose of this paper was to identify the most frequently used theoretical and operational definitions of social support. A positive relationship between social support and health is generally accepted in the literature. However, the set of dimensions used to define social support is inconsistent. In addition, few measurement tools have established reliability and validity. Findings from this conceptual analysis suggested four of the most frequently used defining attributes of social support: emotional, instrumental, informational, and appraisal. Social network, social embeddedness, and social climate were identified as antecedents of social support. Social support consequences were subsumed under the general rubric of positive health states. Examples were personal competence, health maintenance behaviours, effective coping behaviours, perceived control, sense of stability, recognition of self-worth, positive affect, psychological well-being, and decreased anxiety and depression. Recommendations for future research were made.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Oral care during pregnancy.

There is no reason why pregnancy should result in the mother losing calcium from her own teeth. Many pregnant women find their gums bleed during toothbrushing. This is due to hormonal changes and increased sensitivity to dental plaque. Careful, thorough toothbushing twice a day will help minimise this problem. Sugary snacks are best avoided, but if not it will help preserve dental health to follow them straightaway with foods that stimulate the flow of saliva, such as cheese or sugar-free chewing gum. All pregnant women should be encouraged to attend a dentist early in pregnancy. All NHS dental check-ups and treatment are free during pregnancy and for 12 months after the birth.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Methodological considerations in the study of frail elderly people.

The purpose of this paper is to increase the awareness of gerontological nurse researchers about methodological, theoretical and ethical issues that are unique and critical to the study of frail elderly people. Discussion focuses on: (a) sampling, recruitment, informed consent and retention of subjects; (b) selection and adaptation of measurement instruments; (c) implementation of treatment modalities and data collection protocols; (d) theoretical shortcomings; and (e) ethical concerns. Such issues must be resolved if answers are to be found for multiple health problems that pose such a heavy burden for many frail elderly people. As the number in this highly vulnerable group increases, gerontological nurse scientists, like all health care researchers, must better understand their needs and discover their strengths. We must design innovative research protocols to capture that information.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral care.

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Evidence-Based Medicine↗