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Biomedical subjects

J Brault

Publications and source records attributed to J Brault.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Antagonism between Yersinia intermedia and Yersinia enterocolitica in water.

One strain of Yersinia enterocolitica and one strain of Y. intermedia were grown in peptone water at 25 or 37 degrees C, or in ground water at 15 degrees C. Similar growth rates were observed when these strains were cultivated separately in the same media and at the same temperature. Mixed cultures at 37 degrees C displayed equivalent growth rates. In contrast, mixed cultures incubated at 15 or 25 degrees C were regularly unfavourable to Y. enterocolitica, whereas they did not modify the growth of Y. intermedia. A bacteriophage active on Y. enterocolitica and not on Y. intermedia was characterized from the filtrate of mixed cultures at low temperatures. This phage produced by the lysogenic Y. intermedia strain might be a potential factor responsible for the inhibition of Y. enterocolitica, since no additional antibacterial factor or nutritional competition between Y. intermedia and Y. enterocolitica were found in the mixed cultures.

Antibiosis↗
PubMed1986

Production of bacteriocin-like substances by Yersinia frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii, and Y. intermedia strains.

The production of bacteriocin-like substances by strains of Yersinia frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii and Y. intermedia in broth culture was established. These substances showed a selective activity against Y. enterocolitica, Y. frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii and Y. intermedia strains. Electron micrographs revealed the presence of phage tails in culture media. The production of these substances was detected in cultures grown at 25 degrees C but not in those grown at 37 degrees C, while these bacteriocin-like substances were active at 25 and 37 degrees C. Y. enterocolitica serogroups 0:3 and 0:9 were more susceptible to these bacterin-like substances than strains of Yersinia isolated from environmental sources.

Bacteriocins↗
PubMed1986

Speech performance in mania and schizophrenia: the association of positive and negative thought disorders and reference failures.

The speech performance of manics (n = 21) and schizophrenics (n = 22) was assessed with both clinical evaluations and an assessment of reference performance. The severity of positive and negative clinical thought disorders was correlated with the frequency of incompetent (unclear and ambiguous) references as measured with a linguistic rating system. It was found that pressure of speech accounted for the majority of the variance in incompetent references in the manic sample, while this relationship was not found for the schizophrenics. The number of incompetent references in the schizophrenic sample was most highly predicted by the severity of derailment, with poverty of content of speech the next most important. These results were discussed with respect to their implications for the identification of differential mechanisms underlying speech disorders in the two patient groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Ability of Yersinia enterocolitica cells to inactivate bacteriophage I at 25 degrees and 37 degrees C.

The presence of receptors to bacteriophage I of Y. enterocolitica in Y. enterocolitica cells grown at 37 degrees C was investigated. Protein extracts obtained from bacterial cells (strain 4052) grown at 25 degrees or 37 degrees C produced a diminution of free bacteriophage. Cultures of this strain inactivated phage I at 37 degrees C, and high titre suspensions of this phage showed bacteriocin-like activity. According to these results receptor sites must be present in Y. enterocolitica cells incubated at 37 degrees C.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1979

[Evaluation in hospital practice of Fecatest, a new laboratory method for the detection of occult blood in feces].

The clinical significance of the laboratory information provided by Fecatest, a new test based on a guaiac reaction for detecting occult blood in the feces, has been determined. In 93.8% of 243 patients with a lesion of the gastrointestinal tract diagnosed by endoscopy and/or radiology the test was positive; 88.5% of 148 patients in whom no lesion had been found by the same methods had a negative test. In vivo and in vitro comparison of the degree of sensitivity of Fecatest with Hematest and Haemoccult showed the following ratios: Hematest 5, Fecatest 3, Haemoccult 1. In point of sensitivity Fecatest thus comes between the other two tests investigated. It is concluded that Fecatest is a valuable tool in detecting lesions of the gastrointestinal tract associated with occult bleeding. The results show a better degree of clinical correlation between the test and the lesions in the gastrointestinal tract than with the other two. This view is further strengthened by the important practical advantages offered by Fecatest.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1979

Yersinia enterocolitica among small wild mammals in France.

A survey of Yersinia enterocolitica was made in two French areas (Indre and Alsace) in several components of the terrestrial ecosystem. Y. enterocolitica has been isolated from several habitats and from numerous species of small mammals. The trap line method enabled us to estimate the density of the two abundant small mammal species, Microtus arvalis and Apodemus sylvaticus, and the densities of Y. enterocolitica carriers. The frequency of isolation was high when temperatures were low, but did not seem to be in direct relationship with animal densities. Infectious lesions were never found in spleens or intestines of 1893 captured animals. Samples of fresh water, fresh-water fish, soil and earthworms were occasionally collected. A total of 163 strains were isolated. Of these, 99 were of biochemical type 1; 20 different 0 serogroups were found.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Reappraisal of the predictive value of the beta-human chorionic gonadotropin assay in an infertile population.

In order to assess the clinical usefulness of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in monitoring early abortion, we studied prospectively 108 pregnant patients. Of these subjects, 70 carried their pregnancies to term and delivered uneventfully, while 38 patients went on to develop first-trimester bleeding. Blood samples were obtained every 1 to 2 weeks during the first trimester, and, when bleeding developed, at least twice 2 or 3 days apart. beta-hCG was measured by a specific double-antibody radioimmunoassay. In the group with normal pregnancies, first-trimester serum beta-hCG gradually rose to reach a peak concentration of 16,875 +/- 4825 (SD) mIU/ml at 10 to 12 weeks of gestation. In the group with abnormal pregnancies, prior to the onset of bleeding, the mean serum beta-hCG level was 4- to 5-fold below that of normal subjects at equivalent gestational age, although with significant overlap in the 95% confidence limit (2 SD). Furthermore, when bleeding occurred, the individual rate of predicting abortion was at best 75% with an unacceptable rate of false-negative and false-positive predictions.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1979

Contribution to the definition and the taxonomy of Yersinia enterocolitica.

The phenotypic study of 6,000 strains of Y. enterocolitica and Y. enterocolitica-like organisms by the biochemical reaction of the identification of Enterobacteriaceae on one hand and of 100 strains representing different chemiotypes by an auxanogram technique shows a large homogeneity of these strains which are apparated from the other Yersinia within Enterobacteriaceae. Six chemiotypes are described. The strains fermenting thamnose, similar to chemiotype I, can be subdivided in two groups according to the acidification of melibiose. The future and the denomination of these strains are discussed. The biochemical characteristics difining Y. enterocolitica and six chemiotypes are defined.

Ampicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New results on the phage typing of Yersinia enterocolitica, concerning more of 4 000 strains of various origins (author's transl)].

1) The phage typing of Y. enterocolitica has been made on more than 4,000 strains of various origins by means of 2 sets of phages. The 1st one, composed of 12 phages extracted from lysogenic strains of the same species has permitted to distinguish 10 phages types numbered from I to VIII and from IXa to IXb among the 3,323 lysotypable strains on the 4,366 examinated. 2) The search of the beta-galactosidase has differentiated the phage type IXa in its 2 varieties, the IXa 1, beta-galactosidase negative and the IXa 2, beta-galactosidase positive. 3) The 1,043 untypable strains by the 1st set were forming 2 very different groups. One of them, the X was insensitive to the 12 phages of the 1st set; the other XI, showed such a variety of lytic reactions to the phages of the 1st set that it was impossible to consider the rare samples of each of them as phage types. 4) The group X, submitted to a "complementary phage typing" by means of a second set of phages isolated from sewage water, has been subdivised into about 20 undergroups, from which only, 7 have been studies up to now, numbered from X 1 to X 7...

Africa↗