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Biomedical subjects

J Bright

Publications and source records attributed to J Bright.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Clinical evaluation of the oesophageal heat exchanger in the prevention of perioperative hypothermia.

We have studied the efficiency of an oesophageal warming device in the prevention of perioperative hypothermia in 22 patients undergoing total hip replacement. Aural canal and skin temperatures (15 sites) were measured before induction of anaesthesia, at the end of surgery and 1 h after recovery and mean body heat was calculated to quantify heat distribution. Core temperature decreased significantly in both groups at the end of surgery, by a mean of 1.8 degrees C in the control group and 1.3 degrees C in the oesophageal heat exchanger (treated) group (P = 0.09). In contrast, mean skin temperature at the end of surgery increased by a median value of 0.26 degrees C in the treated group and decreased by 1.02 degrees C in the control group (P = 0.03). Both groups of patients lost body heat to the same extent (P = 0.34). Thus the oesophageal heat exchanger was ineffective in preventing perioperative hypothermia in a group of patients undergoing total hip replacement.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Resolving semantically induced tip-of-the-tongue states for proper nouns.

Three experiments are reported in which tip-of-the-tongue states (TOTSs) were induced in subjects by reading them pieces of item-specific information. In Experiments 1 and 2, subjects attempted to name famous people. These experiments showed that, in a TOTS, seeing a picture of the face of the target person did not facilitate naming, whereas the initials of the person's name did. In Experiment 3, a similar result was obtained with a landmark-naming task. The results of the experiments are discussed with reference to current models of memory structure and name retrieval.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Psychiatric, psychosocial, and rehabilitative aspects of lung transplantation.

The psychosocial assessment of applicants to the Toronto Lung Transplant Program provides the team with a variety of information including coping style; adjustment to illness; presence and management of psychiatric disorders; ability to adhere to medical recommendations; and available social support. This information facilitates the organization of resources to match each patient's strengths and vulnerabilities. The period of awaiting transplantation may be prolonged, and is often associated with high levels of anxiety. A support group, brief individual and family psychotherapies, and pharmacologic interventions have each been useful in ameliorating symptoms of stress during this time. A physical rehabilitation program is prescribed to most candidates and contributes to improved physical endurance as well as emotional well-being. Postoperative delirium has commonly occurred in lung transplant recipients, and appears to be associated with prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass when used, the administration of cyclosporine, and other nonspecific factors. Delirium has been managed with preoperative psychologic preparation and a routine postoperative protocol using intravenously administered haloperidol. Other immunosuppressant-associated organic mental disorders have also occurred in recipients. Postoperative recovery and rehabilitation are facilitated by both the preoperative exercise program and a postoperative exercise regimen. Recovery following transplant may require abrupt adjustment to new activity levels and reintegration into social and vocational roles. After 7 months, over 50% of surviving recipients have returned to employment and most report high satisfaction with physical and emotional well-being.

Exercise Therapy↗
PubMed1986

Vessel sizing wire: accurate vessel measurement using digital subtraction arteriography.

A simple method of measuring vessel diameters using intraarterial digital subtraction angiography has been designed. With a catheter in place within the vessel of interest, a segmented guide wire with known dimensions is advanced into the catheter in the area to be measured. We have used the method successfully for balloon angioplasty as well as balloon embolization.

Angiography↗
PubMed1978

The paracellular pathway in toad urinary bladder: permselectivity and kinetics of opening.

Determination of serosa-to-mucosa fluxes of Na, K, and Cl yields information about the properties of the shunt pathway in toad urinary bladder. We show that measurement of these fluxes at 30-sec intervals following an abrupt increase in mucosal osmolality yields evidence on the rate of opening of the path and of its permselectivity. The relationship between the fluxes of any pair of these ions indicates that the shunt is paracellular both before and after the increase in conductance effected by hyperosmolality and that the transepithelial PD affects the permselectivity properties (at 0 mV, PK/PNa/PCl=1:0.71:0.57; at + 25 mV, Pk/PNaPCl=1:0.71:0.99). The relationship between any of the fluxes and the total transepithelial conductance is linear and yields an estimate of cellular conductance (the intercept of this regression on the conductance axis) which is in accord with that measured electrically. These studies provide information on tight junction permeability to nonelectrolytes, as well. Finally, they provide new information about the role of the shunt path as a controlling influence on transepithelial sodium transport and raise the possibility that, in both leaky and tight epithelia, differences in transepithelial conductance from tissue to tissue, organ to organ, and species to species may be due, in the absence of edge damage, to changes in conductance of the paracellular pathway.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A trial of adenine arabinoside in genital herpes.

Twenty-four episodes of genital herpes in 22 men, all confirmed by virus isolation, were studied in a double blind trial. They were treated either with 3% adenine arabinoside (Ara-A) in petrolatum ointment base or with the base alone applied four times daily for one week. The lesions were counted and sketeched on days 0, 2, and 7. There was no demonstrable advantage to be gained from the use of Ara-A ointment. The results of the Papanicolaou smears and virus isolation agreed in the diagnosis of 75% of cases. The presence of continuing lesions or fresh ones in some patients after the acute phase of the initial or recurrent attack of herpes necessitates the man taking precautions on resuming sexual intercourse.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metabonomics with 1H-NMR spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry applied to the investigation of metabolic changes caused by gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat.

The model nephrotoxin gentamicin was administered to male Wistar-derived rats daily, for 7 days, at 60 mg kg-1 day-1, subcutaneously, twice daily. Conventional clinical chemistry urinalysis showed a significant increase in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity from day 3. At necropsy on day 9, clear histological damage to the kidney was noted with all animals showing a generally severe nephropathy primarily focused on the proximal convoluted tubules. The urinary excretion pattern of endogenous metabolites over the time course of the study was studied using a combination of 1H-NMR spectroscopy and HPLC-TOF-MS/MS using electrospray ionization (ESI). Changes in the pattern of endogenous metabolites as a result of daily administration of gentamicin were readily detected by both techniques with significant perturbations of the urinary profile observed from day 7 onwards. The findings by 1H-NMR included raised glucose and reduced trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Changes in metabonomic profiles were observed by HPLC-MS in both positive and negative ESI. The MS data showed reduced xanthurenic acid and kynurenic acid, whilst neutral loss experiments also revealed a changed pattern of sulphate conjugation on gentamicin administration.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗