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Biomedical subjects

J Brines Solanes

Publications and source records attributed to J Brines Solanes.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Functional constipation: prospective study and treatment response].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of functional constipation (FC) with and without encopresis, the factors involved in its onset, and treatment response. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study of 62 children was performed using a standard questionnaire (onset-age, regular toilet use, encopresis, complications, dietary habits and environmental and psychological factors) and physical and anthropometric assessment. FC was defined as a stool frequency of less than 3 bowel movements/week, with passage of large or scybalous stools, with or without 2 or more soiling episodes per week, without underlying disease. Treatment included demystification, behavioral modification and drugs (mineral oil and senna). Each child was periodically re-evaluated, and treatment was considered successful when the defecation rate was 3 or more bowel movements/week, discomfort was absent, and fecal soiling frequency was 2 or fewer episodes/ month. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: FC accounted for 13 % of all first consultations (60 % boys, 40 % girls; mean age at diagnosis 6.1 years). The most frequent manifestations were painful defecation (60 %), rectorrhagia (42 %), obstructive episodes (34 %) and anal fissure or hemorrhoids (17 %); 19 patients (31 %) had encopresis. Nutritional assessment revealed that 84 % of the patients was well nourished and 16 % was overweight. Fiber intake was deficient in more than 60 %. Sixteen (26 %) patients underwent successful relief of impaction with senna (20-30 mg/dose) combined with mineral oil. Maintenance treatment included mineral oil (15-30 ml/day) and senna at the minimum effective dose (5-15 mg/day). Satisfactory results were achieved 1 month later in 32 % of the children, 3-6 months later in 71 %, and 6-12 months later in 85 %; successful response was closely related to regular toilet habits, dietary modification and a shift in the family's attitude.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[An analysis of prior antibiotic treatment on the impact of meningococcal disease in children of the Valencian Community. The Study Group of Invasive Diseases].

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the effect of antibiotics given prior to hospitalization of children with meningococcal disease and to assess their relationship with disease outcome and microbiological isolation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective surveillance system in all hospitals of the Community of Valencia was implemented. All cases of children less than 15 years of age with clinically suspected invasive disease and: 1) N. meningitidis isolated in a normally sterile body fluid; 2) positive capsular antigens in blood or CSF and a positive Gram stain; and 3) clinical diagnosis of an invasive N. meningitidis disease. RESULTS: In a two-year period 157 cases were reported. In 143 cases, data about antibiotic prescription prior to hospitalization was known. Of these, 24.5% had received antibiotics and none had received parenteral penicillin or cephalosporins. Oral antibiotics decreased bacterial isolation (p < 0.001) and did not modify outcome (p = 0.66). CONCLUSIONS: Oral antibiotics, not recommended for N. meningitidis diseases, did not modify prognosis, but decreased bacterial isolation, and therefore worsened clinical handling of the cases and epidemiological studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Stimulation increase in evoked acoustic otoemissions].

OBJECTIVE: Evoked otoacoustic emissions (OEAE) are an excellent evaluation method of the hearing organ and are principally useful in newborn screening. During the performance of this technique, doubtful cases sometimes exist and they are customarily considered as failures of the test, increasing the group of children to be re-evaluated. The program IL088 has the possibility of increasing the stimulus intensity (gain). We applied this gain to all children with doubtful OEAE in attempts to give a pass or fail score. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The record of OEAE was accomplished with the system IL088 v3.5. It was applied to 70 ears of healthy newborns, a gain of +15 dB initially and/or +21 dB (if a pass score was not obtained). Some normal ears were included in this group as controls. Of the explored ears, 23 had a normal OEAE, 17 presented a doubtful response and in 30 cases the answers were negative (fail). RESULTS: This study demonstrates that in doubtful cases, the usefulness of increasing the gain is very high permitting that these cases accomplish pass criteria (15/17). In the ears with a lack of response there is an increased response, but it usually does not reach a passing level (6/30). In children with normal response the pass rate does not vary. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in gain in ears with a doubtful response offers a high a rentability, reducing the the initial failure rate of OEAE without altering the real failure rate or affecting those that initially pass allowing a reduction in the number of second evaluations.

Cochlea↗
PubMed1998

[Cholestatic-type hepatitis in childhood].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, etiology, clinical evolution and prognosis of cholestatic hepatitis during childhood. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 145 children hospitalized for acute hepatitis between December 1983 and September 1996 were studied. Cholestatic hepatitis was defined by a direct bilirubin higher than 50% of the total bilirubin. RESULTS: Five cases were identified, which represents 3.45% of all hospitalized hepatitis cases. The average age was 8 years. Cholestatic symptomatology was predominant in all cases with bilirubin values ranging from 10.5 to 32 mg/dl. Cytolysis ranged from moderate to intense. Regarding enzymes indicating cholestasis, the most elevated was 5'nucleotidase, followed by GGT. Quick's index was abnormal in 2 cases, one of which was not corrected by vitamin K. Cholesterol, triglycerides and gamma globulins were slightly increased. In only one case was there a thickening of the wall of the vesicula, which was dilated. Three cases corresponded to hepatitis A virus, one to hepatitis B virus and SMA (smooth muscle autoantibodies) were identified in the fifth. Evolution was favorable in all patients within 8 weeks, except for a girl with subacute hepatocellular insufficiency (SMA positive) where a normal state was achieved 3 months after immunosuppression treatment was started. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Cholestatic hepatitis is an infrequent form of acute hepatitis evolution in childhood and can be promoted by hepatitis virus A or B. 2) It shows a favorable prognosis, except when it comes from a non-viral etiology.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

[Evoked otoacoustic emissions in school children].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to determine the usefulness of evoked otoacoustic emissions (OEAE) as a screening method for the diagnosis of hearing loss in schoolchildren. PATIENTS AND METHODS: To this end and by using this method, we have studied 1,202 ears of 616 children in the 1st and 2nd grades of elementary school with a mean age of 6.2 years. The equipment employed was an Otodynamic Analyzer (ILO 88) by Otodynamics, Ltd and the program ILO 88, version 3.94. RESULTS: The results were OEAE positive in 1,041 ears (86.6% passed the test) and OEAE negative in 161 ears (13.4% failed the test). We have determined the percentiles of all the parameters of the test and of the responses in order to establish the normal values in this age group. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the OEAE for the detection of hearing loss should not be restricted to newborns. The OEAE can also be used as an auditive screening test in schoolchildren.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1997

[Influence of the middle ear on the measurement of otoacoustic emissions].

OBJECTIVE: Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) provide an objective, non-invasive measurement of cochlear function. OAEs have proven to have a high sensitivity and reasonable specificity for hearing impairment diagnosis, especially when used for infant screening. The lower specificity could be due to middle ear function and that this affects otoacoustic emissions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We have carried out a study in 1,202 ears with a mean age of 6.2 years. Clinical otoscopy and OAE measurements were performed in all cases and tympanometry in those cases with a negative result in the recorded emissions. RESULTS: Statistical analysis of tympanogram type indicated significant association with tympanogram type B and the absence of OAEs, as well as with otoscopic findings of secretory otitis media. CONCLUSIONS: Middle ear function must be taken into consideration when OAEs are used in clinical application. The problem of low specificity is mainly due to the fact that middle ear function affects the presence or absence of emissions with normal cochlear function.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1996

[Diagnosis of otitis media with effusion by acoustic reflectometry].

OBJECTIVE: Acoustic reflectometry is a new technique based on a sonar that enables the diagnosis of middle ear effusion. Our objective was to assess its value and to know the cut-off figure for pathology. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 586 children, from 1 month to 14 years of age, we performed bilateral otoscopy looking for signs of middle ear effusion. Afterwards, 3 measurements with the acoustic otoscope (ENT, Inc.) were taken and the results between the two methods compared. RESULTS: There was a significant association (p < 0.0001, Chi-squared) between results > 4 and middle ear effusion with a sensitivity of 84.2% and a specificity of 98.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Acoustic reflectometry has shown to be a very quick (< 10 seconds/ear), accurate and objective technique. It is painless and easy. It can be made in any child, without collaboration (crying or moving) and at any age.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1993

[The determination of IgG subclasses in healthy children by ELISA with monoclonal antibodies].

The age at which the different IgG subclasses reach stable values has not been uniformly established to date. In this study the concentration of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 has been determined in the serum of 164 children (from 1 to 14 years of age) and 20 healthy adults, by using a monoclonal antibody enzyme immunoassay. The geometric mean, standard deviation and coefficient of correlation were obtained. Results showed a gradual increase in the levels of the different subclasses throughout age. The time at which the adult concentrations were obtained varied and these adult levels were not necessarily the highest values. During the first year of life, the level of IgG1 is already high and by 6-7 years its serum concentration represented 90% of the adult IgG concentration. IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 were initially detected at low levels. IgG2 increased rapidly until it reached a stable value at 9-10 years of age. Adult values were obtained at 10-11 years of age for IgG3 and 7-8 years of age for IgG4.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Comparative study of tonal liminal audiometry and evoked otoacoustic emissions in school screening programs].

Early diagnosis of deafness is an important objective during the pediatric age. This study compares two different audiological techniques, otoacoustic emissions (OEA) and tonal audiometry (AUD), to be used as screening methods in school revisions programmed for 6 years olds. The correlation between techniques is very good (97% of the positives and 92% of the negatives). The OEA method is objective and faster if the environmental noise is low; if not, AUD seems to be more reliable. At this age (6 years), the otoacoustic emissions have characteristics of the adult age.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1992

[Results of a study of the presence of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in the newborn].

An otoacoustic emission is that part of sound that can be detected in the ear canal and is produced by the physiological cochlear activity involved in the auditive process. Some people have spontaneous oto-emissions (SOAE), which are emissions that can be registered without any stimulus. These are normal functional sounds of some cochleae. he aim of this study was to assess the presence of SOAE in newborns, as well as to study its incidence and relationship with the auditive process. The number of tested neonated was 364, 209 of whom had at least one ear with SOAE+ (57.4%). It was possible to do a bilateral test in only 324 newborns, 114 of whom had SOAE+ in both ears (35.18%). The total number of ears tested was 961 and in 453 of these a SOAE+ was detected (47.1%). This high incidence of SOAE corresponds to a very good cochlear condition compared to that of older people.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

[Comparative study of evoked otoacoustic emissions and auditory potentials of the brain stem in the neonatal period].

Evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAE) are a recently discovered technique that is related to a good audiological status. It is a quick, simple and harmless test that can be used in neonatal screening. We report and compare here the results from a series of neonates in which we have performed both, this test and a brainstem response (ABR) test. The correlation between techniques was good, especially in normal positive neonates where the correlation was 100%. However, EOAE only explores the cochlear status and will not detect retrocochlear pathologies.

Audiometry, Evoked Response↗
PubMed1992

[Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis: incidence and clinical significance of their isolation in the perinatal period].

In order to known the clinical significance of the colonization of the maternal genitalia and infant with genital mycoplasmas, we studied prospectively 219 pairs of mothers and newborns admitted for delivery to a general public hospital. U. urealyticum and M. hominis were isolated from 72 (32.9%) and 10 (4.6%) of the mothers, respectively. During the first 4 days of life. U. urealyticum and M. hominis were isolated from 23 (10.5%) and 1 (0.5%), of the newborn infants respectively. Maternal colonization by genital mycoplasmas was not associated with a longer duration of membrane rupture, nor with a shorter gestational age, nor with smaller neonatal weight and length. Neonatal colonization by U. urealyticum was not associated with shorter gestational age, nor with smaller birth weight and length, nor with the appearance of any disease during the first 3 months of life.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1991

[Nitrates in drinking water in the Valencia community. Indirect risk of methemoglobinemia in infants].

An analysis is made of the concentration of nitrates in the public drinking water of the Valencia Community (Spain), corresponding to 467 municipalities and representing 99% of the population of the community. Concentration exceeded maximum tolerable levels according to Spanish legislation in 95 towns; of these, the concentrations were over double the maximum value in 32, and in a further 18 municipalities the levels were over 150 mg/l. The consumption of these waters on the part of infants appears to be contraindicated, in view of the risk of meta-hemoglobinemia involved.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Anti-endomysium antibodies: new serological markers for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Preliminary study].

The authors value the parameters of diagnostic efficacy in a preliminary study of anti-endomysium antibodies (EmA), in the diagnostic and follow-up of patients with gluten sensitive enteropathy. The study was made with 84 subjects distributed into four groups. Group I consisted of 21 patients with gluten sensitive enteropathy (GSE) who were eating gluten at the time of diagnosis. Group II consisted of 20 patients with gluten sensitive enteropathy with different periods of time of gluten free diet. Group III consisted of 16 subjects with non-evolutive neuropathies and without intestinal disease. This group was considered as controls. Group IV consisted of 27 patients with toddler diarrhoea. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and efficiency were 100%.

Autoantibodies↗