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Biomedical subjects

J Brisson

Publications and source records attributed to J Brisson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Passive smoking during pregnancy and the risk of delivering a small-for-gestational-age infant.

The objective of this population-based study was to assess the association between environmental exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy and the risk of delivering a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant (< 10th percentile). A total of 4,644 nonsmoking women who lived in the Quebec City area and who gave birth between January and October 1989 to a singleton liveborn neonate were included in the analysis. Information on gestational age at delivery, maternal passive smoking at home and at work, and several potential confounders was obtained by a telephone interview with the mother a few weeks after delivery. Birth weight was abstracted from the birth certificate. Overall, passive smokers were at little or no higher risk of having a SGA infant than unexposed women (adjusted odds ratio = 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85-1.39). Passive exposure to tobacco smoke at home only was not related to SGA. However, small increments in risks were observed in women exposed to passive smoking at work only, and risks increased consistently with weekly duration, number of weeks, and intensity of exposure. When compared with unexposed mothers, women exposed to tobacco smoke in the workplace for 1-14, 15-34, and > or = 35 hours per week had adjusted odds ratios of 1.13 (95% CI 0.79-1.61), 1.17 (95% CI 0.73-1.87), and 1.36 (95% CI 0.91-2.09), respectively. This latter odds ratio was close to that observed among women who smoked actively 1-5 cigarettes per day. Although not conclusive, the results are compatible with the hypothesis that environmental exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy may be related to a modest increase in the risk of delivering a SGA infant.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome: an exploratory case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of genital bacterial infection among women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome and to evaluate the association of several potential risk factors with the occurrence of the syndrome. METHODS: Fifty-seven women referred for dyspareunia who satisfied Friedrich's criteria and had symptoms for at least 6 months were recruited as cases. Controls included 173 patients without dyspareunia seen at a private clinic. Cases and controls were aged 18-35 years and were not pregnant. RESULTS: Among cases, the prevalences were low for genital infection with gonorrhea (0%), Chlamydia (0%), Trichomonas (0%), Mycoplasma (0%), Gardnerella (14%), and Candida (8.8%). Ureaplasma was detected in the Bartholin glands of ten affected women (17.5%). Human papillomavirus DNA was detected in only three cases (5.3%) based on polymerase chain reaction assays on vestibular biopsies. The relative risk (RR) of the syndrome was related to some aspects of sexual and reproductive history. In particular, the RR in women who had used oral contraceptives (OCs) early (before age 17) reached 11.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-97.1) relative to those who had never used OCs. Women who had first intercourse at age 15 or earlier had a 3.3-fold increase in RR (95% CI 1.4-8.0) compared to those who had first intercourse at age 16 or later. CONCLUSION: Our data provide little support for the idea that infection causes the vulvar vestibulitis syndrome. Hormonal factors such as early OC use may be involved in the etiology of this condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Survival related to nodal status after sleeve resection for lung cancer.

Sleeve lobectomy is a lung-saving procedure indicated for central tumors for which the alternative is a pneumonectomy. The relation between survival and nodal status is controversial because, in most series, the presence of N1 disease adversely affects the prognosis with few or no long-term survivors. During the period 1972 to 1992, 142 patients underwent sleeve resection for lung cancer at our institution. Mean age (+/- standard deviation) was 60.7 +/- 9.1 years (range 11 to 78 years), and indications for operation were a central tumor in 112 patients (79%), a peripheral tumor in 18 patients (13%), and compromised pulmonary function in 12 patients (8%). Histologic type was predominantly squamous (72.5%) followed by nonsquamous (24.6%) and carcinoid tumors (2.8%). Resection was complete in 124 patients (87%) and incomplete in 18 (13%), and the operative mortality was 2.1% (n = 3). Follow-up was complete for the 139 remaining patients. Including operative deaths, survivals at 5 and 10 years for all patients were 46% (95% confidence intervals 38% to 55%) and 33% (95% confidence intervals 24% to 42%), respectively. For patients with N0 status (n = 73), 5- and 10-year survivals were 57% (95% confidence intervals 45% to 69%) and 46% (95% confidence intervals 32% to 60%); for patients with N1 status (n = 55), these rates were 46% (95% confidence intervals 32% to 60%) and 27% (95% confidence intervals 14% to 40%) (p = 0.13). No patient with N2 status (n = 14) survived 5 years. Local recurrences occurred in 23% of cases, but the prevalence was not statistically different between patients with N0 disease (16.6%) and N1 disease (23.1%) (p = 0.43). These data suggest that sleeve resection is an adequate operation for patients with resectable lung cancer and N0 N1 status. The presence of N2 disease significantly worsens the prognosis and may contraindicate the use of the procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Prognostic significance of cathepsin-D expression in node-positive breast carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study.

The prognostic significance of cathepsin-D expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 638 node-positive breast carcinomas diagnosed between 1980 and 1986. A minimum of 2.5 years of follow-up was available for each patient (maximum: 9.5 years). Cathepsin-D expression was assessed separately both in cancer and in stromal cells using a commercially available polyclonal antibody. While cancer-cell immunostaining was not associated with prognosis, positive staining of stromal elements was related to shorter metastasis-free survival. The difference in distant metastasis-free survival between positive and negative expressors was greatest in the sub-group of patients submitted to adjuvant chemotherapy, with a hazard ratio for occurrence of distant metastasis of 1.76 by multivariate analysis, but was lowest for those receiving hormone therapy. Cathepsin-D expression by stromal cells was related to HER-2/neu oncoprotein expression, HSP-27 expression, poor nuclear grade, aneuploidy, and absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors. No association was found with the number of involved lymph nodes, tumor size, age, histologic grade, S-phase fraction, or vascular invasion. Our study suggests that cathepsin-D expression by stromal cells (and not by cancer cells) affects the prognosis of breast cancer, that stromal cells probably play a key role in local invasion and metastatic dissemination of the tumor, and that the prognostic significance of cathepsin-D expression may vary according to the type of adjuvant therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Arm problems and psychological distress after surgery for breast cancer.

The frequency of problems in the arm affected by surgery for breast cancer and the association of these problems with psychological distress were assessed among 223 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer 3 months after operation and again 15 months later among 201 of these same women. At 3 months after operation, 182 (82%) of the 223 patients reported at least one arm problem. Specific problems reported were swelling (24%), weakness (26%), some limitation in range of movement (32%), stiffness (40%), pain (55%) and numbness (58%), and these percentages had changed little 15 months later. Regardless of the type of mastectomy, women who underwent axillary dissection had more arm problems. Compared with women reporting no arm problems, the adjusted odds ratios of having psychological distress at 3 months for women reporting one to two, three to four and five to six arm problems were 1.2, 2.3 and 3.1 respectively (chi 2 for trend = 9.5, p = 0.002). Arm problems are frequent after operation for breast cancer, and these problems appear to increase the likelihood of psychological distress. Women should be informed that arm problems are expected but non-threatening sequelae of initial surgical treatment for breast cancer.

Arm↗
PubMed1992

Psychological distress after initial treatment of breast cancer. Assessment of potential risk factors.

BACKGROUND: Patient and disease characteristics are often mentioned by clinicians as possible risk factors for psychological distress among women with breast cancer. However, either these factors have not been evaluated or when they were evaluated, results were inconclusive. METHODS: Potential risk factors for psychological distress were assessed among 205 patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer by home interview 3 and 18 months after surgery. RESULTS: At 3 months, proportions of women with high distress reporting 0-1, 2-3, 4-5, and 6-15 stressful life events in the 5 years preceding diagnosis were 17%, 20%, 28%, and 37%, respectively (P = 0.006). High levels of psychological distress were present in 63.1% of women with a history of depression, compared with 14.3% of those with no such history (P = 0.0001). Associations of these factors with distress also were present 18 months after diagnosis. At 18 months only, distress was more frequent in women with regional disease (44%) than in those with localized disease (22%) (P = 0.006). Age, education, and marital status had little or no association with levels of psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS: Number of stressful life events before diagnosis and history of depression appear to be strong indicators of the risk of psychological distress and may be useful for identifying patients with breast cancer in need or more intense psychosocial support.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Validation of the simultaneous determination of methylprednisolone and methylprednisolone acetate in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography.

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure was developed that accurately quantitates methylprednisolone (MP) and methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) in human plasma over the range 2.00-50.0 ng/ml. The internal standard, fluorometholone, was added to an aliquot of sodium fluoride-potassium oxalate-derived plasma. Samples were prewashed with hexane and extracted twice with methylene chloride. The extracts were dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, centrifuged, and the organic layer separated and dried under nitrogen. The samples were reconstituted in mobile phase and washed an additional time with hexane before 100 microliters were injected onto a Beckman/Altex Ultrasphere ODS column with ultraviolet absorbance detection at 254 nm. Composition of the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water-glacial acetic acid (33:62:5, v/v/v). Calibration curves were obtained by unweighted, linear regression of peak-height ratios of MP (or MPA)/internal standard versus theoretical concentrations of MP or MPA using a Hewlett-Packard 3357 Laboratory Automation System. Extraction efficiencies for MP and MPA over the linear range were 86.4 and 84.7%, respectively. This method was successfully implemented for the analysis of specimens generated from a single-dose bioavailability and safety study for a new formulation of Depo-Medrol sterile aqueous suspension.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1992

History of migraine and risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension.

This analysis assesses the relation between a history of migraine and the risk of preeclampsia or gestational hypertension. Cases (172 women with preeclampsia and 254 with gestational hypertension) and controls (505) were primiparae with no history of hypertension before pregnancy. Information on migraine attacks in the year before pregnancy was obtained after delivery. Migraine was reported by 16% of preeclamptic women, 12% of women with gestational hypertension, and 8% of the controls. Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension were 2.44 (1.42-4.20) and 1.70 (1.02-2.85), respectively. We conclude that women who have a recent history of migraine may be at higher risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetics of phenylalanine in rats and mice administered aspartame.

Aspartame (L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester) is an esterified, dipeptide sweetener that is rapidly and completely metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract to phenylalanine, aspartic acid and methanol. The pharmacokinetics of phenylalanine (PHE) and tyrosine (TYR) were examined following the administration of oral doses of aspartame (APM) to fasted male Sprague-Dawley rats (0, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg) and CD-1 mice (0, 100, 200, 500, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg). Peak plasma PHE/large neutral amino acid (LNAA) ratios were calculated. Maximal plasma PHE and TYR concentrations were observed within 1 h after dosing and returned to baseline within 4-8 h in both species regardless of the dose of APM. Mean PHE Cmaxs ranged from 73.6 to 1,161 nmol/ml in the rat, and from 78.6 to 1,967 nmol/ml in the mouse. TYR Cmaxs ranged from 91.6 to 502 nmol/ml and from 89.2 to 792 nmol/ml in the rat and mouse, respectively. AUCs and Cmaxs were linear with dose in both species. Peak plasma PHE/LNAA ratios ranged from 0.112 to 1.117 in rats and from 0.121 to 1.769 in mice. Comparison of these ratios with those observed previously in humans indicates that rodents require a 2-6 times higher dose of APM than humans to produce similar increases in plasma PHE/LNAA ratios.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Calcium intake from dairy products and supplements and the risks of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension.

This case-control study assessed the relation of calcium intake in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy to the risks of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. All subjects (172 women with preeclampsia, 251 women with gestational hypertension, and 505 controls) were primiparae who delivered in Quebec City or Montreal, Quebec, Canada, between April 1984 and December 1986. Dietary calcium intake was not associated with preeclampsia. For gestational hypertension, adjusted odds ratios in successive quartiles gradually decreased from 1.00 in the lowest quartile to 0.81, 0.66, and 0.60 in the highest quartile. These results provide additional support for the view that calcium intake during pregnancy may be inversely related to the risk of gestational hypertension.

Calcium, Dietary↗
PubMed1991

Clinical spectrum of bronchogenic cysts of the mediastinum and lung in the adult.

Bronchogenic cysts are closed sacs considered to be the result of an abnormal budding of the respiratory system. They are lined by ciliated epithelium and have focal areas of hyaline cartilage, smooth muscle, and bronchial glands within their walls. They are seldom seen in the adult, and most are thought to be asymptomatic and free of complications. During a 20-year period, 86 patients underwent resection of a bronchogenic cyst of the mediastinum (66 patients) and lung (20 patients). There were 47 women and 39 men whose ages ranged from 16 to 69 years. Seventy-two percent of patients (67% with mediastinal cysts and 90% with cysts of the lung) were symptomatic at the time of operation, and the majority had two or more symptoms. Despite extensive investigations, which in some cases included computed tomographic scanning (n = 12) and angiography (n = 22), a positive diagnosis was never made preoperatively even if it was suspected in 57% of patients. In nearly all patients, the operative approach was that of a posterolateral thoracotomy. All but two mediastinal bronchogenic cysts could be locally excised, but all bronchogenic cysts of the lung required pulmonary resection (lobectomy, 13; limited resection, 6; pneumonectomy, 1). Major operative difficulties were encountered in 35 patients, all of whom were symptomatic preoperatively. Thirty-three patients had a complicated cyst; the complications consisted of fistulization (n = 16), ulcerations of the cyst wall (n = 13), hemorrhage (n = 2), infection without fistulization (n = 1), and secondary bronchial atresia (n = 1). Overall, 82% of patients had a bronchogenic cyst that was either symptomatic or complicated or both.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The crystal and molecular structure of VH amylose by electron diffraction analysis.

The crystal and molecular structures of VH amylose were determined by a constrained linked-atom least-squares refinement, utilizing intensities measured from electron diffraction patterns and stereochemical restraints. Hexagonal platelet single crystals were grown from dilute aqueous ethanol solution and their electron diffraction diagrams analysed. These data indicated that the amylose chains were crystallized in a hexagonal lattice with a = b = 13.65 A, c (chain axis) = 8.05 A and space group P6(5)22. The best model obtained using the base plane data coupled with a stereochemical refinement yielded R = 0.24 (R'' = 0.25). It corresponded to a system of left-handed 6-fold helices packed on an hexagonal net but with statistically random up/down chain disorder. A column of six water molecules was present within each helical repeat. Additionally, the gap between each pair of adjacent helices was bridged by two water molecules positioned so as to allow hydrogen bonding with chains of either sense. This proposed crystal structure differs somewhat from previous reports which invoked orthorhombic lattices and requires a regularly alternating arrangement of up and down chains to account for the intensity. Suggestions are made to account for these differences.

Amylose↗
PubMed1991

Family history of breast cancer, mammographic features of breast tissue, and breast cancer risk.

I reexamined the relations of family history of breast cancer in first-degree relatives, mammographic features of breast tissue, and breast cancer risk, using data from three case-control studies. Subjects included 1,047 cases with newly diagnosed breast cancer and 2,329 controls. Family history of breast cancer showed only a weak relation to mammographic features. In addition, while family history and mammographic features were each related to breast cancer risk, associations of these two factors with risk appeared additive. In contrast to previous reports, these data suggest that, to a large extent, family history and mammographic features have independent effects on breast cancer development.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Cervico-vaginal cytology and condylomata. Reproducibility and predictive value].

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is associated with two groups of intra-epithelial lesions of the cervix: the condyloma or the very low grade lesion, and intra-epithelial cervical neoplasia (CIN) or a higher grade of lesion. Cervico-vaginal cytology can be used to screen for these two types of lesion. Further to this research is to evaluate the reproducibility and the predicted value of cervico-vaginal cytology to detect condylomas. The study is based on 610 patients who were referred because of abnormal cytology. 270 (44%) of these patients were referred because the cytology suggested condylomas and 241 (40%) had cytological signs of CIN. The reference cytology and the control cytology did not accord well. Control cytology showed signs of condyloma in only 116 (43%) of the 270 patients referred for this type of lesion. On the other hand in the case of CIN there was better correlation. Of the 241 patients who were referred for cytological signs of CIN 185 (70%) also had these signs on controlled cytology. The positive predictive value of cytology to diagnose condyloma is relatively poor. In only 126 (47%) of the women referred with diagnosis of condyloma could this diagnosis be confirmed histologically, 20% of these 270 patients had CIN. In contrast the positive predictive value of cytology with signs of CIN were better-182 (76%) of 241 patients who were referred with CIN had the diagnosis confirmed histologically.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Bioavailability and cardiovascular safety of Dexatrim (phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride) from a controlled-release caplet.

The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride (PPA HCl) from a Dexatrim controlled-release (CR) caplet and solution was studied. Each subject (n = 12) received either a 75 mg PPA HCl CR caplet once daily or a 25 mg PPA HCl solution given three times a day. All subjects received the medication for 4 consecutive days. On Day 1, the mean +/- SEM, AUC, tmax, and Cmax values were 1651 +/- 127 ng x h ml-1, 4.5 +/- 0.26 h and 143 +/- 13.5 ng ml-1, respectively, for the CR caplet and 1716 +/- 90.3 ng x h ml-1, 1.25 +/- 0.08 h and 126 +/- 5.8 ng ml-1 for the solution, respectively. At steady state (Day 4), the mean +/- SEM, AUC, tmax, and Cmax values were 1832 +/- 101 ng x h ml-1, 4.17 +/- 0.17 h and 151 +/- 6.5 ng ml-1, respectively, for the CR caplet and 2014 +/- 116 ng x h ml-1, 1.33 +/- 0.09 h and 143 +/- 8.7 ng ml-1, respectively, for the solution. The data from Day 1 were fitted to an oral one compartment model with a first order absorption rate constant, kA, first order elimination rate constant, k and lag time. The mean +/- SEM, kA, elimination half-life and lag time for PPA HCl from the CR caplet were 0.488 +/- 0.182 ng h ml-1, 5.84 +/- 1.66 h and 0.394 +/- 0.224 h, respectively. The mean +/- SEM, kA, elimination half-life and lag time for PPA HCl from the solution were 2.87 +/- 1.51 ng x h ml-1, 3.73 +/- 1.21 h, and 0.325 +/- 0.101 h, respectively. The smaller apparent kA and longer elimination half-life for PPA HCl from the CR caplet is due to the slow release of PPA HCl, thereby slowing its absorption producing sustained plasma drug concentrations. Blood pressures (supine and sitting) and heart rates measured at the time of blood sampling after the administration of the PPA HCl dosage forms demonstrated no clinically significant relationship between cardiovascular response and PPA HCl plasma concentration. These data demonstrate the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of PPA HCl from a CR caplet and an immediate release solution.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Single crystals of V amylose complexed with isopropanol and acetone.

Single crystals of amylose complexed with isopropanol or acetone were prepared by adding these precipitants to a metastable aqueous solution of amylose. With both precipitants, similar micrometre sized platelet crystals were obtained. They gave indistinguishable electron diffraction diagrams which could be indexed in an orthorhombic unit cell, with a = 28.26 A, b = 29.30 A, c = 8.01 A and in a space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) or P2(1)2(1)2. Within the unit cell, the amylose chains are organized in antiparallel pairs of parallel 6(5) amylose helices occupying 70% of the cell content, the remaining 30% consisting of isopropanol/acetone and water, with an estimate of 10 isopropanol/acetone molecules for 52 water molecules per unit cell. If the crystals are suspended in pure isopropanol at various temperatures or in pure methanol at room temperature, they undergo a de-solvation process that ultimately converts them into VH amylose. De-solvation with isopropanol left the crystals intact whereas with methanol, they became cracked during the shrinkage. An explanation is proposed for such difference.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1989

Histologic and mammographic specificity of risk factors for benign breast disease.

This study evaluates the effects of potential risk factors for benign breast disease (BBD) with special attention to the histologic and mammographic specificity of the effects. Cases were 172 women with BBD that underwent biopsy; controls were 134 women free of breast signs or symptoms. All cases and controls had undergone mammography. For all types of BBD combined, parity, use of oral contraceptives, and use of exogenous estrogen after menopause were strongly protective, whereas obesity and early menarche were weakly protective. Family history of breast cancer was virtually unrelated to BBD. The protective effect of parity was stronger for BBD with intralobular or extralobular fibrosis, and with mammographic homogeneous density or large nodular densities, than it was for BBD without these characteristics. Similar relations with the histologic and mammographic features were observed for obesity. These findings suggest that some risk factors for BBD have effects that are related to specific features of its morphology.

Breast Diseases↗