PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Bromley

Publications and source records attributed to J Bromley.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

The development of a self-report measure to assess the location and intensity of pain in people with intellectual disabilities.

The performance of a target group of 20 people with intellectual disability (ID) and a comparison group of 20 people who did not have ID was investigated on a series of tasks involving the judgement of the location of pain (on a bodymap) and the intensity of pain (on an analogue colour scale) in response to a series of photographs of simulated painful experiences. The results of the study indicated that: (1) there were no differences between the target and comparison groups in judging pain location for 93% of test items; (2) the performance of the target group in judging pain location was stable over time; (3) people with ID rated the pain images as more intense than the comparison group on all the 'mild' pain stimuli and 36% of the 'severe' pain stimuli; (4) the performance of the target group in judging pain intensity was logically consistent for 65% of comparisons (clear trends towards significance being apparent for a further 10% of items); (5) the performance of the target group in judging pain intensity was stable over time; and (6) the performance of the target group was unrelated to indicators of cognitive ability.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Beliefs and emotional reactions of care staff working with people with challenging behaviour.

Information collected in the context of a survey of all people with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour in a single metropolitan borough indicated: (1) care staff report that a significant proportion of their colleagues usually display such emotional reactions as sadness, despair, anger, annoyance, fear and disgust to episodes of challenging behaviour; (2) respondents reported that the most significant sources of stress associated with caring for someone with challenging behaviour centred upon the 'daily grind' of caring, their difficulty in understanding the person's behaviour, the unpredictability of the behaviour and the apparent absence of an effective way forward; (3) care staff attribute the causes of the person's challenging behaviour to a diversity of internal psychological, broad environmental, behavioural and medical factors. These results are discussed in relation to their implications for staff-seeking and implementing external advice regarding the management of challenging behaviour.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1995

The form and function of challenging behaviours.

Aspects of the topography and behavioural function underlying the challenging behaviours of all people with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour (n = 70) in a defined geographical area were investigated. Results indicated that: (1) more severe challenging behaviours were shown by people with more severe disabilities; (2) a significant minority (44%) of people showed more than one form of challenging behaviour, this rising to 79% among people with more severe challenging behaviours; and (3) cross-sectional analyses revealed specific clusters of problematic, aggressive and self-injurious behaviours. Analysis of information derived from the Motivation Assessment Scale (MAS) indicated that (5) the most common functions of challenging behaviours appeared to be 'self-stimulation' (for self-injury, destructiveness and 'other' challenging behaviours) and securing the attention of carers (for aggressive behaviours). However, (6) parametric analyses failed to identify any consistent relationships between the form and function of an individual's challenging behaviour for aggressive, destructiveness and 'other' challenging behaviours, but (7) clients with self-injurious behaviour were significantly more likely to score highly on the 'self-stimulation' sub-scale than other sub-scales of the MAS. Finally, (8) significant consistency of behavioural functions across different forms of challenging behaviours shown by the same individual were found for the two combinations of aggressive-destructive behaviours and self-injury-'other' behaviours.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

Changes in stiffness following short- and long-term application of standard physiotherapeutic techniques.

A computer-controlled MCP joint arthrograph was developed to measure the stiffness of finger joints objectively. This was used to study the short-term (one application) and long-term (multiple applications over 6 weeks) effects of several physiotherapeutic methods on the reduction in joint stiffness. The techniques used were hot wax baths, pulsed ultrasound alone, wax baths plus pulsed ultrasound and exercise. In the short-term (i.e. after each application) wax plus ultrasound produced a statistically significant reduction in elastic torque range (P < 0.01) and dissipated energy (P < 0.05). However, the reductions in these stiffness parameters were temporary. Long-term no significant reductions in stiffness were measured. In other words, stiffness was reduced by each therapy session, but it then increased again before the next session. Wax, ultrasound alone or exercise produced no short- or long-term effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Screening mammography in the Tampa Bay area: current status and implications for the next decade.

The current status of screening mammography in the Tampa Bay area is evaluated by three parameters: accessibility, cost and quality, and the screening resources necessary to reach the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) cancer control goals for the year 2000 in this area are projected. Fifty-two mammographic facilities were surveyed comprising 64 units in Pinellas, Hillsborough, Pasco and Manatee Counties. The number of units is adequate to serve the current needs of the population eligible for screening; however, the number of facilities offering low-cost examinations is not adequate. Only a few facilities have documented quality assurance through the American College of Radiology. These results and those projected for the year 2000 suggest that new efforts will be necessary to meet the NCI-2000 goal for screening mammography. We have made recommendations to clinicians and radiologists for strategies to meet this challenge.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Modulation of hepatic insulin receptors by a human growth hormone fragment (hGH 6-13).

A synthetic amino-terminal fragment of human growth hormone (hGH) containing the sequence H2N-Leu-Ser-Arg-Leu-Phe-Asp-Asn-Ala-COOH (hGH 6-13) was shown to increase [125I]iodoinsulin binding to rat hepatic receptors in vivo. Analysis of the binding data indicated an increase in the capacity of the insulin receptors or the number of available receptors. In vitro experiments with isolated hepatocytes and hepatic plasma membranes revealed no direct interaction between the hGH 6-13 and the hepatic insulin receptors. When the isolated hepatocytes were preincubated with the synthetic hGH fragment (10 micrograms/ml) at 37 degrees C for 30 min prior to tests for insulin binding, the binding of [125I]iodoinsulin to the hepatic receptors was significantly enhanced. The variance between the in vivo and in vitro findings was considered in terms of the mechanism of hormonal actions mediated through a secondary cellular mediator.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Application of telethermography in the evaluation of preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes.

The development of chorioamnionitis is a serious complication associated with preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes (PPROM). There is no reliable early indicator of this infection. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity of telethermography (TTG) in the detection of subclinical chorioamnionitis in women with PPROM. Fourteen pregnant women with PPROM between 23 and 34 weeks' gestation were the subjects of the study. Serial frontal-abdominal TTG scans were obtained up to the time of delivery using the MARK-1026 telethermography imager. Following delivery, placental cultures and pathology results were obtained and infant sepsis evaluation was performed. Images were analyzed for temperature differences between umbilical, inguinal, four-quadrant average, and abdominal-wall hot spots. Data were compared with norms obtained from 12 pregnant women with intact membranes who served as gestational age-matched controls. Of five patients with pathology-proven chorioamnionitis and TTG scans within three days of delivery, four demonstrated significant increases in temperature differences between umbilical and abdominal-wall hot spots versus inguinal and four-quadrant averages (z-scores > or = 2.0). All three patients with negative pathology and cultures as well as scans within three days of delivery showed no increase in temperature differences of the above variables. No patient had any overt clinical sign of chorioamnionitis. This limited but consistent evidence demonstrates that telethermography is a sensitive, noninvasive diagnostic method for detecting subclinical chorioamnionitis in pregnant women with preterm rupture of the fetal membranes.

Chorioamnionitis↗