Biomedical subjects

J Broutin

Publications and source records attributed to J Broutin.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

New method for DNA microarrays development: applied to human platelet antigens polymorphisms.

DNA microarrays are a powerful experimental tool for the detection of specific genomic sequences and are invaluable to a broad array of applications: clinical diagnosis, personalized medicine, drug research and development, gene therapy, food control technologies, and environmental sciences. Alloimmunization to human platelet antigens (HPAs) is commonly responsible for neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, post-transfusional purpura and platelet transfusion refractoriness. Using DNA microarrays, we developed a diagnosis to type the biallelic HPA-1 platelet group. The region for the human genomic DNA sequence that contains the polymorphism responsible for HPA-1 alleles was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The expected DNA fragments were hybridized on DNA microarrays, and the data were analyzed using specially developed software. Our initial results show that the two HPA-1 antigens polymorphisms containing a single base difference were detected using DNA microarrays.

Antigens, Human Platelet↗

PubMed2004

Implementation of DNA chips obtained by microprojection for diagnostic and personalized medicine.

It is expected that rapidly emergent new fields of application for DNA chips will be Diagnostic and Personalized Medicine. These new applications will require a limited number of probes, generally from 100 to 1000. So, after a brief review of the existing techniques to manufacture DNA chips, which are efficient for R&D applications and which often require a higher number of probes, we shall first report some advances in the silanization of the substrates and the grafting of probes to improve the robustness and the reliability of the devices. Then we shall discuss two manufacturing processes working at the scale of a nanoliter of reactant: ex situ and in situ fabrication by microprojection. We shall see how these processes are complementary and may be used to design and produce chips, at a large scale, for these new applications.

Equipment Design↗

PubMed2000

[Lipids from fossil plants and their relation to modern plants. Example s of Cenomanian flora from Anjou and Bohemia].

Comparative analyses of lipids from fossil plants and from their extant counterparts were undertaken in order to test the taxonomic significance of lipids in palaeobotany. The comparison between lipids from a fossil Ginkgoaceae, Eretmophyllum andegavense, and its extant counterpart, Ginkgo biloba, revealed the presence of original molecules, dimethoxyalkylcoumarins, in lipids from both plants. Such compounds confirm, on chemical grounds the relationship between these extant and fossil Ginkgoaceaes. Moreover, differences in n-alkane distribution between E. andegavense and E. obtusum which are very similar morphologically, confirm that these fossil plants do not belong to the same species. Furthermore, comparative analyses of a fossil Cheirolepidiaceae, Frenelopsis alata, and its extant counterpart, the Cupressaceae Tetraclinis articulata, revealed some similarities between these two species although they do not belong to the same family. Otherwise, comparative analyses of fungi-infected and uninfected samples of F. alata demonstrated that these micro-organisms can significantly affect the chemical composition of fossil plant lipids. In conclusion, even if chemical analyses alone are not sufficient to determine the genus or species of a given fossil plant, they can precise the taxonomy of some specimens that have been previously studied by palaeobotanists.

Cycadopsida↗