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Biomedical subjects

J Bruss

Publications and source records attributed to J Bruss.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Periodontal pathogen detection in gingiva/tooth and tongue flora samples from 18- to 48-month-old children and periodontal status of their mothers.

Few studies have detected periodontal pathogens in young children, and when detected the prevalence has been relatively low. In this epidemiological study, we determined the prevalence of periodontal pathogen colonization in young children and examined the relationship between periodontitis in mothers and detection of periodontal pathogens in their children aged 18-48 months. Children were selected and enrolled randomly into the study; tongue and gingival/tooth plaque samples were harvested and analyzed by DNA probe checkerboard assay for Porphyromonas gingivalis and Bacteroides forsythus. Clinical measurements included a gingival bleeding score in the children and a periodontal screening and recording (PSR) score in the mothers. Mothers having one or more periodontal sites with probing depths > 5.5 mm were classified as having periodontitis. In this population, 71% (66/93) of the 18- to 48-month-old children were infected with at least one periodontal pathogen. Detection rates for children were 68.8% for P. gingivalis and 29.0% for B. forsythus. About 13.8% (11/80) of children had gingival bleeding in response to a toothpick inserted interproximally. Children in whom B. forsythus was detected were about 6 times more likely to have gingival bleeding than other children. There was no relationship between bleeding and detection of P. gingivalis. 17.0% (16/94) of the mothers had periodontitis. When all mother-child pairs were considered, the periodontal status of the mother was found not to be a determinant for detection of periodontal pathogens in the floral samples from the children. However, the odds ratio that a daughter of a mother with periodontitis would be colonized was 5.2 for B. forsythus. A much higher proportion of children in this population were colonized by P. gingivalis and/or B. forsythus than has been previously reported for other populations. A modest level of association between manifestations of periodontitis in mothers and detection of B. forsythus in their daughters was observed.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The microbiota of young children from tooth and tongue samples.

This study determined the frequency with which 38 microbial species were detected in 171 randomly selected children from 6 to 36 months of age. Children were sampled and dental caries measured. Oral samples were assayed by means of a checkerboard DNA probe assay. The detection frequencies from tongue samples in children under 18 mos were: S. mutans 70%, S. sobrinus 72%, P. gingivalis 23%, B. forsythus 11%, and A. actinomycetemcomitans 30%, with similar detection frequencies in children over 18 mos. Thus, S. mutans and the periodontal pathogens, P. gingivalis and B. forsythus, were detected even in the youngest subjects. Species associated with caries included S. mutans (children ages 18-36 mos) and A. israelii (children ages < 18 mos), the latter species possibly reflecting increased plaque in children with caries. Species detection from tooth and tongue samples was highly associated, with most species detected more frequently from tongue than from tooth samples in children under 18 mos, suggesting that the tongue was a potential microbial reservoir.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗
PubMed2001

Prevalence of subclavian artery stenosis in patients with peripheral vascular disease.

Internal mammary arteries (IMA) as conduits in coronary artery bypass grafting are superior to saphenous vein grafts. If there is subclavian artery stenosis (SAS) proximal to the IMA graft, impairment of flow to the IMA may occur. If the stenosis is severe, retrograde flow from the grafted coronary artery to the brachial artery may lead to angina. Following the identification of 2 cases of angina secondary to subclavian artery stenosis at their institution, the authors prospectively performed arch angiography in a cohort of patients with manifestations of peripheral vascular disease undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography to assess the prevalence of subclavian stenosis. Fifty-two patients were enrolled in the protocol, with 48 patients having technically acceptable studies. Of these 48, 41.6% had measurable stenosis of at least one of the brachiocephalic arteries, with 35% of patients with at least a 30% stenosis of the left subclavian artery and 18.7% with more than 50% stenosis. They conclude that patients with significant peripheral vascular disease undergoing coronary angiography who are potential candidates for revascularization may benefit from arch angiography as part of their initial evaluation.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Dental caries and its relationship to bacterial infection, hypoplasia, diet, and oral hygiene in 6- to 36-month-old children.

UNLABELLED: Caufield et al. (1) have suggested that the acquisition of mutans streptococci in young children most likely takes place during a "window of infectivity" from 19 to 31 months of age. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: This study determined the prevalence of dental caries and bacterial infection in a randomly selected sample of 199 children 6 to 36 months old from the island of Saipan in the Common-wealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, USA. The relationships between caries and Streptococcus mutans infection, hypoplasia, diet and oral hygiene behavior were investigated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The overall estimated prevalence of caries was high: 46.8% of the children had white spot lesions and 39.1% had enamel cavitation. Colonization was seen in very young children; S. mutans was detected in 25% of the predentate children. The results of multi-variable modeling support the hypothesis that bacterial infection, diet, and hypoplasia are important in the etiology of dental caries in this population. Adjusted for age and ethnicity, children with a high level of S. mutans detected were 5 times more likely to have dental caries than children with a lower level of S. mutans detected. Hypoplasia and a high cariogenicity score (diet) were also significant independent predictors. The odds of having any white spot lesions or enamel cavitation were 9.6 times greater for children with any hypoplasia, and 7.8 times greater for children with high cariogenicity scores relative to those with lower scores after adjusting for level of S. mutans, age and ethnicity. Sleeping with a bottle, maternal sharing of utensils, and high snacking frequency were not significant predictors of caries in this population.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Directional coronary atherectomy can be successfully performed in the elderly.

The influence of age on the clinical and angiographic outcome of directional coronary atherectomy is evaluated. Results demonstrate that DCA can be performed successfully in the vast majority (78.7-90%) of patients in all age groups. However, there is a non-statistical trend toward decreased success rates in the elderly (P > .05). Major ischemic complications and groin complications tend to be more common in the elderly (P > .05). Blood transfusions are required significantly more often in the elderly (P < .05). Directional coronary atherectomy is a useful method of coronary artery revascularization in all age groups, including the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Utility of transesophageal echocardiography in the conservative management of prosthetic valve endocarditis.

Prosthetic valve endocarditis is a formidable complication following cardiac valve replacement. Surgical intervention has resulted in a significant reduction in mortality when certain complications prevail. We report two such cases of prosthetic valve endocarditis in which the use of transesophageal echocardiography permitted close surveillance during medical therapy and thus avoided the need for surgical intervention. Therefore, with the improved ability to monitor disease progression with transesophageal echocardiography, nonsurgical management of prosthetic valve endocarditis remains an option.

Adult↗