PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Buitelaar

Publications and source records attributed to J Buitelaar.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

The analysis of 51 genes in DSM-IV combined type attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: association signals in DRD4, DAT1 and 16 other genes.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, starting in early childhood and persisting into adulthood in the majority of cases. Family and twin studies have demonstrated the importance of genetic factors and candidate gene association studies have identified several loci that exert small but significant effects on ADHD. To provide further clarification of reported associations and identify novel associated genes, we examined 1,038 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning 51 candidate genes involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter pathways, particularly dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin pathways, in addition to circadian rhythm genes. Analysis used within family tests of association in a sample of 776 DSM-IV ADHD combined type cases ascertained for the International Multi-centre ADHD Gene project. We found nominal significance with one or more SNPs in 18 genes, including the two most replicated findings in the literature: DRD4 and DAT1. Gene-wide tests, adjusted for the number of SNPs analysed in each gene, identified associations with TPH2, ARRB2, SYP, DAT1, ADRB2, HES1, MAOA and PNMT. Further studies will be needed to confirm or refute the observed associations and their generalisability to other samples.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in developmentally delayed young boys with or without autism.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to investigate whether brain metabolism of boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is altered compared to boys with a developmental delay without autism if corrected for patient age and developmental level. STUDY DESIGN: 25 boys with ASD (with or without concurrent mental retardation) and 12 boys without ASD with mental retardation or language disorder underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. All analyses were performed with chronological age and developmental level as independent variables. RESULTS: No metabolic differences were found between boys with ASD and without ASD. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings do not replicate previous reports of differences in NAA, Cho and Cr levels in ASD.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

Visual sustained attention in a child psychiatric population.

OBJECTIVE: To increase knowledge of the diversity and specificity of sustained attention deficits in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with special reference to the issue of distinguishing between children with ADHD and children with other psychiatric diagnoses. METHOD: A visual sustained attention task was used to compare 52 boys with ADHD with 55 normal controls, 29 boys with oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder (ODD/CD), 29 boys with anxiety or dysthymia (ANX/DYS), 43 boys with pervasive developmental disorder, 24 boys with ADHD plus ODD/CD, and 14 boys with ADHD plus ANX/DYS. RESULTS: Compared with normal controls, children with ADHD were slower, were more inaccurate, were more impulsive, were less responsive to feedback, and showed less perceptual sensitivity and stability of performance, resulting in a marked decrease in vigilance over time. Unresponsiveness to feedback and the extent of the decrease in vigilance during time on task were found to be the only factors that distinguished children with ADHD from children with other diagnoses. CONCLUSION: Although only children with ADHD are characterized primarily by "attention deficit," sustained attention deficit is common to a certain extent to all children with psychiatric disorders.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1995

A controlled multivariate chart review of multiple complex developmental disorder.

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of the study was to ascertain the usefulness and the validity of the set of criteria proposed to define a subgroup within the DSM-III-R category of pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified under the name of multiple complex developmental disorder (MCDD). METHOD: A multivariate analysis (cluster and principal-components analysis) was performed on the characteristics, reliably extracted from the charts of 105 children with MCDD, 32 with autistic disorder, 51 with externalizing disorders, and 56 with internalizing disorders, all with an IQ greater than 70, fully assessed in our department between 1984 and 1991. RESULTS: The main finding was a strong correspondence between the classification of the cases by DSM-III-R categories and the subdivision by means of a multivariate cluster analysis. The cluster analysis did not discriminate between children with emotional and disruptive disorders. Furthermore, children with MCDD and autistic disorder were significantly different both on symptom factors ("psychotic thinking/anxiety," "aggression," "deficient interaction/communication," "stereotyped and rigid behavior," and "suspiciousness/odd interaction") and on factors that reflected developmental and environmental background variables. CONCLUSION: The results of this study add to the nosology of autistic spectrum disorders and lend additional support to the need for a separate subcategory of MCDD within DSM-V. Further corroboration of these results in independent (multicenter) samples will be required.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1994

Methylphenidate influences on both early and late ERP waves of ADHD children in a continuous performance test.

Although it has frequently been reported that hyperactive children have abnormally small P3 amplitudes of the event-related potential (ERP), which are normalized by the stimulant drug methylphenidate (MPH), the literature is inconsistent concerning earlier ERP waves. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the normalizing effect of a 10-mg dose of MPH was also apparent on earlier waves, such as the N1, the P2, and the N2, besides the P3. Twelve attention deficit with hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children performed a Continuous Performance Test involving a button-press response to the letter X (CPT-X) under the influence of MPH in a double-blind placebo controlled acute dosage design. ERPs were recorded at Oz, Pz, Cz, and Fz. The expected increase of the parietal P3, both to targets and nontargets, was apparent, as well as a significant increase in percentage of hits. There also was a significant increase of an earlier, negative going, wave, the N2, with a frontal maximum, under the influence of MPH. This wave was probably a manifestation of an increase in processing negativity for target stimuli only, after the intake of the stimulant drug. No effect of MPH was found on the N1 or the P2.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Interaction between ACTH fragments, brain opiate receptors and morphine-induced analgesia.

The present study confirms that N-terminal fragments of ACTH have an affinity for rat brain opiate receptors in vitro. Such peptides, devoid of corticotrophic activity, were found to inhibit morphine-induced analgesia if they also possessed affinity for opiate receptors in vitro. The structure-activity relationship for these two parameters is comparable to that observed for the same peptides on the induction of excessive grooming.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗