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Biomedical subjects

J Burnie

Publications and source records attributed to J Burnie.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Diagnosis of systemic candidiasis by an enzyme-linked dot immunobinding assay for a circulating immunodominant 47-kilodalton antigen.

A dot immunobinding assay based on the detection of the immunodominant 47-kilodalton (kDa) antigen of Candida albicans is described for the serological diagnosis of systemic candidiasis. It was compared with a reverse passive latex agglutination test and a dot immunobinding assay with total unfractionated hyperimmune serum to C. albicans. Use of the 47-kDa antigen-specific probe increased both the sensitivity and specificity of the assay system. Patients with systemic candidiasis were detected earlier in the course of the infection. The rate of detection of systemic C. albicans infections in neutropenic patients was 77% compared with 55% with total antibody in the dot immunobinding assay and 29% with the latex test. All three assay systems were positive in over 73% of infected patients who were not neutropenic. The 47-kDa antigen-specific probe was relatively specific to C. albicans. Antibody probes to the immunodominant antigens of other yeasts might be incorporated in the same dot immunobinding assay to detect systemic candidiasis caused by other species of yeasts.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1987

Immunoblot analysis: a new method for fingerprinting hospital pathogens.

Immunoblotting has recently become popular as a way of fingerprinting those hospital pathogens where other more conventional typing systems are deficient. Extracts of microorganisms are prepared by chemical or enzymic means, run on a standard SDS-PAGE gel and transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane. They are then probed either by a hyperimmune antiserum raised in a rabbit or by serum from a patient who has been previously infected by the organism. The pattern of antigenic bands which stain forms the basis of the method. This article discusses the limitations of the system, makes recommendations for further systems and outlines a typical fingerprinting protocol.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Factors affecting selected reciprocal muscle group ratios in preadolescents.

This study examines the influence of limb velocity and lateral dominance on the relationship between the knee flexors and extensors. Thirty preadolescents, 18 male and 12 female, performed a series of reciprocal knee flexion-extension movements on the Cybex II isokinetic system. The tests were performed at a range of selected velocities and on both dominant and nondominant limbs. The agonist-antagonist ratios considered were the peak torque ratios, the torque ratio produced at specific angles, and the ratio comparing the total work performed by the hamstrings with that of the quadriceps. The results showed that an increased limb velocity produces a significant increase in the peak torque and work ratios (P less than 0.05), limb velocity has no significant effect on the torque ratio produced at 30 degrees and 60 degrees in the preadolescents, and lower limb lateral dominance has no significant effect on the three ratios examined.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Fingerprinting Candida albicans.

A new method of typing Candida albicans based on immunoblotting is described. Isolates were disrupted by a mixture of enzymic pretreatment with alpha-mannosidase followed by sonication. They were then stained using a modified ELISA system by a rabbit hyperimmune serum raised against a single isolate, C. albicans NCTC 3153. The 190 isolates examined from the London Hospital produced 16 different types. Type 1 accounted for 43% of the isolates and was the commonest type outside the intensive care unit. Type 2 caused an outbreak of systemic candidosis on the intensive care unit. The technique was much more sensitive than the serotyping and morphotyping methods and lacked the phenotypic variability of the biotyping procedure previously used to define the outbreak. The gel-to-gel variation precludes its use in large scale epidemiological work. Its value lies in identification of outbreaks so that they can be controlled by the introduction of measures to prevent cross-infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Isokinetic measurement in preadolescent males.

Eighteen preadolescent males (mean age 11.4 +/- 0.59 years) performed 15 knee flexion-extension repetitions on both legs. Peak torque (T peak) and torque acceleration energy (TAE) were measured using the Cybex II Isokinetic system, which permitted a study of the effect of limb velocity on T peak, TAE, and reciprocal muscle group ratios. The effect of limb dominance was also assessed. The results indicated (Student's t test) that an increase in limb velocity from 1.05 rad/s to 4.2 rad/s produced a significant decrease in the T peak generated (P less than 0.001). A similar increase in limb velocity resulted in a significant increase in the TAE recorded (P less than 0.001). The limb velocity was also shown to influence the T peak and TAE ratios in reciprocal muscle groups. At a limb velocity 1.05 rad/s mean T peak ratios of 0.64 and 0.66 were recorded for the dominant and nondominant limbs, respectively. At 4.2 rad/s, ratios recorded for dominant and non-dominant limbs were 0.79 and 0.80, respectively. The limb velocity of 1.05 rad/s produced TAE ratios of 0.21 (dominant) and 0.14 (nondominant), and at 4.2 rad/s, ratios of 0.28 and 0.24 were recorded for dominant and non-dominant limbs, respectively. No significant difference (P less than 0.001) was observed between T peak and TAE values recorded for the dominant and non-dominant limbs under the same conditions. These results indicate that young boys show velocity-related isokinetic strength characteristics similar to adults. Although they have lower absolute levels, the children showed typical adult reciprocal muscle group ratios. Limb dominance at this age is not reflected in strength differences.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

A reverse passive latex agglutination test for the diagnosis of systemic candidosis.

A new reverse passive latex agglutination test for the detection of serum antigen in systemic Candida albicans infection is reported. 1700 sera were examined from 91 patients who had either proven or suspected systemic candidosis, 183 patients who were colonized and 636 patients with no evidence of candidal infection. Thirty of the systemically infected patients had lymphoproliferative disorders and the rest a variety of surgical or medical diseases with no underlying neutropenia. The latex particles were sensitised with an antiserum raised in rabbits against a pressate of Candida albicans. The degree of antigenaemia was proportional to the likelihood of invasive disease such that a diagnostic cut-off point of 1 in 8 produced a test for systemic candidosis with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 80.4% in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. In the remaining medical and surgical patients a diagnostic cut-off point of 1 in 10 produced a test with a sensitivity of 96.7% and specificity of 98.8%. The patients with lymphoproliferative disorders tended to produce lower serum antigen levels. The sera were also assayed for antibody using latex particles sensitised with pressate.

Adult↗