ABC of sexual health: female sexual problems II: sexual pain and sexual fears.
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Dyspareunia↗
Biomedical subjects
J Butcher
Publications and source records attributed to J Butcher.
ABC of sexual health: female sexual problems I: loss of desire-what about the fun?
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Female↗
Chorioretinal lesions in patients and carriers of chronic granulomatous disease.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency of retinal lesions in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and to seek such lesions in carriers. STUDY DESIGN: Seventy-four individuals from 33 families were recruited; 38 had CGD (30 X-linked and 8 autosomal recessive inheritance). All participants (including 33 control subjects) underwent measurement of visual acuity, anterior segment examination by slit lamp, and dilated funduscopy. RESULTS: Nine of 38 (23.7%) of the affected children had chorioretinal lesions compared with 0 of 33 control subjects. All 9 were known to have X-linked CGD and absent gp91(phox). The "typical" retinal abnormality consisted of "punched out" chorioretinal lesions associated with pigment clumping lying along major retinal vessels. Unexpectedly, 3 XL-CGD asymptomatic carriers also had typical chorioretinal lesions. CONCLUSION: Retinal lesions are relatively common in patients with XL-CGD and may interfere with vision and thus should be sought in such patients.
Adolescent↗
Effects of six weeks of chronic ethanol administration on the behavioral outcome of rats after lateral fluid percussion brain injury.
This study examined the effects of 6 weeks of chronic ethanol administration on the behavioral outcome in rats after lateral fluid percussion (FP) brain injury. Rats were given either an ethanol liquid diet (ethanol diet-groups) or a pair-fed isocaloric sucrose control diet (control diet groups) for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, the ethanol diet was discontinued for the ethanol diet rats and they were then given the control sucrose diet for 2 days. During those 2 days, the rats were trained to perform a beam-walking task and subjected to either lateral FP brain injury of low to moderate severity (1.8 atm) or to sham operation. In both the control diet and the ethanol diet groups, lateral FP brain injury caused beam-walking impairment on days 1 and 2 and spatial learning disability on days 7 and 8 after brain injury. There were no significant differences in beam-walking performance and spatial learning disability between brain injured animals from the control and ethanol diet groups. However, a trend towards greater behavioral deficits was observed in brain injured animals in the ethanol diet group. Histologic analysis of both diet groups after behavioral assessment revealed comparable ipsilateral cortical damage and observable CA3 neuronal loss in the ipsilateral hippocampus. These results only suggest that chronic ethanol administration, longer than six weeks of administration, may worsen behavioral outcome following lateral FP brain injury. For more significant behavioral and/or morphological change to occur, we would suggest that the duration of chronic ethanol administration must be increased.
Animals↗
The effects of physical exercise on patients with Crohn's disease.
OBJECTIVE: Despite the suggested benefits of exercise training in the prevention and management of chronic diseases, few data exist regarding the safety of exercise in Crohn's disease and whether or not exercise may have beneficial effects on patients' health. We performed a pilot study to evaluate the effects of regular light-intensity exercise on sedentary patients with Crohn's disease. METHODS: Sedentary patients with inactive or mildly active Crohn's disease were eligible for the study. A thrice-weekly, 12-wk walking program was supervised, although if subjects could not attend the group walking sessions they were allowed to walk on their own. Logbooks of performance were maintained, and individual exercise heart rate goals were established. Measures performed at baseline and at study completion included the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Stress Index, the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Quality of Life Score, the Harvey and Bradshaw Simple Index, the Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test, VO2 Max, and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: Twelve subjects completed the 12-wk exercise program. Subjects walked an average of 2.9 sessions/wk, at an average of 32.6 min/session, and for an average distance of 3.5 km/session. Statistically significant improvements at study end were seen by all measures, with a trend toward reduction in BMI. No patient's disease flared during the study. CONCLUSIONS: Sedentary patients with Crohn's disease can tolerate low-intensity exercise of moderate duration without an exacerbation of symptoms. Twelve weeks of walking was adequate to elicit psychological and physical improvements and did not adversely affect disease activity.
Adult↗
Risk factors for treatment outcome of suspected microbial keratitis. Ofloxacin Study Group.
BACKGROUND: Primary treatment for suspected microbial keratitis is generally successful. Although risks such as contact lens use are well recognised as causative factors for microbial keratitis, little is known about the risk factors that influence treatment outcome. The present study evaluates the risk factors assessed at diagnosis as prognostic indicators of primary treatment failure. METHODS: Patients were prospectively enrolled in the ofloxacin treatment trial and data concerning symptoms, treatments, past and concurrent eye disease were collected along with the measurement of corneal ulcer size at the slit lamp. All patients were scraped for microbiological investigation, and treated with either ofloxacin (0. 3%) or standard therapy of fortified cefuroxime and gentamicin drops. Treatment success was complete healing of the ulcer with zero dimensions of the epithelial defect within 2 weeks of start of treatment. The important prognostic indicators were selected by comparison among those who failed treatment, had delayed healing, or were culture positive with other patients using univariate and stratified analysis. These were then used in a Poisson model for multiple regression analysis to estimate the relative risk of the main prognostic variables. RESULTS: Of the 118 patients enrolled in the study, 14 were identified as primary treatment failures, 17 had slow healing, and 15 indolent ulcers. There were 49 culture positive patients. The multivariate analysis identified that large culture positive ulcers in patients 60 years or older had 5.5 times the risk of primary treatment failure (p<0.001). Significant predictors of slow healing were previous ocular disease and a positive culture; significant predictors of indolent ulceration were previous ocular disease and steroid use at diagnosis; the main predictor of a culture positive result was ulcer size. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients with large ulcers were more likely to be culture positive, fail primary therapy, and require surgical intervention. A positive microbial culture provided prognostic information regardless of the organism isolated. However, this information was of less value for those with small ulcers and for younger patients.
Adolescent↗
Effects of six weeks of chronic ethanol administration on lactic acid accumulation and high energy phosphate levels after experimental brain injury in rats.
The effects of 6 weeks of chronic ethanol administration on the lateral fluid percussion (FP) brain injury-induced regional accumulation of lactate and on the levels of total high-energy phosphates were examined in rats. In both the chronic ethanol diet (ethanol diet) and pair-fed isocaloric sucrose control diet (control diet) groups, tissue concentrations of lactate were elevated in the cortices and hippocampi of both the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres at 5 min after brain injury. In both diet groups, concentrations of lactate were elevated only in the injured left cortex and the ipsilateral hippocampus at 20 min after FP brain injury. No significant differences were found in the levels of lactate in the cortices and hippocampi of sham animals and brain-injured animals between the ethanol and control diet groups at 5 min and 20 min after injury. In the ethanol and control diet groups, tissue concentrations of total high-energy phosphates (ATP + PCr) were not affected in the cortices and hippocampi at 5 min and 20 min after lateral FP brain injury. No significant differences were found in the levels of total high-energy phosphates in the cortices and hippocampi of the sham and brain-injured animals between the ethanol and control diet groups at 5 min and 20 min after injury. Histologic studies revealed a similar extent of damage in the cortex and in the CA3 region of the ipsilateral hippocampus in both diet groups at 14 days after lateral FP brain injury. These findings suggest that 6 weeks of chronic ethanol administration does not alter brain injury-induced accumulation of lactate, levels of total high energy phosphates, and extent of morphological damage.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Common upper-extremity injuries.
In the daily practice of family medicine, injuries to the upper extremity are frequently encountered. Most of these injuries can by easily treated by the primary care physician who has an understanding of the joint anatomy and treatment principles. Some injuries, however, may appear relatively minor, yet require prompt referral for surgical care. We reviewed the pathoanatomy, historical and physical examination findings, and treatment of the more common injuries to the hand, wrist, elbow, and shoulder.
Arm Injuries↗
Phlebitis associated with peripheral cannulae.
Observation of the cannula is imperative in detecting early signs of phlebitis. To maintain high standards of cannula care, nurse education is important, along with regular auditing of the incidence of phlebitis. Careful consideration should be given to the size of cannula used and the position in which it is sited. Use of Vialon cannulae may be preferable to Teflon.
Catheterization, Peripheral↗
Hearing loss in myotonic dystrophy.
Seventeen of 25 patients with myotonic dystrophy had moderate to severe hearing loss, usually sensorineural, that was identified by routine audiometric screening and was treatable in some patients. Further testing failed to reveal a single pathophysiological process.
Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
Longitudinal analysis of adolescent girls' aspirations at school and perceptions of popularity.
The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine changes in adolescent girls' aspirations at school and perceptions of popularity as they matured, and to determine if there were any differences between participants and nonparticipants on interschool teams. One hundred forty girls completed a questionnaire each year for five years from Grades 6 to 10 (ages 11 to 15), answering the following questions: What would you most like to do at school? Which of the following make you most popular among your friends? and How many interschool teams have you been on? For aspirations at school the overwhelming first choice of the total sample was making good grades; participants ranked being good at sports second; nonparticipants ranked being popular second. For the total sample, being popular increased slightly in importance, while sports decreased slightly over the five years. As for perceptions of popularity, grades were most important in Grades 6 and 10, while looks were ranked first during junior high school. Interschool participants ranked grades and sports first or second, while nonparticipants chose looks as most important for achieving popularity.
Achievement↗
A focus of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Três Braços, Bahia, Brazil: characterization and identification of Leishmania stocks isolated from man and dogs.
The characterization and identification to species and subspecies of 20 stocks of Leishmania isolated from the region of Três Braços, Bahia, Brazil, are described: 17 stocks were from patients and three from dogs. The following techniques were used (i) biological (growth in culture, hamster tissues and phlebotomine gut), (ii) biochemical (isoenzyme and kinetoplast DNA analysis) and (iii) immunological (using monoclonal antibodies). All except two stocks belong to the L. braziliensis complex. One of these two corresponded to L. mexicana amazonensis but the other, while clearly in the mexicana complex, showed slight differences from the L. mexicana amazonensis reference strain on isoenzyme analysis. Two stocks from different lesions in the same patient and with different growth characteristics in hamster tissues were both identified as L. braziliensis braziliensis. All the fully characterized stocks of the L. braziliensis complex were identified as L. braziliensis braziliensis. L. braziliensis guyanensis was not identified. Dog and human stocks of L. braziliensis braziliensis were indistinguishable. From these findings and other evidence, L. braziliensis braziliensis seems to be the predominant species transmitted in Três Braços.
Animals↗
The use of DNA probes in the identification of leishmanias: discrimination between isolates of the Leishmania mexicana and L. braziliensis complexes.
Kinetoplast DNA (kDNA), initially characterized by buoyant density, from ten reference isolates of the Leishmania braziliensis and L. mexicana complexes has been radio-actively labelled and used as hybridization probes. Filters containing endonuclease digested, electrophoresed, Southern transferred fragments of kDNA from reference and other isolates sent to us for DNA typing have been tested for kDNA sequence homology. We record a complete lack of sequence homology between kDNA of any isolate of the L. braziliensis complex and kDNA of any isolate of the L. mexicana complex. L. b. braziliensis, L. b. guyanensis and L. b. panamensis have kDNA sequences in common with each other and with a number of test isolates from Brazil, Panama, Venezuela and Peru. L. b. panamensis (1.695 g/ml) can be separated from L. b. braziliensis or L. b. guyanensis (1.691-1.693 g/ml) by differences in buoyant density of kDNA. L. m. mexicana and L. m. pifanoi have kDNA sequences in common with each other but kDNA of L. m. amazonensis has insignificant homology with kDNA of other reference isolates of the L. mexicana complex. We conclude that the kDNAs of species of the L. mexicana complex are sufficiently different from kDNA of species of the L. braziliensis complex to make kDNA sequence homology identification a feasible proposition.
Animals↗
Socialization of adolescent girls into physical activity.
This study examined variables which influence the socialization of adolescent girls into physical activity using the three components of Kenyon and McPherson's (1973) model: personal attributes, socializing agents, and socialization situations. The questionnaire was completed by 661 girls from Grades 6 to 10. Of the six measures of physical activity, participation was significantly different among grades for three variables but not for three others. Different components of the socialization model were more important for certain types of activities than for others. For competitive interschool teams and intramural activities, certain personal attributes (movement satisfaction and self-confident, independent, and assertive self-descriptions) were most important. For community-organized activities, socializing agents and socialization situations (socioeconomic status) were most influential, while for the total activities participated in, socialization situations (amount of sports equipment) were crucial.
Adolescent↗
The distribution of multiple sclerosis in relation to the dairy industry and milk consumption.
This report emphasises the striking correlation between the world distribution of dairy production and consumption and the incidence of multiple sclerosis. The irregular distribution of multiple sclerosis has been extensively investigated and many comparative studies of specific variables undertaken. It seems likely that there could be a combination of predisposing or precipitating factors involved in its aetiology, and that some environmental phenomenon plays a part. This report suggests that milk consumption may be a common aetiological factor.
Animals↗
Ascorbic acid supplementation in the treatment of pressure-sores.
In a prospective double-blind controlled trial the effect of large doses of ascorbic acid on the healing of pressure-sores has been assessed. 20 surgical patients were studied, the pressure areas being assessed by serial photography and ulcer tracings. The mean ascorbic-acid levels in treated and non-treated groups one month after the start of treatment were 65.6 and 25.8 mug per 10-8 white blood-cells. In the group treated with ascorbic acid there was a mean reduction in pressure-sore area of 84% after one month compared with 42.7% in the placebo group. These findings are statistically significant (P less than 0.005) and suggest that ascorbic acid may accelerate the healing of pressure-sores.
Aged↗
Malignant degeneration of nonirradiated juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis.
Malignant degeneration in nonirradiated juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis is exceedingly rare. Review of the world literature reveals one case in the English literature and two in the German literature. A 23-year-old patient, representing the youngest reported case in English literature, is presented.
Adult↗