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Biomedical subjects

J C Aschoff

Publications and source records attributed to J C Aschoff.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Computerized tomography in atrophy of the posterior fossa (author's transl)].

Cranial computerized tomography was carried out in 69 patients with cerebellar ataxia (45 with Friedreich's ataxia, 4 with Marie's spastic ataxia, 14 with cerebellar atrophy, and one patient with olivo-pontocerebellar atrophy). In CT scans cerebellar atrophy is found to be of various localisation and partially of characteristic distribution. CT, therefore, greatly helps to distinguish different types of cerebellar and spino-cerebellar atrophy and also distinguishes separate cerebellar atrophy of various origin from other diseases like multiple sclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[A computer oculographic and electroencephalographic double-blind study including well-being for determining changed vigilance under therapy with tiapride].

Owing to its specific action on the dopaminergic neurons of the corpus striatum, which has been demonstrated in animal experiments. N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-5-(methyl-sulfonyl)-o-anisamide (tiapride, Tiapridex) a recently developed drug from the family of the benzamides, appears to be particularly suited for the treatment of motor disorders resulting from extrapyramidal effects. In a double-blind study, the action of the drug on the vigilance of 16 normal subjects was compared with that of diazepam and a placebo. A minor reduction in vigilance was seen in the EOG and EEG following administration of 100 mg three times daily. However, this effect would not be expected to impair general performance or behaviour in traffic. With regard to self-assessment (existential orientation scale, list of complaints), no change was noted in male individuals receiving tiapride, while female test persons exhibited a slight tendency toward feeling low, though their mood remained above the limits of depression.

Arousal↗
PubMed1979

[Therapy of extrapyramidal motor disturbances by tiaprid (author's transl)].

In animal experiments Costall and Naylor (1977) showed that Tiaprid, a benzamide derivative of the orthopamids, inhibits dopamine receptors in the caudate nucleus and putamen but not in the mesolimbic system. Involuntary movements in patients with extrapyramidal movement disorders were reduced by 300 mg daily. Good results were obtained in 56% of 93 patients (25 in this study and 68 from the literature). On the whole the efficacy of Tiaprid seems far better than that of neuroleptics, and side effects are definitely fewer.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Diagnostic problems in dizziness or vertigo (author's transl)].

Different causes of dizziness or vertigo can only be recognized by thorough anamnestic explorations. Following a classification in vestibular and nonvestibular causes for vertigo, a further differentiation is possible by defining different characteristic qualities of the symptoms involved. In addition to the classical vestibular forms of vertigo seen, dizziness currently results from drug overdosages, hypertension, polyneuropathy and--less commonly, but equally important--brief epileptic seizures. Psychosomatic and neurotic symptoms may also lead to unsteady gait, dizziness or vertigo, all of which are distinguished only with difficulty by the patient.

Altitude↗
PubMed1977

[Sulpiride in the prevention of migraine. A mechanism of hormonal interaction?].

In women migraine attacks are often related to hormonal changes and it has been demonstrated that migraine attacks correlate with falling plasma estrogen levels. Sulpiride, a benzamide derivative with neuroleptic and thymoleptic properties, is known to act at the hypothalamic level and in particular, to inhibit releasing factors responsible for follicle-stimulating hormone and prolactin secretion. In this way, sulpiride keeps estrogen levels low and prevents major fluctuations. 34 women and 6 men with classical, recurrent attacks of migraine were treated with sulpiride 300 mg/day, for several month and up to a two-year period. Of these, 55 percent became completely free of migraine, 20 percent improved, and the remaining 25 percent did not benefit. When sulpiride was withdrawn, migraine frequently recurred. Side effects were related to the above-mentioned hormonal changes: amenorrhea or delayed menstruation in 60 percent, breast tension in 40 percent and transient galactorrhea in 14 percent. Some weight gain was reported from allmost all patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Effects of voluntary isometric and isotonic activity on late transcortical reflex components in normal subjects and hemiparetic patients.

When the median nerve is stimulated at the wrist during voluntary contraction of m. abductor pollicis brevis (APB) EMG activity of this muscle contains different distinct responses: a direct muscular response (M response), a spinal reflex response (S response) and a third late reflex response, first described by Upton et al. (1971) as a second volitional reflex response (V2). Comparison of this very likely long-loop reflex involving pathways to and from the cortical level (therefore labelled C response) under isometric (hold) and isotonic (move) contraction revealed a strong facilitation of the response under the latter condition. Repetitive trains of stimuli had stronger facilitatory effect on the occurrence of this late reflex response than single stimuli. Cutaneous stimuli of the median nerve afferents did not exhibit M and S responses but definite late excitatory responses with similar latencies to the C responses. In cases of hemiparesis (mild to severe loss of sensorimotor control of finger movements) the C response was diminished, delayed or absent. These findings together with recent primate and human experimental work support the hypothesis of a transcortical stretch reflex. On the premise that muscular as well as cutaneous afferents contribute to the afferent cortical input the late C response can be interpreted as the efferent component. The C response may be a valuable aid in the diagnosis of small lesions of the sensorimotor cortex and internal capsule.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[The diagnostic value of the F wave latency (author's transl)].

The N. medianus was stimulated electrically in 44 healthy persons and in 30 unselected diabetics. Latencies of the F wave were measured, corrected for different lengths of the upper extremity, and used for computation of nerve conduction velocity. In comparison with conventional motor nerve conduction velocities the F wave latencies showed a more pronounced difference between the normal and the pathological (diabetic) range. The F wave nerve conduction velocities also varied less than conventional nerve conduction velocities. The explanation for this might be that the F wave recordings are the result of a full anti- and orthodromic impulse propagation which travels 5 to 6 times further than the impulse measured with conventional nerve conduction velocity methods. Therefore small delays of nerve conduction will be amplified and can be better recognized by F wave latency measurements. The present findings suggest that F wave latencies may be more sensitive than conventional nerve conduction velocities in evaluating mild cases and in identifying the initial phases of neuropathies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1974

Acquired pendular nystagmus with oscillopsia in multiple sclerosis: a sign of cerebellar nuclei disease.

In an unselected series of 644 cases of multiple sclerosis, 25 cases with acquired pendular nystagmus were found. Ten additional cases of pendular nystagmus in multiple sclerosis were investigated, and four cases from the literature are analysed. Acquired pendular nystagmus is purely sinusoidal in form, ceases with eye closure, is accompanied by oscillopsia, often monocular and vertical in direction, and never accompanied by optokinetic inversion. This is different from congenital nystagmus. Acquired pendular nystagmus in multiple sclerosis shows a high correlation with holding tremor of head and arm and with trunk ataxia, and must therefore be viewed as a result of lesions of cerebellar nuclei or their fibre connections with the brain-stem. Supporting evidence is discussed. The results fit into a theory of cerebellar function according to which the cerebellar nuclei are involved in the maintenance of positions.

Adult↗