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Biomedical subjects

J C Atkinson

Publications and source records attributed to J C Atkinson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Major salivary gland function in primary Sjögren's syndrome and its relationship to clinical features.

Unstimulated and stimulated salivary secretions of both the parotid and submandibular/sublingual glands were studied in 64 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome to define further salivary changes in this disorder. The stimulated flows of the submandibular/sublingual glands were below normal in 56 of 64 patients, while stimulated parotid flows were decreased in only 35. Compositional changes of the submandibular saliva paralleled changes of parotid saliva, and these data suggest that ductal electrolyte resorption is altered in the glands of patients. Finally, stimulated parotid flow rates correlated inversely with focus scores of the minor salivary gland biopsies.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Objective measures of swallowing in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome.

Primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disorder primarily affecting salivary and lacrimal glands. Durational measures of the oral phase of swallowing were obtained on 34 patients with primary SS and 34 age-matched controls from analyses of ultrasound scans. Two conditions were examined: a basal (BA) swallow (only endogeneous secretions present in the subjects' mouths) and a 10 ml water bolus (WB) swallow. The patients with SS produced swallowing durations significantly longer (p less than 0.05) than those of the controls for each of the two conditions. Moreover, unlike normals, over 40% of the patients with SS produced WB swallows that were longer than their BA swallows. For further analyses, patients with SS were classified into two groups based on the difference in duration between their BA and WB swallows. These two groups differed from each other on clinical evaluations of oral motor function and presenting complaints. No significant differences were found between these two groups for salivary function or immunologic profile. These findings support the hypothesis that dysphagia can result from conditions leading to salivary gland dysfunction and document the need for the assessment of swallowing function in patients with Sjogren's syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Longitudinal evaluation of major salivary gland function in HIV-1 infected patients.

Parotid and submandibular gland function were evaluated in 12 HIV-1 antibody-positive men at two visits separated by a median interval of 14.5 months (range 6-22 months). Unstimulated and stimulated flow rates, and the concentrations of total protein, lysozyme, albumin and lactoferrin in these secretions, were determined. Parotid and submandibular gland secretions changed in a specific fashion with time. Lysozyme levels in both glandular stimulated secretions showed significant changes (approximately 40% and 70% elevated, between visits, in parotid and submandibular saliva, respectively). In addition, the frequency with which albumin was detected in unstimulated parotid secretions increased with time. These findings support earlier results suggesting the presence of alterations in major salivary gland function following HIV-1 infection. Submandibular gland function appears to manifest these alterations earlier, but with time the parotid secretions show similar changes.

Albumins↗
PubMed1989

Effects of furosemide on the oral cavity.

Furosemide, a potent loop diuretic, has been reported to cause xerostomia, a sensation of oral dryness. We obtained urine and salivary secretions from five normal males after oral intake of either 0.5 mg/kg body weight of furosemide or placebo. The experimental treatment resulted in a five-fold increase in urinary output. In contrast, analysis of salivary secretions indicated there were no significant differences in flow rates, total output, total protein, or Na+, K+, or Cl- concentrations following drug or placebo. Subjectively, xerostomia was experienced 10 times more frequently after ingestion of furosemide. These data suggest that, in vivo, furosemide had a greater effect on the kidney than on the salivary gland and that the sensation of oral dryness is not solely a function of the quantitative salivary output.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Salivary inhibition of HIV-1 infectivity: functional properties and distribution in men, women, and children.

Human salivary gland secretions inhibit infection of human lymphocytes by the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This activity was found in saliva collected directly from the orifice of the major salivary gland ducts and the whole saliva of healthy male volunteers. In the current report, the observations on salivary secretions are expanded to a greater number of individuals, including healthy women and children, and men infected with HIV-1.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

IgA rheumatoid factor and IgA containing immune complexes in primary Sjögren's syndrome.

IgA rheumatoid factor (RF) and immune complexes containing IgA-IgG, C3-IgA, and C3-IgG from sera of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and controls were quantified by ELISA. Salivary tissue obtained from patients at the same time as serum was scored to simultaneously reflect lymphoplasmocytic infiltrate and fibrosis. Patients had significantly increased amounts of IgA RF and all complexes when compared to controls (p less than 0.0005). IgA-IgG complexes, thought to be IgG-IgA RF complexes, were inversely correlated to tissue pathology (p less than 0.001) and peripheral white blood cell counts. Additionally, IgA RF was inversely correlated to stimulated parotid flow. This suggests immune complex formation precedes tissue destruction or is associated with less destructive pathology in primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Oral defense mechanisms are impaired early in HIV-1 infected patients.

We have examined the hypothesis that individuals infected with human immune deficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) experience significant, specific alterations in mechanisms protecting the oral cavity prior to the appearance of AIDS-related systemic opportunistic infections. In a study of 13 early-stage, stable anti-HIV antibody positive patients, parotid salivary function was found to be generally intact. In contrast, several indicators of submandibular gland dysfunction were detected. In particular, stimulated fluid output was decreased and salivary lysozyme levels were increased relative to controls by 50-60% for both resting (p less than 0.05) and stimulated (p less than 0.001) conditions. Also, the frequency of albumin detection in submandibular saliva samples was approximately 65% in HIV-1 infected patients vs. 0% in controls (p less than 0.05). In addition, cytologic evaluation of oral mucosa revealed a fivefold increase in the prevalence of candidal hyphae in HIV-1 infected patients compared to controls (41% vs. 8%, p less than 0.05). We conclude that normal oral defense mechanisms show signs of compromise in HIV-1 infected individuals. We suggest that (a) effects of HIV-1 infection are seen early in the oral cavity, (b) impairment of oral defense mechanisms may facilitate entry of microorganisms with an attendant increased risk of morbidity and mortality, and (c) intensive oral surveillance and prophylactic care should be part of the routine management afforded to AIDS patients soon after HIV-1 infection is recognized.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Xerostomia.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1982

Detection of invasiveness of mammalian cells by Escherichia coli: collaborative study.

In a collaborative study of 2 standard procedures (Procedure I, presented in J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 60, 546-562 (1977) and Procedure II in the Bacteriological Analytical Manual, 1978), 7 laboratories evaluated the invasive potential of Escherichia coli. Monolayers of HeLa cultures were infected with E. coli (infectivity ratio 100 bacteria/mammalian cell) suspended in 2 menstrua: heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (Procedure I) and 0.2% bovine albumin Fraction V dissolved in Earle's buffered salts (Procedure II). After uptake of the bacteria, intracellular growth, and differential staining, the percentages of HeLa cells containing a minimum of 5 bacteria were determined microscopically. All laboratories correctly identified invasiveness of E. coli by Procedure I; 5 of 6 laboratories recognized invasiveness by Procedure II. Although Procedure I was more reproducible than Procedure II, repeatability did not differ significantly. Procedure I was adopted official first action for presumptive recognition of invasiveness in E. coli.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1981

Pharmacists' tasks, skills and attributes. Their professional importance and desirable teaching environment in the Australian state of Tasmania.

The professional importance of tasks, skills and attributes of pharmacists in an Australian state have been evaluated by various groups of pharmacists and allied health professionals. The most desirable teaching environment (academic or workplace) for the teaching of these tasks and skills has also been determined. Essential tasks, skills and attributes include those on drug knowledge, prescription handling and bench skills, verbal skills and professional responsibility. Most pharmacists' tasks and skills should be taught in both the academic environment and the workplace.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sickle-cell anemia: a case report and literature review.

Sickle-cell disease is characterized by the pathophysiological features of chronic hemolytic anemia, vaso-occlusion resulting in ischemic tissue injury and painful episodes. The organs at greatest risk are the spleen, kidney and bone marrow, where oxygen tension is low and blood flow is diminished. However, disease may also present in the mandible. The oral manifestations and radiographic findings of a sickle cell patient with a left mandibular neuropathy, along with dental management guidelines are presented in the context of interdisciplinary care.

Adult↗