PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J C Bode

Publications and source records attributed to J C Bode.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Endotoxemia in patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic cirrhosis and in subjects with no evidence of chronic liver disease following acute alcohol excess.

The presence of endotoxemia in peripheral venous blood was evaluated in 88 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) and in 42 patients with non-alcoholic cirrhosis (NAC). The two groups did not differ significantly with respect to mean age, liver function tests, and incidence of esophageal varices or ascites. In addition, a group of 24 patients with no evidence of chronic liver disease but with acute exposure to large quantities of alcoholic beverages was investigated. Endotoxin was determined by using the Limulus lysate test. The assays were carried out in the plasma samples by both the dilution technique and the chloroform extraction method. Endotoxemia was found more frequently in patients with AC (67.3%) than in patients with NAC (45.5%, P less than 0.025). The prevalence of endotoxemia was not significantly higher in cirrhotics with ascites or esophageal varices when compared to the subgroup without ascites or esophageal varices. Of the 24 patients with no evidence of chronic liver disease investigated because of acute alcohol excess immediately before admission 11 (45.7%) were found to have endotoxin in the peripheral venous blood. In 7 of these patients a second blood sample was tested 5-8 days later and no endotoxin could be detected. The latter results suggest that heavy alcohol abuse leads to transient endotoxemia even in patients with no signs of chronic liver disease. The findings support the hypothesis that gut-derived endotoxins might play a role in the initiation and aggravation of alcohol-induced liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Alcohol-induced liver injury after jejunoileal bypass operation in rats.

The objective of this study was to investigate whether alcohol administration exerts a synergistic effect on jejunoileal bypass-induced liver dysfunction in rats. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 90% jejunoileal bypass or sham operation. For 10 weeks, subgroups were pair-fed either an alcohol-containing (36% of total calories) liquid diet or a liquid diet where alcohol was replaced isocalorically by starch. Alcohol feeding in rats with jejunoileal bypass increased hepatic triglyceride content about 6-fold as compared with bypassed rats receiving control diet. Neither jejunoileal bypass nor alcohol feeding led to significant changes in hepatic DNA and protein contents. Alcohol feeding increased cytochrome P-450 levels both in operated and in sham-operated rats. The administration of alcohol-containing diet decreased the activity of succinic dehydrogenase, the decrease being distinctly more pronounced in rats with jejunoileal bypass than in the sham-operated controls. Light microscopy revealed no significant morphological alterations in liver sections of rats fed the control diet after jejunoileal bypass or of rats receiving either the alcohol-containing diet or the control diet after sham operation. Alcohol feeding in bypassed rats, however, produced marked diffuse accumulation of fat, and regularly led to other histological abnormalities in the liver. These abnormalities included ballooning of hepatocytes and disarray of the trabecular structure of the liver lobule, hyalin inclusions resembling megamitochondria, single-cell necrosis and focal clustering of necrosis, increased number of mitotic figures, and infiltrates with inflammatory cells. The histological lesions of the liver of bypassed rats receiving alcohol exhibited no obvious zonal distribution. The results demonstrate that alcohol feeding to rats subjected to jejunoileal bypass leads to marked liver injury which mimics, at least in part, that of alcohol-induced liver disease in man. Rats subjected to jejunoileal bypass may, therefore, provide a new model for the study of alcoholic liver disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Adverse reactions and changes in norepinephrine and epinephrine in the plasma after intravenous thyroliberin in persons with normal and abnormal thyroid function].

14 normal volunteers, 23 patients with euthyroid goiter, 9 patients with hypothyroidism and 17 patients with hyperthyroidism were injected with 400 micrograms thyroliberin (thyrotropin releasing hormone, TRH). The documented side effects were the same in all the 4 groups studied. Subjective symptoms such as flushing, nausea, urinary urgency, dizziness and headache in decreasing sequence were mentioned by 86% of subjects. Shortly after thyroliberin injection, a mean increase of 26 +/- 13 mm Hg for systolic and 14 +/- 6 mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure as well as an increased heart rate by 7.2 +/- 6.6 min-1 was demonstrated. Plasma catecholamines were lowered in patients with euthyroid goiter and hyperthyroidism and raised in patients with hypothyroidism, compared with the controls. Thyroliberin administration was associated with an activation of the sympathoadrenal system. The increments in plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were proportional to initial values, but were insufficient to affect blood pressure. The mean increase of 28% for plasma epinephrine and 21% for norepinephrine were maximal in the second to the forth minute, where subjective symptoms, blood pressure and heart rate were already decreasing. In view of the rapid onset of the subjective symptoms as well as the chronotropic and the pressor response, thyroliberin may partly exert these effects centrally or directly on the vascular system, independently of catecholamines. Since individual systolic blood pressure increased by as much as 64 mm Hg, caution is advised in selecting patients with risk factors for testing.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effect of acute and chronic ethanol administration in rats on PGE2 formation in microsomes from stomach and small intestine.

Prostaglandin E2 formation and content has been measured in the stomach and small intestine of rats after acute and chronic ethanol ingestion. Chronic ethanol administration for 6 and 12 weeks inhibits PGE2 synthesis and reduces PGE2 content (12 weeks) in all parts of the upper gastrointestinal tract, while after ethanol ingestion up to 1 week PGE2 synthesis is decreased only in the stomach.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of acute and chronic alcohol feeding on prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis in the small intestine of the rat.

The effect of acute and chronic alcohol ingestion on the PGE2 synthesis and PGE2 content in the duodenum and ileum was studied in rats. Following a single oral load of 20% alcohol (v/v; 4 g/kg body weight) the synthesis of PGE2 in isolated microsomes from both parts of the small intestine did not differ from that in control rats during the first 8 hours, but was increased significantly after 24 hours. Feeding a liquid diet containing alcohol (37% of total calories) for 1 week led to enhanced PGE2 synthesis in the duodenum. After feeding the diet for 6 and 12 weeks the rate of PGE2 synthesis was significantly reduced in the duodenum (-73% and -55%) and ileum (-34% and -45%) as compared with the control group. The PGE2 content of the tissue was not significantly changed 24 hours after the single alcohol load and after 1 week of feeding the alcohol-containing diet. However, after 6 and 12 weeks' feeding, the PGE2 content was reduced in both parts of the small intestine. The results suggest a biphasic response to alcohol of PGE2 synthesis in the small intestine. The increased rate of PGE2 synthesis in the initial phase might reflect an adaptive response to the injurious effect of alcohol which cannot be maintained after long-term ingestion of alcohol.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1986

[Therapy of stomach ulcer with sucralfate and ranitidine. A multicenter double-blind study].

134 outpatients with acute benign gastric ulcer confirmed by endoscopic biopsy received either 1 g sucralfate suspension four times daily or one 150 mg ranitidine tablet twice daily for six to 12 weeks in a multicentre therapy study (double-blind study according to the double-dummy technique). After six to 12 weeks, respectively, 56% and 82% of the ulcers had healed in the sucralfate group. The rates of healing in the ranitidine group were 72% and 88%, respectively. The differences in the rates of healing between sucralfate and ranitidine were not statistically significant. Ranitidine was superior to the sucralfate suspension in corpus ulcer. In the distally located ulcers, the two kinds of treatment were equivalent. There were no appreciable differences between the medications with regard to antacid consumption and compliance. Gastric pain was influenced better by ranitidine than by sucralfate.

Antacids↗
PubMed1986

[Vipoma. 9-year observations using currently available therapy methods].

A now 61-year old man with hypersecretion of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) due to carcinoma of the tail of the pancreas was treated and followed for nine years. Combined administration of lomustin (2.5 mg/kg on day 1) and 5-fluorouracil (30 mg/kg on days 2-6) over eight courses at six-week intervals achieved clinical remission for 13 months. No clinical improvement was observed with streptozocin (500 mg/m2 on days 1-5) for two courses four weeks apart. Treatment had to be discontinued after the second course because of the onset of (rarely observed) neurotoxic side-effect of bilateral peroneal paresis. High doses of somatostatin (6.9 micrograms/kg hourly intravenously) immediately and markedly reduced stool quantity. But at a lower dose (3.4 micrograms/kg hourly i.v.) there was no noticeable effect. In the further course of the disease, massive attacks of diarrhoea at varying intervals were best controlled in intensity and duration by prednisolone (50-60 mg daily). Other drugs which have been recommended for such cases (indometacin, lithium, trifluoperazine, nicotinic acid and clonidine) had no worth-while effect. In future long-acting somatostatin analogues may provide better prospects for long-term treatment.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1986

Effect of short- and long-term alcohol feeding in rats on pancreatic enzyme content and enzyme secretion in isolated pancreatic lobules in vitro.

The effect of short- and long-term ethanol intake on digestive enzyme secretion was determined in isolated pancreatic lobules of rats. Groups of male Wistar rats were fed a modified Lieber-DeCarli diet containing either 5% (w/v) of ethanol, isocaloric amounts of a liquid diet in which ethanol was substituted by starch, or solid rat chow; for 3 days, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Basal and caerulein-stimulated secretion of lipase, amylase, chymotrypsin and trypsin and the enzyme content in the tissue were studied. Feeding the liquid control diet decreased the tissue content of the four enzymes as compared with the values obtained in the group receiving solid rat chow. While basal and stimulated amylase secretion was markedly reduced in the former group, the secretion pattern of the other enzymes exhibited only transient changes. Caerulein-stimulated secretion of lipase and the proteases was increased by ethanol, the effect being more pronounced during the initial phase of the experiment. Alcohol feeding stimulated the basal secretion of these enzymes only in weeks 1-4. In contrast to the other enzymes, basal and stimulated amylase secretion was not enhanced by ethanol feeding. The results suggest that the enzyme secretion of the rat pancreas is distinctly altered by chronic ethanol feeding. However, the response of the pancreatic enzymes is non-parallel, and changes with the duration of alcohol intake.

Amylases↗
PubMed1986

Usefulness of a simple photometric determination of chymotrypsin activity in stools--results of a multicentre study.

The usefulness of a new photometric test for the determination of chymotrypsin activity in stools was evaluated in a multicentre study. By release of the enzyme from stool particles with a cationic detergent solution after, in most cases, 3 min of homogenization, a photometric measurement of the enzyme activity is possible both in the clear supernatant after centrifugation and in the diluted stool homogenate. The precision of the activity measurement in stool samples with pathologically lowered and normal chymotrypsin activity is good both for in-series (CV = 2.6%, scatter 0.6-5.7%) and for day-to-day determinations (CV = 7.2%, scatter 3.9-13.9%). The results obtained by the photometric determination also exhibit a close correlation with the values measured by pH-stat titrimetry (r = 0.901). The sample-preparation system with a sample-metering chamber is easy to use and gives good agreement with determinations in which the sample metering was done by weighing out the stool (r = 0.961). The photometric test for detection of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is easy to perform, inexpensive and does not place any undue stress on the patient.

Chymotrypsin↗
PubMed1985

[Pseudothrombocytopenia--an error in the determination of thrombocyte count].

Automated counting resulted in erroneously low numbers of platelets (pseudothrombocytopenia) in three patients. The machine-derived values (ELT-8) were initially 30 000, 8000 and 8000/microliter, respectively. Numerous agglutinates could be demonstrated in the counting chamber. Whereas counting in the first patient showed a real value with an average of 252 000/microliter both the other preparations could not be counted due to numerous agglutinates. The artificially low number of platelets in the counter can thus be explained by lack of recognition as platelets due to the size of the in vitro formation of agglutinates. Should these be of the size of white cells leukocytosis may be suggested. Formation of agglutinates was not limited to use of EDTA as anticoagulant but could also be observed with other anticoagulants such as heparin and citrate. For prevention of superfluous and potentially dangerous therapeutic steps the diagnosis of platelet deficiency should be ascertained in any case by additional determination of the platelet count in the counting chamber.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Successful acute treatment of chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases with oral 5-aminosalicylic acid].

The effectiveness of oral 5-aminosalicylic acid (0.5 g t.i.d.) and of salazosulfapyridine (1.0 g t.i.d.) was compared in a randomized controlled study in two groups with 30 patients each with ulcerative colitis and with Crohn's disease. Persistent complaints within the first 5 days were treated with additional methyl-prednisolone (40 mg/d initially). After treatment for 8 weeks patients with ulcerative colitis showed morphologic remissions in 60% of the 5-aminosalicylic acid group and in 53% of the salazosulfapyridine group. Clinical improvement was achieved in 86% in both groups. Clinical improvement in Crohn's disease was seen in 87% of patients of the 5-aminosalicylic acid group and in 80% of the salazosulfapyridine group. This was evidenced by the significant fall (P = 0,0001) of the mean activity index. Additional steroid medication was nearly equal in both treatment groups. There were no side effects during treatment with 5-aminosalicylic acid. In contrast, salazosulfapyridine had to be withdrawn in four patients due to signs of intolerance. 5-Aminosalicylic acid can thus be considered a valuable alternative to conventional treatment on the basis of equal effectiveness as salazosulfapyridine and lack of undesirable side effects.

Adolescent↗