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Biomedical subjects

J C Bode

Publications and source records attributed to J C Bode.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Influence of an orally administered protein mixture enriched in branched chain amino acids on the chronic hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) of patients with liver cirrhosis.

8 patients with liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) stage I and II on a protein restricted diet and partly on lactulose therapy received in alternate periods of 4 to 8 weeks a) 45 g/day of a protein mixture enriched in branched chain amino acids (BCAA-protein), b) the same amount of milk protein and c) an isocaloric carbohydrate mixture. The additional amount of protein in form of BCAA-protein was well tolerated by all the patients. Patients with and without additional lactulose therapy showed a tendency to improvement in the performance of the number connection test while on BCAA-protein, but this improvement did not reach statistical significance. The patients did not tolerate milk protein given in the same amount as BCAA-protein.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

[Ultrasound measurement of gallbladder response to cholecystokinin in patients with chronic liver disease (author's transl)].

Size of gallbladder after overnight fasting and the kinetics of gallbladder contraction following i.v. injection of 1 I. U. of CCK was investigated in patients with chronic liver disease (liver cirrhosis: n = 26; chronic hepatitis: = 12; fatty liver: n = 5). The results were compared with those obtained in an age and sex matched control group of subjects without symptoms of diseases of the liver or gastrointestinal tract (n = 15). Ultrasound was used for continuous monitoring of gallbladder emptying. In the cirrhotics the cartographically determined initial area of the gallbladder was significantly greater than in the controls (p less than 0,01). The kinetic of gallbladder emptying following CCK-pancreozymin stimulation was similar in the groups of patients with liver diseases to that of the control subjects. However, the residual area of the gallbladder following maximal contraction was again significantly greater in the cirrhotics when compared to the control group (p less than 0.05). The area of the gallbladder in patients with chronic hepatitis exhibited similar changes of the values in the fasting state and after maximal contraction as seen in the patients with liver cirrhosis, although the differences when compared to the control group were not significant. The results show that in spite of distinct signs of a hypotonic state of the unstimulated gallbladder in patients with chronic liver disease the kinetic of contraction following an exogenous stimulus with CCK remains normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Granulocytopenia with cimetidine therapy (author's transl)].

In a 38-year-old patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and haemorrhage from a gastric ulcer, granulocytopenia occurred during cimetidine treatment. It was reversible after therapy was stopped. The platelet count also fell during cimetidine and a reduction of megakaryocytes was found in the bone marrow.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Adaptative changes of activity of enzymes involved in fructose metabolism in the liver and jejunal mucosa of rats following fructose feeding.

The adaptative response of a diet containing 60% fructose on the activity of those enzymes which are involved in the metabolism of fructose was measured in the liver and in the jejunal mucosa of rats over a period of 12 days. Control animals received isocaloric amounts of glucose or starch. Under fructose feeding there was a marked increase in the activity of fructose-1-phosphate aldolase (3-fold), ketohexokinase (2--3-fold), and triokinase (3-fold) in the jejunal mucosa. In the liver, however, a significant increase in enzyme activity could only be seen for triokinase (2--3-fold), whereas the activity of the other enzymes measured were only slightly or not at all altered. The activity of the three enzymes mentioned above were elevated to a maximum within 3 days after feeding the fructose diet. In the following time of observation no major further changes occurred. The results show that fructose feeding in comparison to a glucose or starch containing diet leads to a marked adaptative increase in the activity of those enzymes, which are involved in the breakdown of fructose, only in the jejunal mucosa.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1980

Damage of rat small intestine induced by ethanol. Effect of ethanol on fecal excretion of intestinal alkaline phosphatase.

Single administration of ethanol or alcoholic beverages (5g ethanol/kg body weight) induces a decrease of the 24h excretion of fecal intestinal alkaline phosphatase (I-AP) activity of 28% (P less than 0.05) in comparison to controls (0.9% saline). Administration of higher amounts of 20% (v/v) ethanol (8g/kg body weight on 3 consecutive days) yields a decrease of fecal I-AP excretion up to 82% (P less than 0.005) in comparison to controls (saturated glucose solution). The interpretation of these results as a toxic effect of ethanol to small intestinal mucosa was supported by measurement of enzymatic activity in the small intestinal mucosa and by morphometric data.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

[Epicillin concentrations in bile and serum after parenteral application (author's transl)].

11 patients with cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis, respectively, were cholecystectomized with subsequent inspection of the common bile duct. The drainage of the bile alpha-amino-3,6-dihydrobenzylpenicillin (epicillin, Spectacillin) were administered i.v. and the antibiotic concentrations in the bile and the serum determined. Samples were taken at intervals of 20 min over a period of 3 h. The maximum concentration in the bile was observed 60 min following administration of the antibiotic. The values in the bile were found to exceed the corresponding serum concentrations 6--14 fold. By the end of the observation period the concentrations of epicillin in the bile as well as in the serum were still higher than the minimum inhibitory concentrations for most of the gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Alcohol metabolism in man: effect of intravenous fructose infusion on blood ethanol elimination rate following stimulation by phenobarbital treatment or chronic alcohol consumption.

The effect of phenobarbital (PB) pretreatment and of chronic alcoholism on blood ethanol elimination rate (BEER) was investigated in man. In order to gain additional information concerning the mechanism of possible changes BEER was determined before and during intravenous infusion of fructose, a compound known to increase the NADH-oxidizing capacity of the liver and thereby stimulating alcohol oxidation rate. Following PB-treatment (300 mg/day for 5-6 days, n = 8) a marked increase in unstimulated (U-) BEER was obtained. But the fructose stimulated (FS-) BEER was not significantly changed by PB-treatment. In chronic alcoholics (n = 15) U-BEER values above the upper limit (chi + 2 S D) obtained in healthy controls, were observed only when the time of sobriety was less than one week (n = 6). Values of FS-BEER in chronic alcoholics with increased basal alcohol oxidation rates were in the same range as those of healthy controls. In 5 out of the 6 alcoholics in whom the values were elevated on admission, BEER decreased significantly after withdrawal of alcohol for 2-4 weeks. Since FS-BEER was nearly identical in all conditions tested, the distinct changes in U-BEER are probably independent of changes in the activity of enzymes involved in alcohol oxidation. It is assumed that alcohol metabolism in man is mainly controlled by the rate of NADH reoxidation in the liver.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of acute and chronic ethanol administration on the content of coenzymes linked to energy transfer in the liver of rats fed standard or low-protein diet.

1) In rats fed a standard diet or a protein restricted diet the effect of acute and chronic ethanol administration on liver content of adenine nucleotides was studied. In the long-term experiments the total liver content of NAD and NADP was additionally determined. 2) a single oral ethanol load does not significantly influence the total adenine nucleotide content. Liver AMP content increases immediately following ethanol ingestion about 2-fold and remains elevated for 12 hours. ATP content and ATP/ADP ratio are significantly reduced within 30 minutes after ethanol administration. Both return to initial values after 2 hours adn decrease again thereafter. 3) The increase in the AMP content is dose dependent, i.e. it is more pronounced after small doses of ethanol and is not observed when blood ethanol concentrations are very high. The elevation of the AMP levels during ethanol oxidation is interpreted as a consequence of increased ATP consumption and of inhibition of citric acid cycle. 4) In animals fed nearly protein-free diet, total adenine nucleotide content and ATP content are distinctly reduced. An increase in AMP concentration is not observed in these rats where ethanol oxidation is markedly inhibited. 5) Chronic ethanol application does neither in rats kept on a standard diet nor in those fed a protein restricted regimen affect the liver content of total adenine nucleotides or ATP. Similarly the total content of NAD and NADP shows no major changes. 6) It is concluded that the relatively small alterations in total liver adenine nucleotide content and in the different adenine nucleotide fractions are not important for ethanol-induced fat accumulation or other disturbances in the liver.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1979

Contents of trace elements in the human liver before birth.

A multielement analysis was carried out in nine fetal livers (age: 23 weeks of gestation to term) in comparison to an adult control group (n = 37). 15 elements (phosphorus to lead) were analyzed by proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Significant differences between the two groups, expressed as ratios (R) of fetal to adult liver values were observed for copper (R = 16), zinc (R = 2.0), iron (R = 1.5), calcium (R = 1.34), selenium (R = 1.22), manganese (R = 0.7), and molybdenum (R = 0.13). An interesting point seems to be the inverse relation of copper and molybdenum. The negative correlation of these two trace elements which is known from animal experiments has now been confirmed in the human liver.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Study of sample collection and preparation methods for multi element analysis in liver tissue by proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE).

Large samples of tissue and biopsy specimen were taken from a single human liver, homogenized or paraffin-embedded, then analyzed by PIXE. Homogenates, including those of biopsies, proved to be suitable for PIXE-analysis of P, S, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Mo, Cd and, to a limited extent, Pb. Paraffin-embedding leads to a distinct elution of K, Rb, Cl and to a lesser elution of P, Zn, Se, Br and Mo. The contents of Ca and Sr, on the other hand, were higher in the paraffin-embedded sections. Sections of paraffin-embedded biopsies proved to be hardly suitable for PIXE-analysis.

Cations, Divalent↗
PubMed1979

Variation of trace element contents in a single human liver.

Multi element analysis of homogenised samples taken from three different areas of a single human liver was performed for 18 elements by proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Small (10--20%) but statistically significant variations between the element contents of these areas were found for Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb and Mo. These differences are not parallel to each other. The variation of element content within one area of this single liver did not show any distinct correlation between different elements, nor did it significantly exceed the methodical errors of 3--10% except for lead. Thus we conclude from our measurements that the trace element analysis of small liver samples by PIXE is, with the exception of lead, fairly representative for the whole organ.

Anions↗
PubMed1979

Follow-up study on patients with non-alcoholic and non-diabetic fatty liver.

From a group of 424 patients with histologically verified fatty liver 92 patients without diabetes mellitus and alcohol abuse were subjected to follow-up examination for 3 1/2 years. 56 patients underwent second liver biopsy at this time; 20 of these patients had shown marked fatty liver at the initial liver biopsy examination. These 20 patients with marked fatty liver and 25 further patients with moderarte fatty liver could be followed up 5 and 7 1/2 years later; the clinical examination, the various liver function tests, liver scan and blind liver biopsy did not show any evidence of progression of fatty liver towards chronic inflammatory liver disorders or precirrhotic states. This clinical study therefore suggests the harmlessness of non-alcoholic fatty liver.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[The question of use of glucose or fructose for parenteral feeding. Results of a comparative study].

Glucose and fluctose (400 g/24 h) were compared as sources of carbohydrate in parenteral nutrition in patients following major abdominal operations or following multiple injuries. Group A (n = 8) received glucose during the first 2 days and fructose for another 2 days thereafter. In group B (n = 8) the sequence of carbohydrate infusion was reversed (2 days' fructose follwed by 2 days' glucose). The additional infusion to amino acids and a fat emulsion remained constant (total calories: 2,700 kcal/24 h). The following results were obtained: 1. Mean blood glucose concentrations were elevated in both infusion periods. During infusion of glucose the values were about 10% higher than those obtained during fructose infusion. Insulin administration was not necessary any of the patients studied. 2. Urinary excretion of both monosaccharides was negligible. 3. Blood lactate concentrations were higher during the infusion of fructose when compared to the glucose infusion period. The concentration of ketone bodies in the blood was not significantly influenced by either regimen. No major changes in base-acid equilibrium were observed. 4. The serum concentration of uric acid and several other metabolites did not differ significantly during the two infusion periods. 5. Mean urinary urea excretion exhibited a 30% increase during fructose infusion when compared to the glucose infusion period (p less than 0.012). From the results of t;is study and earlier findings it is concluded that fructose in a dose up to 400 g/day has no proven advantages over glucose in postoperative parenteral nutrition.

Adolescent↗