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Biomedical subjects

J C Booth

Publications and source records attributed to J C Booth.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Detection of IgM antibodies against cytomegalovirus: comparison of two radioimmunoassays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescent antibody test.

The sensitivity and specificity of direct antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA), M-antibody capture RIA (MACRIA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test for the detection of CMV-specific IgM was compared using 40 sera selected from different groups of patients. RIA, MACRIA, and ELISA gave concordant results with thirty-two sera but discordant results with eight sera, of which three were cord sera from congenitally infected babies, three were from immunocompromised patients with recurrent CMV infections, and two were from patients with lymphadenopathy and Paul-Bunnell-positive mononucleosis, respectively. RIA, MACRIA, and ELISA were of similar sensitivity with sera from adult patients, but ELISA was apparently less sensitive than RIA and MACRIA for the detection of CMV IgM in cord serum. By comparison IFA was significantly less sensitive than the other three tests. Rheumatoid factor is reactive in RIA, ELISA, and IFA but can efficiently be removed by absorption with latex-IgG beads or cross-linked human IgG.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method with counterimmunoelectrophoresis for detection of teichoic acid antibodies in sera from patients with Staphylococcus aureus infections.

Ribitol-teichoic acid antibodies were measured by a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in serum samples from 47 patients with serious Staphylococcus aureus infections, 63 infected patients, and 177 healthy controls. The same antigen was used for both tests. The group of patients with S. aureus endocarditis (6 patients) had significantly higher ELISA readings than the patients with other deep-seated infections (26 patients) or with an uncomplicated S. aureus bacteremia (15 patients). The patients with other serious gram-positive (40 patients) or gram-negative (23 patients) infections did not differ from the healthy control group. There were only three (7.5%) low-level cross-reactions among the infections caused by gram-positive organisms other than S. aureus. Of 46 initially ribitol-teichoic acid antibody-negative patients followed up for 2 weeks or more, only those developing a serious S. aureus infection showed a significant rise of the ELISA reading. There was a good correlation between ELISA and counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Both tests could be useful in the diagnosis and the management of complicated S. aureus infections. The ELISA method is, however, more sensitive and usually reflects the antibody rise after an infection earlier than does counterimmunoelectrophoresis.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1983

Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of IgG antibodies against Coxsackie B viruses.

In tests for IgG antibodies against Coxsackie B viruses in man, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was essentially group-specific and, unlike the type-specific neutralisation test, usually failed to detect rises in antibody titre in paired, acute and convalescent, sera. However, in rabbits immunised against Coxsackie B viruses, ELISA demonstrated both group- and type-specific antibody responses. The lack of type-specificity of ELISA in man is probably because repeated infection with enteroviruses--echoviruses and Coxsackie A as well as Coxsackie B--results in masking of the type-specific antibody response by group-specific antibody.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, radioimmunoassay, complement fixation, anticomplement immunofluorescence and passive haemagglutination techniques for detecting cytomegalovirus IgG antibody.

The radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques were found to be comparable in sensitivity and specificity for detecting cytomegalovirus IgG antibody, and 10 to 100 times more sensitive than complement-fixation (CF), anticomplement immunofluorescence (ACIF) and passive haemagglutination (PHA). In screening tests for antibody, the frequency of false-positive and -negative results was 0.6% for RIA and ELISA, 1.5% for CF, 1.6% for ACIF and 3.6% for PHA. PHA was the least satisfactory test, largely because of technical problems. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is an important cause of congenital brain damage and is also a major complication of both prolonged immunosuppressive therapy, especially in patients with organ transplants, and multi-donor blood transfusions. For serological diagnosis of infection, as well as for screening for antibody in patients and in blood donors, the solid-phase indirect radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques offer distinct improvements in sensitivity over previous methods. Although the principle of both tests, based on the detection of antigen-antibody reactions by means of a labelled anti-antibody, is the same, each possesses its own particular technical advantages and disadvantages, and both require their own expensive equipment for the reading of the results. There is still a lack of data on how they compare in sensitivity and specificity. The present study was undertaken to compare the two methods for the detection of CMV IgG and to evaluate them against the older techniques of complement-fixation (CF), passive haemagglutination (PHA) and anticomplement immunofluorescence (ACIF).

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1980

Coxsackie B virus infections and myocardial infarction. Results from a prospective, epidemiologically controlled study.

During an eight-month study, acute serum samples were obtained from all 228 patients admitted with chest pain to a coronary-care unit. On admission a history of a recent influenza-like illness was given by the same proportion (5%) of those subsequently shown to have myocardial infarction, angina, or miscellaneous diagnoses. Myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 105 patients and serum samples were obtained from all of the 93 survivors during convalescence. Sera were also obtained from 99 age and sex matched controls from the same geographical area. Sera from the cases and controls were tested for Coxsackie B antibodies by microneutralisation. In 3 patients with MI and 2 controls significant increases in antibody titre occurred which indicated recent infection. The distribution of type-specific antibodies, geometric mean titres, seropositivity rates, and the prevalence of raised antibody titres were all identical in the cases and the controls. These results do not accord with observations in uncontrolled series which suggested a causal relation between infections with Coxsackie B viruses and myocardial infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Cytomegalovirus complement-fixing IgM antibody.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific IgM that fixes complement in the presence of CMV antigen was demonstrated in sera from five patients with primary CMV infection. The CF reaction, demonstrable in the IgM fractions of the sera, was not affected significantly by absorption with aggregated IgG but was abolished by treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol. The IgM antibody was readily detected in CF tests with crude cell-extract antigens, prepared from CMV-infected tissue culture cells, or with purified enveloped-virion antigen but not with CMV-soluble antigens.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1978

Syncytium formation caused by human cytomegalovirus in human embryonic lung fibroblasts.

Large syncytia were regularly produced after prolonged infection in vitro of human embryonic fibroblasts by AD169 and other strains of human CMV. The syncytia showed typical CMV intranuclear inclusion bodies and herpesvirus particles in the nuclei and cytoplasm. It is proposed that syncytium formation follows abortive infection of the fibroblasts with defective virus.

Capsid↗
PubMed1978

Dose-response relationships in a microneutralization test for foot-and-mouth disease viruses.

Two-dimensional quantal microneutralization tests on foot-and-mouth disease viruses, in which neutralizing antibody activity was titrated against a serial range of virus doses, demonstrated a variety of dose-response curves some of which were rectilinear, others clearly curvilinear. Moreover, in the case of the non-linear responses obtained with some antisera, the shape of the curve was such that antibody titres recorded with doses of virus ranging from 10(3)-10(5) TCD50 were closely similar. Studies were carried out on the effect of varying the conditions of the test on the shape of the dose-response curve: significant differences were obtained after treatment of the antiserum-virus mixtures with anti-species globulin, and when the test was assayed in cells of differing susceptibility to infection.

Aphthovirus↗
PubMed1978

Microneutralization tests for serological typing and subtyping of foot-and-mouth disease virus strains.

A microneutralization test for serotyping of FMD viruses is described. It is based on earlier observations by Booth, Rweyemamu & Pay (1978) that dose-response relationships in quantal microneutralizations often deviated from linearity. The typing test described therefore utilizes undiluted virus preparations. In about 90% of samples a positive typing was obtained in contrast with about 50% for the complement fixation test. The test was also found to be susceptible to minimal quantities of heterotypic viral contamination. For strain differentiation the microneutralization test was carried out as a checkerboard test. When compared with the complement fixation test it was found to be more specific. The necessity to utilize virus-neutralization test systems for comparing FMD virus strains particularly for the purpose of vaccine selection is emphasized. The two dimensional microneutralization test has been applied to a study of comparing FMDV vaccine strains for Europe, South America, the Middle East and East Africa.

Aphthovirus↗
PubMed1977

Enhancement by diethylamineothyl-dextran of the plaque-forming activity of foot-and-mouth disease virus-antibody complexes in pig kidney IB-RS-2 cells.

Mixtures of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus and homologous antibody, assayed for surviving plaque-forming units (PFU) in pig kidney IB-RS-2 cells, demonstrated an average ten-fold greater recovery of infectivity when diethylaminoethyl-dextran (DEAE-dextran) was included in the overlay medium. This enhancement, which was not detected in baby hamster kidney BHK21 cells, was due to the ability of the polycation to potentiate attachment of virus-antibody complexes to the IB-RS-2 cells. In some instances the effect was so pronounced that the plaque-forming activity of virus in the presence of homologous antibody exceeded that of virus alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Neutralization kinetics studies with type SAT2 foot-and-mouth disease virus strains. 1. Factors that influence the rate and pattern of neutralization.

A study of the kinetics of inactivation of foot-and-mouth disease virus type SAT 2 strains revealed that in most cases the rate of neutralization was not rectilinear. Deviations from first-order kinetics observed represented biphasic or parabolic and stepwise reactions. The initial rate was rapid and showed no lag phase or shoulder. The effects of deviations from linearity could be minimized by dilution of antiserum to a suitable extent. Treatment of virus-antibody mixtures with anti-species globulin resulted in enhancement of the rate of neutralization of homologous and heterologous reactions without significantly altering the relation between the two. This treatment also considerably reduced the amount of the persistent fraction. In attempt to disaggregate virus it was observed that sodium dodecyl sulphate inhibited neutralization of virus by specific antiserum.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1977

Neutralization kinetics studies with type SAT 2 foot-and-mouth disease virus strains.

A comparison of homologous and heterologous rates of neutralization demonstrated that antigenic relationships of foot-and-mouth disease virus strains could be differentiated quantitatively by the kinetics of neutralization method described previously (Rwysed this way gave R values which were similar to those obtained with other neutralization test methods but which were generally smaller than those obtained with complement fixation test results. It was demonstrated that there were wide differences between the vaccine strains tested as demonstrated by R value relationships. An examination of r values, however, demonstrated that antisera to the Moz 1/70 strain were highly reactive with most of the virus strains from Central and Southern Africa. The selection of FMD virus strains with a wide serological range for vaccine production is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

A trial of fenfluramine in the treatment of the chronic alcoholic patient.

In a double blind trial, 50 male chronic alcoholic patients were treated with either fenfluramine in a dose of 60 mg or 120 mg daily, or with identically prepared placebo tablets. Patients were interviewed on admission to the trial and then at four-weekly intervals for a period of one year and blood levels of delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gammaGT) and fenfluramine were determined. The efficacy of fenfluramine at the two dose levels was compared with placebo on the basis of the number of lapses indicated by the clinical history and also by alterations in the biochemical indices. Twenty-seven patients completed the period of observation, there being 9 in each of the three groups. Those receiving 120 mg fenfluramine daily showed significantly fewer lapses than either of the other two groups (p less than 0-01) on biochemical but not on clinical criteria. Overall assessment revealed that 3 of the 9 patients receiving the high dose of fenfluramine had a good result during the period of the trial, but there were none in the 60 mg group or in those receiving placebo. More extensive trials of fenfluramine in the treatment of chronic alcoholism are indicated.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

The use of the haemagglutination-inhibition test for detecting antibodies to type SAT 2 foot-and-mouth disease viruses in cattle sera.

Two strains of type SAT 2-foot-and-mouth disease virus which gave high titres of haemagglutinin activity reacted type-specifically in direct haemagglutination-inhibition tests with reference, bovine convalescent antisera. Comparisons of the haemagglutination-inhibition and the serum neutralization tests using cattle sera showed that both were equally specific and sensitive for detecting virus antibody.

Animals↗