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Biomedical subjects

J C Dalphin

Publications and source records attributed to J C Dalphin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis in agricultural environment].

The term extrinsic allergic alveolitis involves a group of interstitial and alveolar lung diseases with an immunoallergic mechanism. These diseases are associated with chronic inhalation of usually organic particles and therefore encountered almost exclusively in an agricultural environment. The most frequent and best known of them is the farmer's lung disease and therefore is largely described by the authors. Specific points concerning pigeon breeder's disease and cheese worker's disease, are also reviewed since they are quite frequently observed in France. The diagnosis is difficult because the radiological and functional abnormalities are transient and the signs of immunization in serum and alveoles are unspecific. This problem is developed here, and a practical diagnostic approach is suggested. Treatment is essentially preventive and includes modifications of the working tools and work conditions in order to reduce exposure to airborne pathogenic antigens.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed1991

A phase II study of Navelbine (vinorelbine) in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer.

Navelbine (vinorelbine, NVB) is the first semisynthetic 5'-nor-vinca-alkaloid selected for clinical trial. NVB has been shown to have a good level of activity against different experimental solid tumors in animals, with low neurotoxicity. In the phase II study, 78 patients with an inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were treated with NVB at a weekly dose of 30 mg/m2. No patient had previously received chemotherapy. Twenty-three of the 78 eligible patients showed a partial response (29.4% with a 95% confidence limits: 19.5-39.5). Eight patients were not evaluable and the percentage of partial response were 32.8% in the evaluable patients group. The median response duration was 34 weeks, and the median survival time for the overall population reached 33 weeks. Grade 3-4 leukopenia was seen in 12.5% of cycles. No thrombocytopenia occurred. At the dosage schedule used, NVB seems a very promising agent in the treatment of NSCLC.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Lack of a relationship between the polymorphism of debrisoquine oxidation and lung cancer.

1. Determination of debrisoquine oxidation phenotype was carried out in 119 healthy subjects, 135 patients with chronic bronchitis and 153 patients with lung cancer, all of Caucasian origin. 2. A non-Gaussian distribution of the log D/HD ratio was observed in the three groups. 3. Assuming an antimode of 1.12, the proportion of PMs was found to be 6.7% in healthy subjects, 8.9% in chronic bronchitics and 6.5% in patients with lung cancer. These differences were not significant. 4. The presence of a lung tumour itself had no influence on phenotype in a group of 14 patients who were phenotyped before and after surgery. 5. We conclude that a link between debrisoquine phenotype and lung cancer is unlikely.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Influence of mode of storage and drying of fodder on thermophilic actinomycete aerocontamination in dairy farms of the Doubs region of France.

Airborne contamination by thermophilic actinomycetes, micromycetes and Gram negative bacteria was determined on 34 dairy farms and related to fodder drying and storage methods. Eighteen farms had a barn drying system, eight with additional heating; the remaining 16 had traditional fodder storage methods. Three air samples were obtained for each farm with a six stage Andersen sampler. The thermophilic actinomycetes were identified as Streptomyces and the dominant micromycetes as Aspergillus spp; there was no relation between the levels of these organisms. There were fewer thermophilic actinomycete colonies per Petri dish (stage 5 on the Anderson sampler) on farms with barn drying than on those with traditional storage (median (range) 7 (0-2628) and 56 (4-2628) respectively). The three farms where no thermophilic actinomycetes were found had barn drying with heating and the four most modern farms had lower thermophilic actinomycete colony counts than the others (median (range) 3 (0-10) and 48 (0-2628)). The level of thermophilic actinomycetes and, to a lesser degree, of micromycetes was higher where the farmer had farmer's lung. Thermophilic actinomycetes of the genus Streptomyces are probably the antigens associated with farmer's lung in the Doubs, and modern farms with barn drying and heating furnish some protection against this disease.

Actinomycetales Infections↗
PubMed1990

Bronchoalveolar lavage in ankylosing spondylitis.

Bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial biopsies were performed in 15 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and 17 control subjects. There was no difference in total cell count, number of lymphocytes, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, or beta 2 microglobulin concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid between these two groups. Bronchoalveolar lavage IgA concentrations were not increased, but bronchial IgA deposits were more common in AS. This study failed to show any subclinical alveolitis in AS.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Symptoms and respiratory function in a group of Gruyère cheese processors in Comté].

We have analysed the symptoms and respiratory function of a group of cheese processors making gruyère Comté in relation to a group of controls: 96 male cheese workers (mean age 36 +/- 11.1) and 97 controls who were of the male sex and of comparable age, height, weight and smoking habits. The cheese workers had a lower educational and professional level (p less than 0.01) and had a higher level of alcohol consumption than the controls (p less than 0.05). The prevalence of chronic bronchitis and of dyspnoea in the cheese workers (respectively 13.5 and 23.9%) was not significantly different from that in the controls (10.3 and 35%). 5 cheese workers (5.2%) were suspected of having occupational asthma; 5 (5.2%) were suspected of having hypersensitivity pneumonia (cheese workers' disease): 41 (42.7%) had signs of conjunctivitis during work, of whom 30 occurred only in the hot cellars. The respiratory function parameters measured were identical in the two groups (vital capacity, FEV1, mean expiratory flow at 25% and 75% of vital capacity). In conclusion, evidence of allergic problems (asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonia and conjunctivitis) seems to be frequent in refiners of Comté but the cases identified need to be confirmed; cheese refiners of Comté do not seem to have any particular risks of chronic bronchitis and of alteration of respiratory function.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Study of the bronchoalveolar lavage in ankylosing spondylarthritis].

The study of the broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) has been carried out in 15 consecutive (13 B27) ankylosing spondylarthritis (AS), compared to 17 test subjects. There is no modification of the number of cells, of the percentage of lymphocytes, of the CD4/CD8 ratio, of the beta-2-microglobulin or the conversion enzyme in the BAL liquid between the AS group and the test group. The IgA level of the BAL is lower and the IgA deposits in the bronchial mucosa are more frequent in the AS group (but not in a significant way). Unlike other inflammatory diseases, it seems that there is no subclinical alveolitis in the course of AS.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Successive legionellosis in the course of lymphomatoid granulomatosis.

A 75-year-old male presented with typical cutaneous lesions and pulmonary involvement due to lymphomatoid granulomatosis. A legionellosis was associated with this condition. Though the radiological findings in lymphomatoid granulomatosis are suggestive, they are not specific, and set a difficult problem in distinguishing the two conditions. Monoclonal antibody studies indicated the predominance of CD8 T lymphocytes in the infiltrate of the skin, as well as in the bronchoalveolar fluid.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Prevalence of chronic bronchitis and respiratory function in a group of dairy farmers in the French Doubs province.

We used a questionnaire combined with medical history and spirometric studies to compare symptoms and respiratory function in two groups of subjects living in the French province of Doubs. A group of 250 dairy farmers was compared with 250 control subjects, matched with regard to sex, age, height, and smoking habits. The prevalence of acute bronchial infections and dyspnea was identical in the two groups. Among dairy farmers, 30 (12 percent) had chronic bronchitis vs 15 (6 percent) in the control group (p less than 0.05). Chronic bronchitis was more common in patients aged over 40 years (p less than 0.001) and in nonsmokers (p less than 0.001). All respiratory function parameters measured (expressed as a mean percentage of values measured in comparison with theoretic values) were lower in the dairy farmer group than in the control group. With regard to degree of bronchial obstruction, the difference between the two groups was more marked in patients aged 40 years and over and in nonsmokers. Dairy farmers' occupation is a risk factor of chronic bronchitis and bronchial obstruction, in particular in patients aged 40 years and over and in nonsmokers.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Value of repeated thoracic scanning in the surveillance of operated bronchial cancers].

The authors report three cases of endothoracic tumour recurrence in patients who have been operated on for primary lung cancer revealed by CT scanning, carried out systematically in the respiratory unit to a pre-established protocol. There were no other clinical, fibre-optic, or radiological signs of these recurrences before their discovery using CT scanning. The authors discuss the value of thoracic scanning in the systematic follow up of operated cases of bronchial cancer.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of the reliability of the diagnostic methods in farmer's lung].

Following a study of the diagnosis of farmer's lung (PDF) carried out in 1763 active farm workers in Doubs, 294 (16.7%) were suspected of PDF and they were invited to a secondary consultation in hospital for a further work up which consisted of a clinical examination for crepitations (RC) on pulmonary auscultation (AP) and for evidence of an interstitial lung disorder (SI) on pulmonary radiograph (RP) and for evidence of a restrictive syndrome (SR) on pulmonary function tests (EFR). 238 patients (80%) accepted the additional assessment and were divided into two groups on the basis of the history and serology (precipitin tests), group 1: probable PDF (n = 65): symptoms suggestive of PDF in the presence of serum precipitins; group 2: possible PDF (n = 173): non specific symptoms with or without serum precipitins. RC were present in 21.9% of patients in group 1 and 6.4% of patients in group 2 (p less than 0.001). There was an SI in 9.2% of patients in group 1 and 4% of patients in group 2 (non significant). For the elevated radiology scores for SI there was a significant difference: 7.7% for SI in group 1 and 1.73% in group 2 (p less than 0.05). There was 38.1% of abnormal EFR in group 1 and 14.7% in group 2 (p less than 0.001) but the difference of the frequency of SR in the 2 groups was not statistically significant (9.5% in group 1 and 4.7% in group 2). In this study, an additional assessment (AP, RP, EFR) carried out at a difficult moment during winter does not appear to confirm great benefit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Auscultation↗
PubMed1988

[Purulent pleurisy caused by anaerobic bacteria. A retrospective study of 19 cases].

A retrospective clinical, biological, radiological and evolutive study of 19 cases of pleural empyema caused by anaerobic organisms diagnosed between 1980 and 1986 was carried out. These 19 cases accounted for 30.6 p. 100 of all cases of pleural empyema diagnosed during the same period. A local or general contributory factor was found in all patients; false passage, gastrointestinal pathology and buccal or dental diseases were the most frequent aetiological circumstances. The clinical picture was rather torpid, with a body temperature below 38 degrees C in 42 p. 100 of the cases, which delayed the diagnosis: the mean time interval between onset and diagnosis was 20 days. In nearly one half of the cases, blood stained expectoration was present and air-fluid levels were visualized at standard radiography and computerized tomography, which is the best exploratory method to evaluate the size and appearance of the pleural lesion, to guide percutaneous drainage and later to assess possible sequelae. The predominant anaerobic flora consisted of Gram-positive cocci and Bacteroides spp; in 70 p. 100 of the cases the anaerobic organism(s) was (were) sensitive to penicillin G. The course of the disease was favourable in all patients. Surgery was performed in 3 of the 19 patients on account of chest wall gangrene due to Clostridium perfringens in 1 case and of the presence of multiple fluid pockets making drainage ineffective in 2 cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Epidemiological study of farmer's lung in five districts of the French Doubs province.

The prevalence of farmer's lung was studied in five districts of the French Doubs province (Rougemont, Clerval, Levier, Montbenoît, Mouthe) on the basis of a medical and occupational questionnaire and serological studies for precipitins. Of the 1763 active farmers (response rate 69%) who participated in the study, 270 were suspected of having farmer's lung and divided, on the basis of clinical and serological criteria, into probable and possible farmer's lung groups. This subgroup of 270 patients was examined in more detail with physical examination, chest radiographs, and pulmonary function tests. Probable farmer's lung was diagnosed in 77 cases (53 men and 24 women, mean age 51.7 years), a prevalence of 43.7/1000. Possible farmer's lung was present in a further 193 subjects. Fever was the most specific symptom. In the group with probable farmer's lung the frequency of crepitations, restrictive ventilatory defect, and radiological interstitial abnormalities was 21.5%, 9.5%, and 9.2% at the time of the study. Farmer's lung was more common in the middle tablelands than in the plain or mountain areas (p less than 0.01). The difference in prevalence of farmer's lung between the Mouthe mountain and Levier middle tableland districts (25.2/1000 and 60.8/1000) raises the possibility that cold may protect against the disease. Farmer's lung was more frequent in men and in the age group 51-55 years. Among possible occupational factors, only regular work connected with feeding animals was associated with a significant risk (odds ratio 2.55 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.09-5.93). The frequency of chronic bronchitis in the population studied was 14.8%. There was a close link between farmer's lung and chronic bronchitis, 50.6% of patients with probable farmer's lung having it but only 8.6% of patients without farmer's lung (p less than 0.001). In patients with probable farmer's lung chronic bronchitis was independent of smoking and age. There were fewer smokers in the probable farmer's lung than in the non-farmer's lung group (p less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[A case of semi-delayed hypersensitivity to dry sausage dust].

The authors record a case of semi-delayed hypersensitivity to sausage dust in an employee of a wholesale pork butcher and curing business. The symptoms combined cough and fever with rigors; there were no clinical or laboratory data to suggest alveolar disease. The immunoallergic "work-up" suggested a precipitin mediated disease with notably 10-14 precipitation arcs to the products of sausage sweepings. A microbiological analysis of the flora of the sausages, as well as an extensive search for precipitins and cutaneous tests have not enabled us to confirm the antigen responsible with certainty.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗