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Biomedical subjects

J C Feeley

Publications and source records attributed to J C Feeley.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Possible nosocomial transmission of group B streptococci in a newborn nursery.

Within a six-day period in March, 1974, three infants born at a hospital in central Arkansas developed meningitis caused by group B, type III Streptococci. Three factors suggested nosocomial transmission of the organism in the nursery: (1) the three infants were born in a six-day period, (2) four weeks after their infants' births, none of the parents had positive cultures for group B streptococci, and (3) 31% of infants born in the hospital in March were colonized with group B, type III streptococci, while in April, after control measures in the nursery were instituted, only 2% of infants were colonized with this type (p less than 0.0002). Colonized infants were treated with penicillin, but follow-up cultures at two and six weeks showed that half the infants tested were still colonized. The number of personnel colonized with group B streptococci was not significantly different in personnel exposed to infants when compared with those that were not, and handwashing and environmental cultures were negative for group B streptococci. The results of this investigation give additional support to the concept that nosocomial transmission of group B streptococci can occur and may be effectively interrupted by control measures in the nursery.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1975

Competitive effects of intestinal microflora on Vibrio cholerae in gnotobiotic mice.

The coexistence of Vibrio cholerae and several intestinal bacteria was determined in gnotobiotic mice. The bacteria tested included a Bacteroides sp, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens type A, 2 separate isolates of Escherichia coli, 2 different Lactobacilli, 2 separate isolates of Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas maltophilia, and Streptococcus faecalis. Each species of bacteria became established and was recovered repeatedly from the stools during the studies. No single strain or species was found that would eliminate V cholerae from these mice within 2 wk. Not until a combination of E coli, P mirabilis, and S faecalis was present in the mice did V cholerae disappear from the stools in 14 da.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

A case of cholera in Texas, 1973.

The first naturally acquired case of cholera reported in the United States since 1911 occurred in a 51-year-old resident of Port Lavaca, Texas. Extensive epidemiologic investigation of the patient's contacts and environment did not identify a cholera carrier of elucidate a pathway of transmission, but several avenues of investigation suggested possible means by which the patient may have acquired his infection. No secondary spread resulted from this case, and its occurrence did not endanger the community at large.

Cholera↗
PubMed1974

Immune response to Listeria monocytogenes in rabbits and humans.

Rabbits were immunized with listeria antigens, staphylococcus antigen, or with both, and the course of their immune response was monitored. Antibodies to Listeria and Staphylococcus were produced in both immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) classes in response to inoculation with the specific antigen. Cross-responses occurred in rabbits injected only with Listeria or only with Staphylococcus, as well as in rabbits injected with both antigens. L. monocytogenes serotype 4d appeared to be immunologically distinct from L. monocytogenes serotype 2 and its cross-reaction with S. aureus. Human sera from bacteriologically confirmed cases of listeriosis were examined to determine the nature of the immunological response of man to Listeria. In the sera studied, IgM was the predominant antibody produced to Listeria, whereas cross-reactions with Staphylococcus were observed in both the IgM and the IgG antibody classes.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1974

Vi antigen from Salmonella typhosa and immunity against typhoid fever. I. Isolation and immunologic properties in animals.

The role of Vi antigen in human immunity against typhoid fever has been debated for decades. Circumstantial evidence indicates that Vi antigen may play a role in pathogenicity and immunity. A Vi preparation was isolated from Salmonella typhosa, the causative organism in human typhoid fever, by a mild precipitation method. It was significantly more potent in animal studies than preparations from Citrobacter used in the past for human study and less toxic than conventional typhoid vaccines. With this antigen, the role of Vi antigen in human protection is now being investigated.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Determination of endotoxicity in bacterial vaccines.

Endotoxicity of bacterial vaccines was quantitated in mice by using actinomycin D as potentiating agent. The results were compared with those obtained by the mouse weight gain test. The lethality of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide was increased 2,140 times when 12.5 mug of actinomycin D was used. The mean lethal dose values of heated and unheated pertussis vaccines were similar in the actinomycin D enhancement assay, but the unheated vaccine was significantly more toxic in the mouse weight gain test. Acetone-inactivated typhoid vaccine was slightly less toxic than the heat-phenol-inactivated vaccine in both the actinomycin D enhancement assay and mouse weight gain test. Endotoxicity of experimental vaccines prepared by extraction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains was high as compared with E. coli lipopolysaccharide. The BALB/c mice were about four times more susceptible than the random bred NIH strain mice. The results indicate that the actinomycin D enhancement assay had the advantages of being more sensitive and probably more specific.

Acetone↗
PubMed1972

In vitro susceptibility of El Tor and classical Vibrio cholerae strains to trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.

Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were tested individually and in combination against El Tor and classical biotype strains of Vibrio cholerae. Determinations of the minimal inhibitory concentration in liquid media and by an agardilution method showed that classical strains were uniformly more resistant to sulfamethoxazole than were El Tor strains. In agar-dilution studies, trimethoprim was equally active against both biotypes. Combination of the agents produced a synergistic action against all strains tested. Testing for susceptibility to sulfonamide is suggested as a possible method for differentiating between El Tor and classical biotypes of V. cholerae.

Drug Synergism↗
PubMed1972

Isolation of Vi antigen and a simple method for its measurement.

Vi antigen was purified from saline extract of Citrobacter strain 5396/38 by enzymatic digestion, concentration with ethanol, and precipitation with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. The Vi antigen prepared by this method was 18 and 230 times more protective in mice than two other preparations isolated by an earlier method utilizing acid hydrolysis. A sensitive and specific method of electroimmunodiffusion was described for measurement of Vi antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Immunological conversion of Vibrio chorlerae in gnotobiotic mice.

Cholera vibrios grow readily in the intestines of gnotobiotic mice and change their antigenic structure in response to immunological pressures. These changes were progressive, with the rough form persisting as the apparent end point in the mice. Inoculation of the rough form into fresh gnotobiotic mice resulted in the recovery of smooth forms. An untypable rough strain of Vibrio cholerae isolated from a chronic carrier in Calcutta in 1967 was passed serially in gnotobiotic mice. Smooth strains of V. cholerae were recovered from the feces after selective treatment with complement and antiserum against a rough strain. They were confirmed as O group I cholera vibrios belonging to the eltor biotype. The ability of these strains to produce diarrheal fluid in infant rabbits and to increase capillary permeability in rabbit skin was markedly increased over that of the original human isolate. This demonstrates that rough avirulent forms of V. cholerae from human carriers can undergo antigenic changes and concurrently increase in virulence when placed in an appropriate environment. The many inapparent cholera infections in endemic areas may provide a mechanism by which V. cholerae changes its serotype away from the immunological pressures in the population.

Animals↗