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Biomedical subjects

J C Fourlinnie

Publications and source records attributed to J C Fourlinnie.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

A randomized trial of human chorionic gonadotropin support following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

This article reports on the effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on progesterone (P) and estradiol (E2), luteal phase length, and conception in 116 cycles treated by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). In 60 cycles, the luteal phase was supported by hCG, 1500 IU three times at 2-day intervals from the day of ET. The remaining 56 cycles served as controls. hCG significantly increased the P level (93 +/- 53 versus 62 +/- 46 ng/ml), the P/E2 ratio, and the luteal phase length (17.4 +/- 1.3 versus 12.2 +/- 1.7 days). However, the total pregnancy rate did not significantly differ between the two groups, though the pregnancy rate after transfer of two or three embryos was slightly higher in the hCG group (26.9 versus 22% in the control group), as was the rate of implanted embryo per transferred embryo after transfer of two or three embryos (25 versus 15.3%). It was concluded that, while hCG increased the magnitude and duration of the luteal P secretion, it did not clearly improve the pregnancy rate.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1986

A double blind controlled study of the hormonal and clinical effects of bromocriptine in the polycystic ovary syndrome.

Previous studies on the efficacy of bromocriptine for the treatment of patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome failed to include control groups. This study, therefore, was undertaken to determine the clinical and endocrine effects of bromocriptine and a placebo (given in a random double blind fashion) in 55 patients with PCOS. The plasma levels of estrone, estradiol, testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and serum PRL and gonadotropins (LH and FSH) were measured before treatment. In addition the serum PRL response to TRH and the serum LH and FSH response to GnRH were determined. The effects of acute administration of bromocriptine (2 X 2.5 mg at 12-h intervals) on serum gonadotropins and their response to GnRH were studied to explore the possibility that this test might predict the response to chronic bromocriptine treatment. Bromocriptine then was given at an initial dose of 1.25 mg twice daily. If no clinical improvement occurred 2.5 mg were given twice daily for at least 6 months. Hormonal measurements and dynamic tests were repeated after 3 and 6 months of therapy. The endocrine profile of the two groups was not different before treatment. The clinical results were not better in the treatment group than in the placebo-treated patients: therapy was successful (restoration of ovulatory cycles of less than 35 days duration) in 12 of 28 patients taking bromocriptine vs. 8 of 27 taking placebo. Slight improvement (1 or 2 ovulations) occurred in 3 of 28 vs. 3 of 27, and failure (no clinical change) in 13 of 28 taking bromocriptine vs. 16 of 27 taking placebo, respectively. Serum PRL fell significantly in the bromocriptine group, and there was a significant fall in the serum LH response to GnRH in both groups. No hormonal measurement or response predicted the clinical response to treatment. The only significant effect of chronic bromocriptine therapy (5 mg/day) in patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome was to lower the serum PRL concentration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Acute effects of bromocriptine on gonadotropin secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Thirty-two women presenting with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) were studied on 3 consecutive days. On day 1, plasma androstenedione, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate (DHEA-S), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), estrone (E1), estradiol, serum prolactin (PRL), and PRL response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone were determined. On day 2 the patients were given two placebos at 1-hour intervals; then serum PRL, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and the LH and FSH responses to LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) were determined. On day 3 the patients were given two 2.5-mg tablets of bromocriptine (BRCR) at 12-hour intervals; then serum PRL, LH, and FSH and the LH and FSH responses to LH-RH were again determined. After BRCR, mean values of basal serum PRL (P less than 0.001), LH (P less than 0.05), and FSH (P less than 0.001) and the FSH response to LH-RH (P less than 0.01) fell with respect to the values determined on day 2. Our group of patients was heterogeneous regarding the effects of BRCR upon the LH response to LH-RH. Of 32 women undergoing the trial, 17 did not respond to BRCR (change of the LH response to LH-RH less than 33% with respect to day 2). They were called "nonresponders." Among the 15 who responded to BRCR, 10 decreased their LH response greater than or equal to 33% ("decreasers") and 5 increased their LH response greater than or equal to 33% ("increasers"). Decreasers had mean values of serum PRL, plasma E1, DHEA-S, and 17-OHP higher than nonresponders (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1985

Hyperprolactinemia and sexual function in men.

Male hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) is known to induce different types of sexual dysfunctions. In order to determine the incidence of HPRL among patients referred for sexual dysfunction, serum prolactin (PRL) was assayed in 1053 clinically idiopathic cases. Among 850 cases complaining of erectile impotence, 10 with marked HPRL (1.1%, PRL above 35 ng/ml) were found, of whom 6 cases were associated with a pituitary adenoma. 17 mild HPRL (2%, PRL 20-35 ng/ml) were also found. Among 124 cases with premature ejaculation, 13 (10%) mild HPRL were found. Serum PRL was normal in 51 cases complaining of an ejaculation without orgasm, and 27 patients exclusively complaining of reduced sexual desire. Our results lay stress on the fact that serum PRL must be assayed in every case of clinically idiopathic erectile impotence. Indeed, 5 of the 10 marked HPRL patients would have been misdiagnosed if we had only assayed this hormone when plasma testosterone was below the normal range. Moreover, in order to shed some light on the mechanisms by which HPRL disturbs male sexual function, the sexual behaviour of 17 markedly HPRL males was compared to their serum levels of PRL and testosterone, first before treatment, then at regular intervals during treatment. Our main conclusion is that impotence cannot be totally explained by a decrease in plasma testosterone, because this steroid hormone was within the normal range 7 of the 16 impotent patients. Moreover, when serum PRL was lowered by bromocriptine, 6 patients recovered their potency before plasma testosterone clearly increased, and in 3 of those patients before it reached the normal range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of human hyperprolactinaemia with a new dopamine agonist: CU 32085 (mesulergin).

CU 38085 (mesulergin) was given at doses ranging from 0.5 to 5 mg/day to 37 patients with pathological hyperprolactinaemia of varying aetiology. The effectiveness of this drug on the suppression of hyperprolactinaemia and on the recovery of gonadal functions was equivalent to that of bromocriptine previously given to a different group of 83 hyperprolactinaemic patients. Tumour shrinkage during treatment with CU 32085 was ascertained in two cases of macroprolactinoma. Histological examination after adenomectomy revealed extensive peri-vascular fibrosis in both cases. In most patients, the efficient doses of CU 32085 were 5-fold lower than those of bromocriptine. After acute oral administration in 10 previously untreated patients, 0.5 mg of CU 32085 had a more prolonged suppressive effect on Prl levels than 2.5 mg of bromocriptine (approximately 18 vs 12 h). According to this, 0.5 mg CU 32085 once a day was sufficient to maintain Prl levels within the normal range in 16 patients. Side-effects were similar in nature and frequency to those induced by bromocriptine and seemed to be dose-dependent. They can be avoided by slowly increases of dose at initiation of treatment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of estrogen priming effects with body weight restoration effects on the gonadotropin pattern of patients with anorexia nervosa.

Plasma estradiol (E2), serum LH and FSH, and the gonadotropin response to two consecutive LHRH administrations (10 and 100 micrograms with an interval of 2 h) were determined in 19 patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) at the emaciation phase, before and after estradiol benzoate (E2B) injections (3 micrograms/kg/day for 7 days). The same investigations were repeated after weight restoration in 9 AN patients who remained amenorrheic. Both at the emaciation phase and after weight restoration, E2B enhanced the second LH response to LHRH and decreased serum FSH, suggesting that the functional capacities of the pituitary gonadotrophs are normal in AN. Unlike E2B injections, weight restoration increased all the hormone values, suggesting that the weight restoration effects on the abnormal gonadotropin secretory pattern of AN depend on another mechanism than the E2 lowering. That mechanism is probably a disorder of the hypothalamic LHRH secretion, the consequences of which could be reinforced by the low E2 levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Results of treating infections of the cervical mucosa with doxycycline polyphosphate in 53 infertile women].

Our study was carried out on 53 women who had been infertile for more than a year and who had cervical mucus infection. In 13 cases (group A) there was no other known associated factor to cause the infertility. In 26 cases (group B) there was an obvious associated factor and in a further 14 cases there was a latent associated factor. The physical characteristics as well as the bacteriological appearances of the mucus (which included a systematic search for aerobic bacteria and for chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and for ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) were studied both before and 6-8 weeks after treatment with doxycycline polyphosphate given in doses of 100 mg twice daily. Before treatment the bacteria most often found were escherichia coli (20 cases) and enterococci (18 cases). CT was only found once and UU six times, usually in association with other bacteria. In 75.5% of cases the treatment made the affecting organism go; and cut down or removed entirely the number of leucocytes in the mucus in 73.5% of cases. But the physical characteristics of the mucus were only improved in 43% of cases, and in 18 cases a new infective organism was found in the mucus after treatment. However, it was in too low a concentration to determine its pathogenicity. There were nine pregnancies within 4 months of the start of treatment, which means that 30% in group A and 19% in group B became pregnant. Infection of the cervical mucus therefore does really seem to be a factor in lowered fertility in certain women CT and UU seem to be rarely the responsible organisms. Doxycycline phosphophate in an efficient and well tolerated treatment in these infections.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1983

[Hormone levels, celioscopy and ovarian histology in the hirsutism-anovulation syndrome].

Among 50 women with hirsutism, spanio- or amenorrhoea and anovulation, coelioscopy and histological examination of ovarian biopsies showed that 26 had typically polycystic ovaries (PCO), 17 had "borderline ovaries" (BO)--i.e. apparently normal or subnormal but with histological abnormalities identical to those of PCO--and 7 had normal ovaries. The hormonal profiles of BO and PCO were very similar. An increase in LH or in LH response to LHRH, which is regarded as characteristic of polycystic ovarian disease, was only observed in 75% of women with PCO or BO. The PCO and BO detection value of simple basal LH determination was slightly enhanced by the LHRH test, and no further enhancement was observed after repeated LHRH injections. 38% of PCO's and 75% of BO's were associated with adrenal hyperandrogenism, as evidenced by a rise in dehydroepiandrosterone values. Thus, more than one half of hirsute and non-ovulating women have polycystic ovaries. Most of these can be diagnosed by hormonal investigations without having recourse to coelioscopy. However, some do not display, at least permanently, the hormonal profile characteristic of polycystic ovarian disease.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1983

[Basal C peptide levels in response to intravenous tolbutamide in the detection of incorrect insulin therapy (or prolonged misuse)].

Fifty nine insulin dependant diabetics were hospitalised for a trial withdrawal of insulin: 17 patients rapidly showed signs of lack of insulin, 18 did not develop cetoacidosis but could not be stabilised on diet and oral hypoglycemic agents, 24 were stabilised without insulin. A statistical study (multifactorial analysis of correlations, plotting of ROC graphs) validated the classification of these diabetics into 3 groups. It also showed that in patients with hypoglycemia, the values of C-protein, and after intravenous injection of tolbutamide, were good predictive factors for insulin-dependance: all patients with basal C-protein less than 1,9 ng/ml could not be stabilised without insulin; when the basal C-protein greater than or equal to 1,9 ng/ml and the amplitude of response at the 5th min was greater than or equal to 0,4 ng/ml, the diabetes could be stabilised by diet and oral hypoglycemic agents in 90 p. 100 of cases. This institutes an easy, reliable and economic method of detecting abusive insulin therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[The value of estimating the levels of amniotic insulin which come from the fetus in looking after diabetic pregnancies in the last trimester (author's transl)].

The authors carried out 49 estimations of amniotic fluid levels of insulin in 41 patients. 25 of these patients were non-diabetic and they were a control group, and 16 patients were diabetic (24 estimations). The liquor was collected by amniocentesis between the 32nd and the 42nd week of amenorrhoea. The mean of the control levels was 3.17 micro-units per ml. The mean of the values in diabetic pregnancies was 9.97 micro-units per ml. The difference between the two groups is statistically significant. We have studied this insulinaemia in relationship to the duration of the diabetes, the maternal weight increase, the levels of insulin used therapeutically, the blood glucose level, the rise in arterial blood pressure, the weight of the infant, the date of delivery, the presence of fetal distress and the control of blood sugar. There is a statistically significant difference between the insulinaemia of patients in whom the diabetes is well controlled (mean level of 7.08 micro-units per ml) and the patients in whom the diabetes is badly controlled (31.7 micro-units per ml). This new parameter for supervision of the third trimester of pregnancy in diabetics gives rise to the possibilities of a better approach to materno-fetal blood sugar regulation and to an adjustment of the therapeutic doses of insulin that are given which will result in lengthening of the duration of pregnancy, with the aim of achieving a spontaneous vaginal delivery at term.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1980

[Test of pituitary adrenal suppressibility with I.V. dexamethsaone in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome (author's transl)].

The authors report a pituitary adrenal suppressibility test, using a 4 h IV infusion of dexamethasone phosphate (4 mg). Plasma cortisol is measured before and at the end of the infusion. The results allow a good discrimination between Cushing's disease (bilateral adrenal hyperplasia: 9 cases) and Cushing's syndrome of tumorous origin (adrenal tumors 7 cases, ectopic ACTH syndrome 3 cases, hypophyseal adenomas 2 cases), only bilateral adrenal hyperplasia cases are lowering significantly.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1979

Evidence for a correlation between late replication and autosomal gene inactivation in a familial translocation t(X;21).

A familial translocation t(X;21)(q2700;q11) is studied. A girl, trisomic for almost all the chromosome 21, has a mildly abnormal phenotype. A second girl, phenotypically abnormal, is monosomic for the juxtacentromeric region of chromosome 21 only. A comparison of the replication pattern and of the activity of superoxide dismutase (gene located on chromosome 21) shows a clear correlation between late replication, gene inactivation and phenotype expression of chromsome 21.

Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y↗