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Biomedical subjects

J C Frandsen

Publications and source records attributed to J C Frandsen.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Mineral content of the free-living nematode Turbatrix aceti and ruminant parasite Trichostrongylus colubriformis.

1. The parasitic nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis and free-living nematode Turbatrix aceti were examined for element content. 2. T. colubriformis contained significantly less phosphorus, potassium, manganese and boron than T. aceti. 3. T. colubriformis contained significantly more nitrogen and copper than T. aceti. 4. Comparative study of the chemical composition of parasitic vs free-living nematodes may facilitate in vitro cultivation of the parasitic forms.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Derivatives of epinephrine, norepinephrine, octopamine and histamine formed by homogenates of Trichostrongylus colubriformis, a nematode parasite of ruminants.

1. Radiolabeled epinephrine, norepinephrine, octopamine and histamine were introduced into homogenates of mixed sexes of the nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis and the labeled derivatives formed during incubation were identified by HPLC. Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl glycol (HMPG) and metanephrine were formed from epinephrine. 2. VMA, HMPG and normetanephrine were produced from norepinephrine. 3. Octopamine was converted into norepinephrine, synephrine and epinephrine. 4. Imidazole-4-acetic acid, 1,4-methylimidazole acetic acid and acetylhistamine were formed from histamine. 5. Inhibitors of monoamine oxidase, catechol-O-methyltransferase and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase were tested for their effects on the formation of certain of these derivatives, and the results suggested that these enzymes were active in the homogenate.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Prevalence of Sarcocystis odocoileocanis from white-tailed deer in Alabama and its attempted transmission to goats.

Sarcocysts of Sarcocystis odocoileocanis were found in tissue sections of hearts and tongues examined by light microscopy from 30 (88%) of 34 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Hearts were infected less often (13 of 34, 38%) than were tongues (30 of 34, 88%). Sarcocysts of Sarcocystis odoi were not observed in the white-tailed deer examined. A gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) excreted sporocysts after consuming tongues of white-tailed deer infected with S. odocoileocanis. Two goats inoculated with either 50,000 or 500,000 sporocysts of S. odocoileocanis isolated from the gray fox did not have sarcocysts in tissue sections of the heart, tongue, diaphragm, or esophagus when examined 122 days postinoculation. Dogs fed these tissues from control or inoculated goats did not pass sporocysts in their feces. The present study demonstrates: (1) a high prevalence of S. odocoileocanis infection in white-tailed deer in Alabama, and (2) that goats are not suitable intermediate hosts for S. odocoileocanis.

Alabama↗
PubMed1987

Parasites as stressors: plasma cortisol responses of goats infected with the stomach worm Haemonchus contortus to exogenous corticotropin (ACTH).

Ten male, juvenile pigmy goats of similar age and weight were allocated randomly to two groups. Goats in one group were each inoculated with 20,000 infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus. The other group served as uninfected controls. Goats were housed together, and precautions were taken to avoid the creation of differential, between group, stressogenic circumstances. Body weights, nematode egg production, hematocrits, and clinical signs were monitored over a 61-day period following inoculation of larvae. On Days 59 and 61, adrenal response tests (ART) were conducted by measuring the levels of plasma cortisol before and 2 h after administration of porcine ACTH at the rate of 0.35 I.U. kg-1 body weight on Day 59 and 2.2 I.U. kg-1 on Day 61. Although the infections did not reduce body weights, they were 'heavy' on the basis of egg production, and led to significant reductions in packed erythrocyte volumes. There was no significant difference between the groups of goats in the responses to ART, indicating that the infections did not produce sufficient stress to reduce the ability of the adrenal cortex to respond to exogenous ACTH.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1987

Biogenic amines and their metabolites in Trichostrongylus colubriformis, a nematode parasite of ruminants.

The following biogenic amines (BA) and BA metabolites were identified via HPLC in homogenates prepared from adults of Trichostrongylus colubriformis (Nematoda) recovered from the intestines of goats: N-acetyldopamine, DOPA, dopamine, epinephrine, epinine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenylglycol, 3-(p-hydroxyphenyl) proprionic acid, metanephrine, O-methyl-DOPA, 3-methoxytyramine, norepinephrine, normetanephrine, octopamine, p-hydroxymandelic acid, serotonin, synephrine, tyramine and vanillylmandelic acid. The mean concentrations of these compounds in groups of worms collected from different goats did not differ significantly with sex, but between the groups variance was high with probable components of both host and nematode origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of selenium on polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in goats.

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) from goats fed selenium-deficient and selenium-adequate diets were tested for their ability to perform (i) random migration under agarose, (ii) leukotaxis toward serum chemotaxins under agarose, and (iii) phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan by chemiluminescence analysis. Function of PMN from goats fed the selenium-deficient diet was severely depressed, and incubation of these cells with selenium resulted in marked functional enhancement. Also, administration of selenium to goats fed the selenium-deficient diet resulted in increased PMN functions. Increase or decrease in PMN function was associated with corresponding alterations in blood, serum, and intracytoplasmic PMN glutathione peroxidase activities. It was concluded that a selenium-inadequate diet fed to goats results in depressed PMN function which is associated with physiologic changes in glutathione peroxidase levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effects of low-level infections by coccidia and roundworms on the nutritional status of rats fed an adequate diet.

Experiments were conducted on male, Sprague-Dawley rats of the same age fed a standard laboratory diet to determine the comparative effects of single and concurrent subclinical infections by coccidia (Eimeria nieschulzi) and roundworms (Nippostrongylus brasiliensis) on nutritional status and metabolism. All infections produced anorexia, but it was more prolonged and intense with the concurrent ones. Feed:gain ratios were increased only by infections by nematodes alone, but average daily gains were reduced beyond the effect of anorexia (i.e., "specifically") only with the double infections. Infections by coccidia only, but not by nematodes only, specifically reduced the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and N; whereas only the apparent N digestibility was specifically reduced by the double infections. Balances of N were reduced in infected rats and pair-fed controls during anoretic periods, but significant differences between the daily means for infected and pair-fed rats occurred only erratically. Specific increases in urinary N loss did not occur with the single infections, but occurred on 2 d with the double ones. Increased losses of fecal N occurred with both coccidial and double infections, but they were much more pronounced in the latter. No effects of infection on the balances or carcass contents of Ca and P occurred. The only significant differences between mean empty carcass densities occurred with the double-infected and free-fed uninfected groups, with the mean for the uninfected group being the higher.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1982

Metabolic effects of infection by the stomach worm Obeliscoides cuniculi in rabbits fed diets varying in nutritive quality.

Rabbits parasitized by Obeliscoides cuniculi were used as models for stomach worm parasitism in ruminants. A 3 X 4 randomized complete block design containing three levels of of infection (NI, no infection; LI and HI, infections produced by 1,800 and 30,000 larvae, respectively) and four levels of diet (PC, high protein and carbohydrate; pc, low protein and carbohydrate; Pc, high protein, and low carbohydrate; pC, low protein and high carbohydrate) was replicated four times. Mean weight gains for rabbits on diets pc or PC were not influenced by infection level, whereas LI rabbits on diets Pc and pC gained as well as the NI animals and more than the HI ones. Only HI rabbits exhibited anorexia. NI and LI rabbits has positive feed conversion efficiencies, whereas those of HI rabbits were negative. The apparent digestibilities of organic matter, protein, and ash in rabbits with different infection levels varied with diet. Daily nitrogen balances were positive. The changes in concentrations of amino acids in the plasma typically associated with systemic, fever-producing infections or with starvation or protein-calorie malnutrition did not occur in infected rabbits. Only the high level infections produced adverse effects on productivity. These effects occurred on diets pc, Pc and pC and were mediated by anorexia.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

Effects of concurrent subclinical infections by coccidia (Eimeria christenseni) and intestinal nematodes (Trichostrongylus colubriformis) on apparent nutrient digestibilities and balances, serum copper and zinc, and bone mineralization in the pigmy goat.

Subclinical infections by the intestinal nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis were established in 7 pigmy goats by inoculating each with 4,000 infective larvae 5 days/week for 18 weeks. At the start of the 14th week, 3 of the goats were orally inoculated daily with 10,000 sporulated oocytes of the coccidium Eimeria christenseni for 6 days, producing subclinical infections. During selected weeks, the goats were placed in metabolism cages to monitor feed consumption and collect orts, feces, and urine. Samples of rib, vertebra, and tibia were removed at time of death, on day 126. The superimposition of the coccidial infections on the nematode infections did not affect apparent ash, nitrogen, organic matter, or dry matter digestibilities; balances of nitrogen or phosphorus; serum copper or zinc concentrations; liveweights or feed conversion efficiencies. Mean calcium balances remained positive, although they were reduced during the first week of the superimposed coccidial infections. The mineralization of the matrix of the tibia and 4th lumbar vertebra was less in the goats with the superimposed coccidial infections than in those infected only with nematodes. Presence of the superimposed infections was associated with a decrease in the mean moisture and lipid contents of the tibia.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Further studies on the properties of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase from the coccidium Eimeria stiedai (Protozoa).

1. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Eimeria stiedai does not reduce NAD or any of its analogs tested. It does reduce NADP and its thionicotinamide and 3-acetylpyridine analogs. 2. It will accept D-glucose as substrate, but not 2-deoxy-D-glucose, glucose 1-phosphate, or 2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate. 3. Its response to a number of compounds that activate or inhibit the enzyme from other organisms has been determined. 4. The molecular weight is ca. 240,000 by gel chromatography, and only one isoenzyme could be detected by disc electrophoresis. 5. The enzyme resists conditions that commonly cause dissociation to lighter weight active forms.

Animals↗