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Biomedical subjects

J C Goldstein

Publications and source records attributed to J C Goldstein.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Expression of recombinant microfilarial chitinase and analysis of domain function.

A family of chitinase isozymes was previously characterized from the microfilariae of Brugia malayi and Brugia pahangi. The expression of these enzymes correlates with the onset of microfilarial infectivity for the mosquito vector. To study the role of chitinase activity in filarial transmission, the p70 chitinase from Brugia malayi was cloned and expressed in two forms: a full-length product of approximately 62 kDa and a truncated product of 43 kDa containing only the N-terminal catalytic domain. Two epitopes defined by monoclonal antibodies were preserved only in the full-length recombinant enzyme. It was found that deletion of the cysteine-rich C-terminal domain increased the yield of the recombinant expression product, and did not affect the K(m) for di- or trisaccharide substrates. However, affinity for high molecular weight chitin was specific to the full-length molecule, and is apparently mediated by the cysteine-rich domain, suggesting a role for this part of the protein in targeting the secreted enzyme to its substrate.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Advanced laryngeal cancer. Relevance of pathologic stage to survival and therapy.

Sixty-seven laryngectomies performed for stage III and stage IV laryngeal carcinoma were reviewed. Stage III disease was managed by surgery alone. Treatment of stage IV disease was divided equally between surgery only and surgery plus radiotherapy. Five-year survival rates by clinical stage were 73% for stage III and 39% for stage IV. Clinical underestimation of disease occurred in 25% of stage III lesions. Unrecognized cartilage invasion and nodal disease occurred with equal frequency. Survival rates computed on the basis of pathologic staging were 91% for stage III and 41% for stage IV. Patients with stage IV disease who were treated with surgery alone had a 28% survival rate, while those receiving both radiotherapy and surgery had a 56% survival rate. In our opinion, surgical pathologic staging more accurately predicts survival than does clinical staging. Surgery alone appears to be adequate therapy for pathologic stage III laryngeal cancer. Addition of radiotherapy significantly improves survival in stage IV disease.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1985

External rhinoplasty approach to transsphenoidal hypophysectomy.

The history of transsphenoidal hypophysectomy demonstrates the soundness of the basic concept of approaching the sella turcica in a midline fashion through the nose. Conceptually, it has not been eclipsed since first evolved by Cushing in the early part of this century. The surgical advances since Cushing's time have been major refinements in instrumentation and minor refinements of his basic technique. The external rhinoplasty approach is such a refinement. We have used this technique in a two-year period between June 1982 and June 1984 on 14 patients. We have found this technique for transsphenoidal hypophysectomy to be a simple, reliable, rapid technique for exposing the septum and the floor of the nose. It provides excellent exposure to the sphenoid sinus and pituitary gland without loss of nasal tip projection or other cosmetic deformity.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

In vitro modulation of differentiation by calcium in organ cultures of human and murine epithelial tissue.

The differentiation of epithelial tissue in organ cultures of murine buccal mucosa, various human oral mucosa, and human newborn foreskin was found to be dependent on the calcium concentration of the culture media. In low calcium medium (less than or equal to 0.07 mM) epithelial differentiation was inhibited. The original stratifying layers separate and can be removed, producing a destratified explant. Histologically such an explant consists of a dorsal epithelial layer of basal keratinocytes resting on an intact basal lamina with subjacent stroma. At 0.01 mM calcium, the epithelial layer was one to two cells thick whereas at 0.07 mM it could be three or more layers in thickness with the most superficial cells being spread over the underlying cells. In addition to differentiation, keratinocyte migration over the sides of the explant (epiboly) and epithelial proliferation as determined by [3H]thymidine autoradiography were reduced by culture in low calcium medium. Redifferentiation occurs upon return to normal calcium levels (1.8 mM); addition of hydrocortisone to low calcium media was found to facilitate this redifferentiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic maxillary sinusitis.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. Au.) infection of the maxillary sinus has been reported as an incidental finding on routine antrostomy; however, it has also been noted in several studies as the significant organism in the etiology of chronic sinusitis. Four case reports of culture verified Ps. Au. maxillary sinusitis are presented. The therapeutic modality used in two of the cases was a Caldwell-Luc operation and in two, an intranasal antrostomy. In all cases, multiple irrigations through the surgically created nasoantral windows were done postoperatively, as was the instillation of gentamicin ophthalmic drops intranasally. In all four cases the infection cleared with this combined surgical and medical therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Alternate innervations of facial musculature.

There have been several case reports in which spontaneous return of facial function has occurred without grafting or other surgical intervention. This implies that there may be alternate pathways to explain this phenomenon. Using the technique of retrograde axonal transport with chromogens tagged to the marker enzyme horseradish peroxidase, selected facial muscles of the monkey were injected to demonstrate CNS representation. The facial nucleus was identified, exhibiting topographic arrangement in the CNS. More importantly, in several specimens, nuclear cells of the mesencephalic tract also were stained. This is part of the trigeminal system, normally associated with proprioception, whose axons travel with other fifth cranial nerve branches. The trigeminal motor nucleus did not exhibit any pickup of the enzyme marker, indicating that there was no contamination from facial musculature innervated by the fifth cranial nerve. This finding suggests that the facial musculature, normally innervated by the seventh cranial nerve, has an additional nerve supply.

Animals↗