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Biomedical subjects

J C Labadie

Publications and source records attributed to J C Labadie.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Use of antibiotics in hospitals in south-western France.

Data on the use of antibiotics were collected by means of a questionnaire from 49 hospitals in south-western France. Use was expressed as a usage density rate: number of defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1000 patient-days. The average use of antibiotics amounted to 402 DDDs per 1000 patient-days and varied between 60 and 734. In acute-care wards, the amount of antibiotic use increased with the size of the hospital: 461 DDDs per 1000 patient-days for group A (<100 beds), 510 DDDs per 1000 patient-days for group B (more than 100 and less then 300 beds) and 676 DDDs per 1000 patient-days for group C (>300 beds). The rate of use differed among different types of hospital areas and varied from 58 for psychiatry departments to more than 1273 DDDs per 1000 patient-days for the infectious diseases departments. Broad-spectrum penicillins were the most frequently prescribed antibiotics. Fluoroquinolone and third-generation cephalosporin use were relatively uniform in the three size categories. This study shows that it is possible for a hospital to benchmark its consumption with other hospitals that are similar in size. In this way, surveillance of antibiotic use can aid hospitals in targeting infection control efforts.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed2004

[Medical liability: new obligations concerning information of patients on infectious risks].

Nosocomial infections have always been considered as "unbearable" by patients and public opinion. Court decisions progressively evolved to a greater compensation until the 4 March 2002 law, "relative to the rights of patients and to the healthcare system quality" which set up a very specific protocol for liability and access to compensation, whether care is given in public or private practice. Furthermore, this law has determined new obligations concerning information of patients, especially concerning nosocomial infections which must be acknowledged by physicians.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of protein patterns of Listeria monocytogenes grown in biofilm or in planktonic mode by proteomic analysis.

The proteome of a Listeria monocytogenes strain isolated from a food plant was investigated to study the differential protein pattern expressed by biofilms and planktonic bacteria. The approach used in this study was a combination of two-dimensional electrophoresis, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight and database searches for the protein identification. Thirty-one proteins varied significantly between the two growth conditions. Twenty-two and nine proteins were up- and down-regulated respectively and nine proteins were successfully identified. The variations of the protein patterns indicated that the biofilm development is probably controlled by specific regulation of protein expression involved at various levels of cellular physiology.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Agrobacterium radiobacter as a cause of pseudobacteremia.

Agrobacterium radiobacter was isolated from 15 blood cultures collected from 15 newborns. Contamination of blood cultures was suspected because, in most cases, the babies' illnesses seemed incompatible with infection. A radiobacter was isolated from citrated tubes used for clotting-factor studies. Review of venipuncture technique revealed that occasionally the coagulation study tubes were being inoculated before the blood-culture bottles. This investigation demonstrated how an environmental source coupled with faulty technique caused a cluster of false-positive blood cultures.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1998

Effects of pH or a(w) stress on growth of Listeria monocytogenes.

The growth of three strains of Listeria monocytogenes at 20 degrees C in a meat broth of different pH or water activity was investigated. At inoculation or at the beginning of the exponential phase, cells were exposed to stress by the addition of NaOH or NH4+, acetic acid, NaCl or KCl, in order to reach a pH of either 9.0 or 5.6, or an a(w) of 0.950 or 0.965, respectively. The effects of the exposure to stress on the generation and lag times of each strain were analysed by turbidity measurements for cultures in micro-titer plates. Results were confirmed by conducting the same experiments in a fermentor, except for the maximal population reached. The three strains showed similar behaviour. Cells were able to overcome the alkaline stress rapidly whereas acid and osmotic shocks induced important changes of the growth parameters. Cells exposed to acid or osmotic conditions from the time of inoculation were less affected than cells exposed at the beginning of the mid-exponential phase.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed1998

Effect of several decontamination procedures on Listeria monocytogenes growing in biofilms.

Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic bacterium which has been implicated in several foodborne illnesses. This microorganism grows into biofilms attached to the surfaces in food-processing plants, increasing its resistance to antimicrobial agents. The present work was realized to investigate the attachment of L. monocytogenes isolates to glass surfaces and to find a decontamination procedure to remove these bacteria in biofilms. Three-day biofilms were prepared by growing L. monocytogenes isolates from food plant environments on glass surfaces. Sixteen decontamination treatments at different pHs, temperatures, and times of exposure were tested against L. monocytogenes biofilms. The most efficient treatments were those applied at 63 degrees C. Combinations of decontamination treatments applied at 55 degrees C for 30 min provided different results according to the other factors used. In general, L. monocytogenes biofilms were found to be not very susceptible to high osmolarity (10.5% NaCl), and the interaction of sodium chloride and acid did not seem to have important effects in inactivating these bacteria (from a 1.3-to a 1.9-log-CFU/cm2 reduction). The combination of NaOH (pH 10.5; 100 mM) and acetic acid (pH 5.4; 76.7 mM) applied sequentially at 55 degrees C for even 5 min was shown to be the most effective treatment to remove L. monocytogenes from biofilms (at least a 4.5-to 5.0-log-CFU/cm2 decline).

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed1990

[Information campaign in Aquitaine about protection against malaria for travelers going to tropical regions].

The incidence of imported malaria is increasing in France, in relation to the increasing frequency of travel to tropical areas and the extension of chemoresistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum throughout the world. Worsening morbidity and mortality due to this parasite in the last 5 years is having an impact in socioeconomic terms; this is all the more prejudicial in that a young healthy population is concerned. Traditional chemoprophylaxis is at present insufficient for adequately controlling this recrudescence. Both the public and general practitioners should be made more aware of the measures to be taken during, and especially after foreign travel, in order to reverse the present tendency concerning imported malaria, and to improve travellers' protection.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of decontamination procedures used at digestive endoscopy units in Gironde].

Decontamination procedures used for endoscopes were noted in 23 digestive endoscopy units, public and private, in the department of Gironde and compared to recommended procedures. Serial, bacteriological samples were obtained from one esogastroscope and one colonoscope in each unit, after upper endoscopy and colonoscopy diagnostic procedures at the end of the endoscopy session. Six units of 23 used complete decontamination procedures. In the 17 other units, principal errors of decontamination procedures were: inadequate cleaning of internal channel of scopes (12 units) and lack of utilization of glutaraldehyde between each endoscopy (8 units). Bacteriological samples were negative in 11/12 endoscopes after a complete decontamination procedure and in 8/39 after an inadequate procedure (p less than 0.01). Complete procedures are efficacious but not used often enough. Information and changes in endoscopic practices are necessary in digestive endoscopy units.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The cost of hospitalizing patients with AIDS in Bordeaux].

The study deals with the infectious diseases department of the university hospital of Bordeaux where most of the AIDS patients in south western France are admitted. In 1986, the department counted 64 admissions (and readmissions) from 35 AIDS patients and 1376 admissions (and readmissions) from 707 other patients. Taking into account admissions of AIDS patients into other hospital departments, the average cost of a hospital day of an AIDS patient was estimated at 1815 French francs in 1986. The length of stay, per AIDS patient and per year, was of 31.5 days in Bordeaux (1986), as compared to 18 days in San Francisco, USA (1984) and 33 days in the Massachusetts, USA (1984). In Bordeaux, the length of stay for other patients in the same department was 17 days. The consumption of diagnostic-related biological exams of AIDS patients in Bordeaux was twofold that of other patients. Per capita, overall hospital costs incurred by AIDS patients increased by 56 percent, as compared to other patients. For the time being, there is no need to build a new department, the existing facilities being sufficient to cope with the AIDS epidemic. If a new department has to be established, the hospital cost of AIDS patients would of course be much higher.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗