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Biomedical subjects

J C Lane

Publications and source records attributed to J C Lane.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein. LPS binding properties and effects on LPS-mediated cell activation.

We have previously shown that human bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) is able to inhibit serum-dependent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated activation of human monocytes and neutrophils in vitro, and to counteract the lethal effects of LPS challenge in vivo. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) is a serum protein which participates in LPS-mediated activation of cells (Tobias, P. S., Mathison, J., Mintz, D., Lee, J. D., Kravchenko, V., Kato, K., Pugin, J., and Ulevitch, R. J. (1992) Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. 7, 239-245). We have proposed that BPI functions in a negative feedback loop which opposes this activation (Marra, M. N., Wilde, C. G., Collins, M. S., Snable, J. L., Thornton, M. B., and Scott, R. W. (1992) J. Immunol. 148, 532-537). We have now cloned and expressed recombinant forms of human BPI and LBP. Here we demonstrate that purified recombinant human LBP can replace the serum requirement for both LPS binding to human monocytes and LPS-mediated secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha from these cells. These activities of LBP are inhibited by a neutralizing anti-CD14 monoclonal antibody. We further demonstrate that purified recombinant human BPI can inhibit LBP-mediated LPS binding to cells and their subsequent activation. Comparison of the LPS binding properties of BPI and LBP in enzyme-linked immunosorbent type assays and in the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay suggest that BPI has a stronger affinity for LPS than does LBP. Direct competition between BPI and LBP for LPS may explain the inhibition by BPI of the proinflammatory effects of LBP in the presence of LPS.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1992

Studies on the transfer of tocopherol between lipoproteins.

The net transfer of labeled alpha-tocopherol from donor to acceptor lipoproteins at physiological concentrations was investigated. Labeled lipoproteins were isolated i) following in vitro addition of [3,4-3H] all rac-alpha-tocopherol to plasma, or ii) from plasma obtained 12-16 h after ingestion by normal subjects of an oral dose (100 mg each) of 2R,4'R,8'R-alpha-[5,7-(C2H3)2]tocopheryl acetate and 2S,4'R,'R-alpha-[5-C2H3]tocopheryl acetate. A constant amount (on a protein basis) of labeled lipoprotein was incubated with an increasing amount of unlabeled acceptor lipoprotein for 2 h at 37 degrees C. No discrimination between stereoisomers of alpha-tocopherol was detected. Labeled VLDL and labeled LDL (very low and low density lipoproteins, respectively) tended to retain their labeled tocopherol. Labeled high density lipoproteins (HDL) readily transferred the labeled tocopherol to VLDL (> 60% transferred), while the transfer to LDL was dependent upon the ratio of labeled HDL/LDL with a lower net transfer at higher ratios. This dependency of the distribution of tocopherol upon the ratio of HDL/LDL was also observed in vivo. The tocopherol/mg HDL protein was measured in 11 subjects with varying HDL levels. As the % HDL in the plasma increased from 14 to 50%, the tocopherol/HDL protein also increased (r2 = 0.37, P < 0.05).

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1990

Whipple's disease presenting with isolated neurological symptoms. Case report.

Whipple's disease is infrequently considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with progressive neurological deterioration. This is in part a result of the relative rarity of this entity and in part due to the more frequent initial presentation of the disease with gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, or cardiovascular symptoms. A case is described in which the neurological symptoms of progressive dementia and weakness were seen in the relative absence of non-neurological symptomatology. The diagnosis of Whipple's disease was made from a brain biopsy. The neuropathology of Whipple's disease of the central nervous system is described and the importance of considering it as a treatable entity in the differential diagnosis of progressive neurological deterioration, despite the absence of systemic symptomatology, is stressed.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1984

[Experience with an innovation in the evaluation process at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the State University of Campinas].

One way in which the university can perform its function of providing the community with competent professionals is to impart to the student during the educational process not only the knowledge he needs to exercise his profession, but also confidence to function in the area of his training and an awareness of his limitations. In an attempt to do this, the School of Medical Sciences at Campinas State University (São Paulo, Brazil) has established experimentally an evaluation by which it can be determined whether instructional objectives are being attained and, at the same time, needed adjustments to the teaching-learning process can be identified. Introduced in 1971 and modified several times since in the light of experience, the system is based on the identification of objectives, and of procedures and resources for attaining them, through questionnaires that are filled in not only by the teacher as in traditional procedures, but by the student as well. On the completion of each course, the student is required to answer questions that establish his progress in the acquisition of theoretical and practical knowledge and, at the same time, bring out his perceptions and attitudes in relation to the teaching process and its objectives. The system met with some resistance when it was being introduced and hence has not yet been made a prerequisite for admission to medical internship. The initial results showed that, in most cases, closer monitoring of the student's progress is needed, and a fresh evaluation of his knowledge afterwards if the community is to be minimally assured as to the overall performance of the new professional.

Attitude↗
PubMed1983

Mercy flights.

Mercy flights are flights undertaken for humane relief, which cannot be completed without breaching the normal rules of flying safety. We review the mercy flights that were made in Australia during 1980. Most flights were made for medical reasons, and the causes were largely divided between trauma and other medical conditions. The requests for most, but not all flights, were justified. Many had to be declared mercy flights because of mostly remediable deficiencies in outstation airfields.

Australia↗
PubMed1983

A study of astrocytes in retinoblastomas using the immunoperoxidase technique and antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein.

We identified astrocytes in 12 of 14 randomly selected formalin-fixed Paraplast-embedded retinoblastomas, using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex of the immunoperoxidase techniques and antibodies to purified glial fibrillary acidic protein. In two of these eyes, both of which had extensive choroidal invasion by retinoblastoma, we found no tumor cells containing glial fibrillary acidic protein. Astrocytes were observed in metastases within the neurologic tissue of the central nervous system in two cases, but were rarely noted in metastatic foci within the subarachnoid space, and were not found in distant metastases to other sites. These findings suggested that although some astrocytes may become incorporated into retinoblastomas from the retina as the neoplastic cells proliferate and the tumor grows, others proliferate in response to the tumor. Although we found foci of cells containing glial fibrillary acidic protein in some retinoblastomas, convincing evidence of glial differentiation from tumor cells was not observed in any of the retinoblastomas we studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Antidiuretic hormone responses to eucapnic and hypocapnic hypoxia in humans.

Urinary excretion rate of antidiuretic hormone (UADHV) was studied in male volunteers in response to hypobaric hypoxia. The first series consisted of three groups. The chamber was decompressed to 465, 495, and 438 Torr during high-altitude (HA) exposure for groups I (n = 5), II (n = 5), and III (n = 4), respectively. In group I, the chamber air contained 3.77% CO2 to prevent alkalosis. The level of hypoxemia was similar in groups I and II. Mean 24-h UADHV was unchanged in group I, but increased 96% (P less than 0.05) and 180% (P less than 0.05) in groups II and III, respectively, on day 1 at HA and was normal during subsequent days at HA regardless of symptoms of acute mountain sickness. Shorter sampling intervals employed in a second series of experiments conducted at 495 Torr revealed a twofold increase in UADHV (P less than 0.05) 8-12 h after ascent in eight asymptomatic subjects; UADHV returned to base line within 9 h and remained low. The symptomatic subjects both had increased UADHV (3- and 8-fold from base line) between 2 and 4 h after ascent. Increased UADHV in asymptomatic subjects may be a result of the concomitant decrease in plasma volume, both of which appeared to be eliminated by CO2 supplementation.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Post-mortem blood alcohol in general aviation pilots.

Blood alcohol concentrations are reviewed from a series of 250 consecutive fatal accidents, involving 259 pilots, for the years 1962 through 1975. BACs were obtained in 150 of 213 fatally injured pilots whose bodies were recovered. Positive BACs were 18% of total estimations. Impairment by alcohol was probably a factor in about 9% of accidents in which valid BACs were obtained. These percentages are not significantly different from lumped U.S. data. Comparison with fatal accidents in other modes of personal transportation shows alcohol plays a part in the following descending order: cars in single-vehicle accidents, all cars, motorcycles, general aviation aircraft.

Accidents, Aviation↗
PubMed1975

Probability of casualties in an airport disaster.

World airline accident statistics for the period 1960 to 1970 indicate the number of seriously, but nonfatally injured is unlikely to exceed 25% of the occupant capacity of the largest aircraft using an airport. In only 1 accident out of 20 will this number be an underestimate. This estimate may be of value in medical planning for an airport disaster and in the assessment of loads on hospitals.

Accidents, Aviation↗