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Biomedical subjects

J C Møller

Publications and source records attributed to J C Møller.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Efficacy and safety of prolonged thromboprophylaxis with a low molecular weight heparin (dalteparin) after total hip arthroplasty--the Danish Prolonged Prophylaxis (DaPP) Study.

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of prolonged (35 days) thromboprophylaxis with a standard length (7 days) regimen of a low molecular weight heparin in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. The study was multicentre, randomised, double-blind, and prospective with two groups. Following seven days on a standard length regimen of dalteparin (5000 antifactor Xa units subcutaneously once daily starting 12 h before surgery), patients were randomized to continue the prophylaxis with either subcutaneous injections of dalteparin or placebo injections for a further 28 days. Efficacy was evaluated at the end of the study (day 35) in all patients with bilateral ascending phlebography to detect deep vein thrombosis. Bleeding complications and other adverse events were registered throughout the study period. Three hundred consecutive patients agreed to participate before the operation: 281 were finally randomised and 215 completed the study; two patients died before randomisation; 17 developed deep vein thrombosis; none developed pulmonary embolism; and five of 113 patients (4.4%, 95% CI 1-10%) developed deep vein thrombosis in the dalteparin group, compared with 12 of 102 (11.8%; 95% CI 6-20%) in the placebo group (p=0.039). Deep vein thrombosis in the proximal veins was diagnosed in one patient (0.9%; 95% CI 0-5%) in the dalteparin group, and in five (5.0%; 95% CI 2-11%) in the placebo group (p=0.076). Major bleeding was observed in one patient in the placebo group; minor bleeding complications and adverse events were equally distributed between the groups. We concluded that prolonged (35 days) thrombo prophylaxis with dalteparin is more effective than a standard length (7 days) regimen without increased risk of bleeding complications or other adverse events.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Childhood hypersensitivity pneumonitis probably caused by cat hair.

A case is reported of a 10-y-old boy with hypersensitivity pneumonitis probably caused by his cat. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by animal hairs is reported in furriers, but hypersensitivity pneumonitis in children has only been described as caused by birds, moulds or other fungi. Steroid treatment may interfere with the possibility of finding the causative antigen.

Allergens↗
PubMed1988

Proximal tubules in long-term compensatory renal growth. Quantitative light- and electron-microscopic analyses.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of long-term compensatory growth (CRG) on the dimensions and ultrastructure of the renal proximal tubules. CRG was induced in right kidneys of pigs by subjecting the contralateral (left) kidneys total ureteral obstruction for 10 weeks. The length density (Lv) of proximal tubules was assessed at the light-microscopical level. Peritubular and luminal diameters, volume density (Vv) of mitochondria and surface density (Sv) of basolateral cell membranes were determined on montages of electron micrographs representing entire tubular cross-sections. Kidneys with CRG showed an average increase in weight of approximately 36%. The proximal tubules had near normal cross-sectional dimensions, surface density of basolateral cell membranes and volume density of mitochondria. The length density of proximal tubules was also the same as in control kidneys. However, there was an estimated increase in total proximal tubular length of almost 45%. The present results, combined with observations from short-term studies of CRG, suggest that the proximal tubules undergo a series of structural changes initiated by hypertrophy of cells and organelles and resulting in a state of predominant hyperplasia.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Proximal tubular atrophy: qualitative and quantitative structural changes in chronic obstructive nephropathy in the pig.

Kidneys of pigs with various degrees of induced chronic obstructive nephropathy were studied by light- and electron microscopy to assess the structural changes of proximal convoluted tubules with increasing degrees of atrophy. A particular aim was to evaluate the quantitative relationship between proximal tubular and interstitial changes in early tubular atrophy. The kidneys were subjected to varying degrees of ureteral obstruction and were fixed by in vivo vascular perfusion. Quantitative (morphometric) analyses were carried out on montages of electron micrographs representing randomly selected cortical areas and cross sections of individual proximal convoluted tubules. The results demonstrated that ureteral obstruction was followed by significant reductions in proximal tubular epithelium, in volume of proximal tubular mitochondria and in surface area of proximal tubular basolateral membranes. These changes were present even in the absence of any demonstrable increase in cortical interstitium or alterations in the relationships between proximal tubules and peritubular capillaries. With increase in the volume of cortical interstitium the proximal tubules were further simplified in ultrastructure with a reduced number of interdigitating lateral cell processes. Concomitantly there were significant quantitative changes in the spatial associations between tubules and capillaries due to increase in tubulo-capillary distances. The present study shows that ultrastructural changes in proximal tubules during early atrophy precede the volume increase in cortical interstitium associated with chronic obstructive nephropathy. It is suggested that the early tubular changes are due to decreased functional loads, whereas the further progression of tubular atrophy may be a result of impaired nourishment of the tubular cells due to increased interstitial tissue and altered relationships between tubules and capillaries.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Dimensional changes of proximal tubules and cortical capillaries in chronic obstructive renal disease. A light microscopic morphometric analysis.

The study was carried out to determine the proximal tubular length, surface area and length of peritubular capillaries and the nephron numbers in kidneys with chronic nephropathy and varying increase in the cortical interstitial volume. Kidneys of pigs with varying chronic obstructive nephropathy were used for the experiments. Two subgroups of ureter-obstructed kidneys were defined arbitrarily according to the volume of cortical interstitium. One subgroup (I) comprised kidneys with a volume fraction of cortical interstitium less than 30% (mean 17.2%; mean of controls 9.7%). The other subgroup (II) consisted of kidneys with severe chronic nephropathy and with a volume fraction of interstitium more than 30% (mean 44.5%). Proximal tubular length and length and surface area of peritubular capillaries were assessed by conventional morphometric techniques on 1 micron thick sections of plastic embedded material. Nephron numbers were determined by a stereological method for counting glomeruli. The results demonstrated that proximal tubular length and capillary dimensions were significantly reduced in subgroup II, whereas no significant changes were observed in subgroup I. The mean number of glomeruli was not significantly different from control values in any of the subgroups. The results are in line with observations from previous quantitative analyses of proximal tubular cross-sections indicating that proximal tubular dimensions become reduced mainly at advanced stages of chronic nephropathy. The results also indicate that shortening of individual tubules rather than loss of entire nephrons is responsible for the observed reduction in total length of proximal tubules. Finally, the present observations suggest that reduced dimensions of the cortical capillary network may have pathogenetic significance for ongoing proximal tubular atrophy in chronic renal disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Quantitative ultrastructure of human proximal tubules and cortical interstitium in chronic renal disease (hydronephrosis).

Surgically removed perfusion-fixed human kidneys with chronic renal disease (hydronephrosis) were studied by electron microscopy in order to determine whether there is a quantitative relationship between ultrastructural changes in proximal tubules in atrophy and changes in the surrounding cortical interstitium. Morphometric techniques were applied to montages of electron micrographs each covering several tubular profiles in the cortical labyrinth and to montages representing cross-sections of individual proximal convoluted tubules at a higher magnification. In order to enable a quantification of the spatial relations between individual tubular cross-sections and adjacent peritubular capillaries a tubulo-capillary index (TCI) was defined. This index was based on the mean distances between individual tubular cross-sections and adjacent peritubular capillaries and on the fraction of tubular circumference facing capillaries. Normal tissue from similarly fixed human nephrectomy specimens, which had been removed mainly because of neoplastic disorders, served as control material. In the hydronephrotic kidneys the relative volume of cortical interstitium (excluding capillaries) covered a range from 19.2-70.3%. Inverse correlations were demonstrated between the relative volume of cortical interstitium and various structural variables of proximal convoluted tubules, including tubular wall volume, the volume of mitochondria and the surface area of basolateral membranes. The TCI showed positive correlations with these tubular variables. No significant correlation was found between the volume fractions of cortical interstitium and capillaries. Finally, it was found that an increase in the volume fraction of the cortical interstitium from 16.2% in controls to 24.7% in cortical areas of hydronephrotic kidneys was associated with a 40-50% reduction in the volume of mitochondria and in the surface area of basolateral membranes in proximal tubules. The results are consistent with a pathogenic interrelationship between tubular and interstitial changes. An important factor in this relationship might be disturbed topographic associations between tubules and blood capillaries caused by the increase in cortical interstitium. The results further show that even slight increases in the cortical interstitial volume are associated with significant quantitative changes in tubular fine structure suggesting impaired tubular functions.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Ultrastructural analysis of human proximal tubules and cortical interstitium in chronic renal disease (hydronephrosis).

A systematic ultrastructural analysis of proximal tubule atrophy and cortical interstitial changes was carried out in human chronic nephropathy. The investigation was based on human hydronephrotic kidneys, which had been surgically removed and subsequently perfusion-fixed for light and electron microscopy. Normal kidney tissue, which was derived from nephrectomy specimens with pathological changes confined to part of the kidney or to the renal pelvis, was used for control material. A slight degree of proximal tubule atrophy was characterized by reduction of mitochondria and basolateral membranes, enlargement of large endocytic vacuoles and increased numbers of lysosomes containing lamellar material. In moderate atrophy these changes were further accentuated, and in addition there was an increasing loss of microvilli and a reduction of endocytic invaginations and small endocytic vacuoles. In severe atrophy all types of organelles were sparse and the architecture of the tubule cells greatly simplified. A distinctive feature of atrophic tubules was the presence in the tubule cells of large bundles of actin-like filaments, which were often associated with outpouchings of basal cell parts and basement membrane. The reduction of mitochondria and basolateral cell membranes and the changes of endocytic vacuoles and lysosomes indicate that proximal tubule atrophy also in early stages may be associated with impairment of tubular transport processes. Comparisons with previous observations in various types of experimentally induced tubule cell degeneration and with the ultrastructure of regenerating proximal tubule cells provide some evidence that degenerative changes as well as imperfect regeneration of tubule cells may contribute to the alterations of ultrastructure in tubular atrophy. It is suggested that changes of the cortical interstitium may be of pathogenic importance for the progression of tubular atrophy by altering the spatial relationships between tubules and capillaries.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The pressure volume relationship of the renal pelvis in total obstruction in pigs.

The renal pelvic pressure/volume relationship was investigated in 8 pigs with a 10-week total unilateral obstruction. The pressure in the totally obstructed pelves was significantly increased to a mean value of 44 cm H2O (30.5-64). After emptying, the renal pelves were refilled continuously at a rate of 8 cc per minute to a maximal pressure of 80 cm H2O. The relationship between pressure and volume showed a cystometric configuration. Capacity at the maximal pressure varied from 32 to 167 ml. The difference in capacity was not related to differences in the pelvic wall connective tissue fraction or the wall thickness. Neither was any relation between resting pressure and capacity found. The investigation demonstrates that total supposedly uniform obstructions exhibit a broad variation in compliance. The broad variation in compliance might be an important factor in the pathogenesis of progression in hydronephrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Renal malakoplakia. Report of a case with giant Michaelis-Gutmann bodies.

We report an unusual case of renal malakoplakia appearing as a solitary tumour with spread beyond the confines of the kidney, affecting adjoining organs. The Michaelis-Gutmann bodies were extraordinary large (greater than 100 mu) and contained inconspicuous amounts of lime-salts. Their ultrastructural features, however, were identical with those previously described for Michaelis-Gutmann bodies.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Ultrasound and clinical diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis of the leg.

The diagnostic precision of clinical evaluation and of ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis was obtained by ascending phlebography. The diagnostic specificity and diagnostic sensitivity of clinical examination was 0.72 and 0.78 and with ultrasound 0.73 and 0.70. With no other examination than phlebography is it possible to demonstrate major central thrombosis in the leg with certainty.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perfusion--fixation of human kidneys for ultrastructural analysis.

Surgically removed human kidneys were fixed by vascular perfusion to improve the preservation of renal tissue and, in particular, the proximal tubules for electron microscopic analysis. Fifty kidneys with various pathologic changes were perfusion-fixed with glutaraldehyde under pressure control immediately after nephrectomy. A Tyrode solution containing a spasmolytic drug initiated the perfusion. The results demonstrate that large volumes of ultrastructurally well-preserved kidney tissue can be obtained in normal (nontumorous) parts of tumor kidneys as well as in kidneys with chronic nephropathy. Several factors improved the quality of fixation: (1) start of perfusion-fixation within 15 min after clamping of the renal vessels, (2) careful handling of the kidney during nephrectomy, (3) simultaneous clamping of the main renal vessels, and (4) employment of a spasmolytic drug. In comparison with tissue from immersion-fixed renal biopsies, perfusion-fixed kidneys represented an improved basis for ultrastructural investigations of normal or pathologically changed human kidney tissue.

Histological Techniques↗