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Biomedical subjects

J C Meininger

Publications and source records attributed to J C Meininger.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
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Genetics or environment? Type A behavior and cardiovascular risk factors in twin children.

The heritability of Type A behavior and other cardiovascular risk factors was investigated in twin school-age children. The purpose was to differentiate those risk factors that have the potential to respond to environmental and life-style changes. The sample consisted of 71 monozygotic and 34 same-sex, dizygotic twin pairs 6 to 11 years old residing in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triceps skinfold thickness, body mass, and fasting blood specimens for lipid profiles were collected during home visits. Teachers rated the children's Type A behavior and two of its subcomponents, impatience-aggression and competitive achievement-striving, using the Matthews Youth Test for Health. Statistically significant heritability estimates were found for Type A behavior and its subcomponents, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and body mass. Nevertheless, there was substantial environmental influence on these risk factors. The greatest environmental influence was observed for HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein-B and diastolic blood pressure.

Anthropometry↗
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Type A behavior and physiological cardiovascular risk factors in school-age twin children.

The relationship of Type A behavior pattern (TABP) and its components to physiological cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors of blood pressure, obesity, and lipids and lipoproteins was examined in 112 pairs of twin children. Blood pressure, triceps skinfold thickness, and fasting venous specimens for lipid profiles were collected during a home visit. Teachers rated children's Type A-B behaviors using the Matthews Youth Test for Health (MYTH) (Matthews & Angulo, 1980). For statistical analyses, one member of each twin pair was assigned to Group I and the co-twin to Group II. In Groups I and II, significant, p less than or equal to .01, negative correlations between the impatience-aggression component of TABP and atherogenic lipids were observed before and after covariate adjustments. Children were classified as MYTH Type A or B on the basis of a median-split. Marginally significant differences (B greater than A) were found between the mean lipid levels of Type A and Type B children. No significant A-B differences in blood pressure or measures of obesity were observed in either group. Multivariate analysis of variance results suggested that lipid profiles in Group I differed significantly, p less than or equal to .02, by Type A-B classification. The results of this study suggest that TABP and its components are not positively associated with physiological risk factors for CVD; and the impatience-aggression component of TABP is associated with lower levels of atherogenic lipids.

Apolipoproteins B↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The designs and methods of published nursing research: 1956-1983.

This study describes the relative frequencies over time of designs and methods used in nursing research articles published in three refereed journals. All articles published in 1956, 1961, 1966, 1971, 1976, 1981, and 1983 were reviewed (N = 434); 83% were research articles. Methodological research comprised 11% and historical research 1% of the 362 research articles. The designs of the remaining 317 research reports were classified as experimental (27%) or observational (73%). Use of experimental designs peaked in the mid-1960s (41%) and appears to be on the decline (20% in 1983). Cross-sectional studies predominated throughout the period (49%). Methods, including types of subjects, sample selection, and data collection instruments, are described and analyzed for time trends. The findings are discussed in light of the designs and methods advocated in nursing texts and literature.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nongenetic influences of obesity on risk factors for cardiovascular disease during two phases of development.

Matched-pair analyses of twins were used to examine nongenetic influences of obesity on the lipid profile and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (cross-sectionally) during two phases of development--the school-age years (n = 73 twin pairs) and adolescence (n = 56 twin pairs)--and (longitudinally) in the transition between these two developmental phases. Data were collected during an early morning home visit. Results of the matched-pair t tests indicated significant environmental influences on obesity in both phases and in the transition (change in obesity) between these two phases. Intraindividual associations of obesity (kg/m3) and atherogenic lipids (total and LDL cholesterol) emerged during the school-age years. In adolescence, obesity was associated with HDL cholesterol and total triglyceride. Change in obesity (kg/m3) from the school-age years to adolescence was associated with total triglyceride. Results suggest an emphasis on obesity as part of CVD risk factor management in children and point to the importance of primary prevention early in life.

Adolescent↗