Biomedical subjects

J C Odita

Publications and source records attributed to J C Odita.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1986

Tibial and fibular angles in homozygous sickle cell disease.

Measurements of the tibial and fibular angles made on ankle radiographs of 34 patients with sickle cell disease were compared with those of 36 normal Nigerians. Widening of the fibular angle, which is an indication of tibiotalar slant, was demonstrated in about 79% of sickle cell disease patients. By using fibular angle measurements as an objective method of assessing subtle tibiotalar slant, it is concluded that the incidence of this deformity is much higher among sickle cell disease patients than previously reported. The mean values of tibial and fibular angles in normal Nigerians are higher than has been reported amongst Caucasians.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Sternal ossification in normal newborn infants.

The lateral chest radiographs of 200 Nigerian newborn infants, whose gestational age was estimated by the Dubowitz examination, were analysed for the pattern of ossification of sternal segments. The length of each visible centre was also measured. The manubrium was ossified in all infants over 35 weeks. All infants 37 weeks and above demonstrated ossification of the first and second mesosternal segments. Ten infants had ossification of the xiphisternum. The average number of ossified segments seen in this study is more than previously reported amongst Caucasian infants. The length of each segment correlated better with birth weight than gestational age. Our findings indicate that any infant with two ossified sternal segments, including the manubrium, is at least 30 weeks and those with 3 and 4 segments 34 and 37 weeks gestation, respectively. There is no difference in the pattern of sternal ossification between the sexes.

Birth Weight↗

PubMed1985

Symptomatic urinary tract infections in high-risk Nigerian newborn infants.

Thirty-nine high-risk newborn infants with proven urinary tract infections were studied and compared with 51 control infants. The remarkably low incidence of 0.82/1000 live births and the absence of radiological abnormalities of the urinary tract contrast with previous reports in the literature. Septicaemia and necrotizing enterocolitis were more frequently encountered in infants with urinary tract infection. Escherichia coli and klebsiella were the predominant pathogens isolated. The male preponderance to urinary tract infection is confirmed in this study. The overall mortality rate of 10.3% was closely associated with intercurrent problems.

Escherichia coli↗

PubMed1985

Cholelithiasis in sickle cell disease: a cholecystographic and ultrasonographic evaluation in Nigerians.

A prospective study designed to establish the incidence of gallstones among 48 Nigerian homozygous sickle cell disease patients was made using oral cholecystography and grey-scale ultrasonography. The age range was 2 to 35 years with a mean of 16 years. The youngest patient with gallstones was a 51/2-year-old boy. Gallstones were demonstrated on cholecystosonography in 12 of 48 patients (25%). The incidence of cholelithiasis was 7.7% in children 10 years or younger and 31.4% in patients above this age. There was no correlation between the incidence of cholelithiasis and serum bilirubin on one hand and positive history of abdominal pain on the other. Screening of patients over 15 years for gallstones is suggested with a view to performing elective cholecystectomy in patients who subsequently become symptomatic.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Intestinal obstruction of infancy and childhood in Benin City, Nigeria.

The pattern of intestinal obstruction observed on 168 Nigerian infants and children is presented. The commonest causes of intestinal obstruction were intussusception (21%), anorectal anomalies (20%) and Hirschsprung's disease (14%). Strangulated hernia and adhesions occurring in 3.5% and 1.7% of cases respectively were notably uncommon in this age group. The role of radiology in the management of some cases is highlighted.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1984

Mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema associated with childhood measles.

An analysis of the clinical records and chest radiographs of seventeen children with subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema (SCME) complicating childhood measles was made. The commonest sites of extra-alveolar air were the retrosternal space (16/17) and paraspinal (12/17). Other areas were within the inferior pulmonary ligament (7/17) and subpulmonary areas (6/17). All patients had pulmonary infiltrates. There was pneumothorax in 30% of cases. Eighty per cent of children showed subcutaneous emphysema in addition to mediastinal emphysema. There was a mortality of 12%. SCME completely resolved within 14 days in the remaining patients.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1984

Neonatal osteomyelitis in Nigerian infants.

Twenty-seven Nigerian infants with osteomyelitis during the first 28 days of life are presented to highlight the severity of the clinical manifestations and the radiological features of this infection. The clinical signs include limitation of movement of the extremities involved and localized swelling. Severe constitutional changes such as fever (greater than 39 degrees C) and abdominal distension were common. This contrasts with results from North America and Europe which emphasize the paucity of clinical signs despite involvement of multiple sites. Multiple site involvement was encountered in only eight cases. Staphylococcus aureus, proteus mirabilis and candida albicans were the main pathogens isolated. The long bones were more frequently affected. Aggressive bone destruction was a constant radiological finding peculiar to staphylococcal osteomyelitis while the formation of sequestrum, a rare occurrence in the newborn, was present in six patients. The mortality rate was 7.4% and the morbidity rate was equally low.

Arthritis, Infectious↗

PubMed1984

Gastro-oesophageal reflux in Nigerian newborn infants.

Fourteen cases (7 males and 7 females) of neonatal gastro-oesophageal reflux seen at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital in the period 1977-82 were analysed. They all presented with persistent vomiting from birth; 64% of the infants were small for gestational age (SGA). All infants had plain abdominal and chest radiographs and barium meal examination. Eleven neonates had a major gastro-oesophageal reflux but no case of hiatus hernia, oesophagitis or oesophageal stricture was found. Over 80% of patients responded to conservative treatment. There were two deaths. We recommend that SGA newborns presenting with persistent vomiting in the presence of a normal plain abdominal radiograph should be treated as a case of gastro-oesophageal reflux until proven otherwise.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1983

Humeral head and coracoid ossification in Nigerian newborn infants.

The presence of the coracoid and proximal humeral head epiphysis in 201 Nigerian newborn infants was related to gestational age. The appearance of the humeral head of ossification centre was delayed, while the coracoid epiphysis appeared earlier than those of Caucasian newborn infants. There was no difference in the pattern of epiphyseal ossification between the sexes.

Epiphyses↗

PubMed1983

The metacarpal index of normal Nigerian children.

The metacarpal index (MCI) of 500 normal Nigerian children whose ages range from birth to 16 years was determined. The MCI of Nigerian children is higher than that of their Caucasian counterpart, but similar to that of Jamaican children. The adult range of MCI is reached at the relatively low age of 9 years. The index is higher in females than males and the value for the left hand is higher than that for the right hand.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

Radiology of obstetric vesicovaginal fistula.

The excretory urograms of 70 Nigerian women presenting to the University of Benin Teaching Hospital with obstetric vesicovaginal fistula over a 7-year period are analyzed. The common abnormalities are medial deviation of distal ends of ureters (34%); discrete but smooth pseudoprostatic bladder base indentation (33%); and calyceal clubbing of varying degrees (19%). Other abnormalities observed include hydroureters (18%); bladder calculi (7%); bladder wall calcification (3%), and unilateral nonfunctioning kidneys (3%).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

Radiology of kerosene poisoning in young children.

Chest radiographs of 75 Nigerian children with kerosene poisoning were studied. The commonest pulmonary abnormality, found in 77% of cases, was basal infiltrates. There were more severe lung changes than in previous reports. A striking seasonal variation in kerosene poisoning was observed. Interestingly, air oesophagogram and gaseous distension of the stomach were demonstrated in 23 and 25% of patients, respectively. Probable factors in pathogenesis are discussed.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1983

Urographic changes in homozygous sickle cell disease.

A prospective urographic study of 40 Nigerian homozygous sickle cell patients is presented. The age range was 13-51 years with a mean of 20. The excretory urogram was normal in 30% of the patients. There is a very high incidence of renal papillary necrosis (40%). The other abnormalities observed are non-obstructive caliectasis (47.5%), poor excretion of contrast medium (40%) and renal enlargement. The incidence of urographic abnormality was neither age- or sex-related. There is also no relationship between abnormality and urinary symptoms.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

Hydronephrosis of infancy and childhood in Benin City, Nigeria.

The clinical and radiological features of 50 Nigerian children with hydronephrosis were studied. Posterior urethral valve obstruction was the causative lesion in 26 (52%) cases and 50% of these presented with neonatal ascites. Ureteropelvic junction obstruction was responsible for 5 (10%) cases of hydronephrosis and invariably presented with a palpable abdominal mass. The incidence of vesico-ureteral reflux during micturating cysto-urethrography in this series is lower than reported amongst Caucasian children.

Child↗

PubMed1982

The radiological aspects of chest complication in childhood measles.

Chest radiographs of 335 Nigerian children presenting with pulmonary and cardiac complications of measles were studied systematically. Perihilar (88%) and diffuse (69%) pulmonary infiltrates were the commonest findings. Other abnormalities included segmental consolidation (34%), emphysema (20%), cardiomegaly (12%) and atelectasis (10%). Pneumothorax and pleural effusion were seen in 24 (7%) and 14 (4%) children respectively. Eight children (2.5%) had subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema. In patients with atelectasis and segmental consolidation there was a striking preponderance of right sided lesions.

Cardiomegaly↗

PubMed1982

Estimation of gestational age of Nigerian newborn infants by measurement of thoracic spine length on chest radiographs.

Thoracic spine length was measured on chest radiographs of forty-nine Nigerian neonates of known gestational age. There is a strong correlation between gestational age and thoracic spine length (r = 0.93). The small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants had thoracic spine lengths below two standard deviations (s.d.) of the mean for the appropriate-for-gestational-age infants. This method is useful for identifying SGA infants on chest radiographs particularly when they are too ill to be subjected to the usual physical and neurological assessment of gestational age.

Gestational Age↗

PubMed1982

The radiological features of neonatal tetanus.

The chest and abdominal radiographs of 11 infants with neonatal tetanus were reviewed. There was no case of vertebral body fracture, although the intervertebral spaces were narrowed in 2 cases and different spinal curvatures were observed. Gasless abdomen and air esophagogram were seen in 4 and 5 patients, respectively. These are thought to be due to the effect of phenobarbitone and diazepam sedation. Almost all infants had pulmonary infiltrates which are presumed to be due to aspiration of abdominal contents.

Female↗

PubMed1982

Measurement of foetal femoral and tibial lengths as a means of radiologic estimation of gestational age at birth.

The lengths of the femur and tibia were measured in lower limb radiographs of 159 newborn infants whose gestational age were determined by both maternal history and a Dubowitz examination. There are strong linear relationships between lengths of tibia and femur with gestational age and birth weight. The correlation coefficients between femoral and tibial lengths and gestational age were respectively 0.97 and 0.94. There is no significant difference in length of the lower limb bones between the sexes.

Birth Weight↗