Biomedical subjects

J C Protois

Publications and source records attributed to J C Protois.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1999

Relative developmental toxicities of acrylates in rats following inhalation exposure.

The developmental toxicities of seven acrylates were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats after inhalation exposure for 6 h/day, during days 6 to 20 of gestation. The exposure concentrations were: for acrylic acid, 50, 100, 200, or 300 ppm; for methyl acrylate, 25, 50, or 100 ppm; for ethyl acrylate, 25, 50, 100, or 200 ppm; for butyl acrylate, 100, 200, or 300 ppm; for ethylhexyl acrylate, 50, 75, or 100 ppm; for hydroxyethyl acrylate, 1, 5, or 10 ppm; and for hydroxypropyl acrylate, 1, 5, or 10 ppm. No treatment-related increases in embryo/fetal mortality or fetal malformations were observed after exposure to any of these acrylates. Fetal toxicity, indicated by reduced fetal body weight, was observed after exposure to 300 ppm acrylic acid, 100 ppm methyl acrylate, 200 ppm ethyl acrylate, and 200 or 300 ppm butyl acrylate in the presence of overt signs of maternal toxicity. While there was evidence of maternal toxicity, no significant developmental toxic effects were observed after exposure to ethylhexyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, or hydroxypropyl acrylate at any concentration. These results indicate that inhaled acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, and hydroxypropyl acrylate are not selectively toxic to the embryo or fetus.

Acrylates↗

PubMed1997

Assessment of exposure to carcinogenic N-nitrosamines in the rubber industry.

Exposures to volatile nitrosamines were measured at 24 rubber manufacturing plants from 1992 to 1995. A total of 709 exposure measurements were taken in general areas or personal breathing zones to estimate exposure according to production types (seals, joints, tyres, gloves, etc.) and production steps, from mixing to storage. Five different nitrosamines were identified. N-Nitrosodimethylamine is the most frequently encountered nitrosamine and represents the most important fraction of the total nitrosamine concentration measured in a given sample. This fact is consistent with the use of rubber additives containing corresponding amine precursors. One hundred and forty-one of the 709 values exceeded the German target value (TRK) of 2.5 micrograms/m3 for all nitrosamines present from rubber vulcanisation, the only available standard for occupational nitrosamine exposures. The salt bath curing process generates particularly high nitrosamine levels, 90% of the 96 measurements being over the TRK, with many values exceeding 20 micrograms/m3. The reasons why the TRK is exceeded are generally well identified. To reduce nitrosamine emission levels it would be advisable to eliminate nitrogen oxide sources, principally by using a process other than salt bath curing, and to develop different rubber stocks that do not contain secondary aliphatic amine functional groups ("safe amines").

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Developmental toxicity of inhaled ethylene oxide in rats following short-duration exposure.

The developmental toxicity of ethylene oxide (EtO) was examined in Sprague-Dawley rats following inhalation exposure during Days 6 to 15 of gestation. Two different exposure regimens were used: (1) exposure for 0.5 hr once a day to 0, 400, 800, or 1200 ppm EtO; or (2) exposure for 0.5 hr three times a day to 0, 200, or 400 ppm EtO or 0, 800, or 1200 ppm EtO. Repeated brief exposures (3 x 0.5 hr/day) to EtO caused fetal toxicity indicated by reduced fetal weight at 800 and 1200 ppm, and overt maternal toxicity manifested as reduced body weight gain at 1200 ppm. Neither embryolethality nor teratogenicity occurred following any exposure regimen.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗

PubMed1996

[Glomerular nephropathies and exposure to organic solvents--a case-control study].

Several studies have suggested that exposure to organic solvents is associated with glomerular nephropathies (GN), but this relationship remains controversial. A case-control study of 298 biopsy-proven cases and 298 hospital controls, matched for year of birth, sex, origin, and place of residence, was conducted between 1989 and 1991 in five hospitals in the Paris area : 82 cases of membranous glomerulopathy were included ; 100, nephrotic syndrome with either minimal change nephropathy or focal and segmental hyalinosis (MCN/FSH); and 116, IgA nephropathy (IgA N). Subjects were interviewed about their lifelong occupational and non-occupational activities. Type, level, and duration of solvent exposure were assessed blind with respect to case-control status by two industrial hygienists. HLA phenotypes were determined. Among males, a clear association, which was not explained by social class, was observed between chronic renal failure and high exposure to solvents for both MCN/FSH (OR = 7.7, 95% CI 1.4-41.6) and IgA N (OR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.0-11.8). The odds ratios increased with duration of exposure. No relationship was observed between such exposure and GN cases with normal renal function. No evidence was found that the HLA phenotype plays a role in the solvent exposure-disease association. These results support the hypothesis of a causal relationship between high solvent exposure, which concerned 15% of the males in this study, and the development of GN with chronic renal failure.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Organic solvent exposure may increase the risk of glomerular nephropathies with chronic renal failure.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have suggested that exposure to organic solvents is associated with glomerular nephropathies (GN), but this relationship remains controversial. METHODS: A case-control study of 298 biopsy-proven cases and 298 hospital controls, matched for year of birth, sex, origin, and place of residence, was conducted between 1989 and 1991 in five hospitals in the Paris area: 82 cases of membranous glomerulopathy were included; 100, nephrotic syndrome with either minimal change nephropathy or focal and segmental hyalinosis (MCN/FSH); and 116, IgA nephropathy (IgA N). Subjects were interviewed about their lifelong occupational and non-occupational activities. A 'blind' assessment of type, level, and duration of solvent exposure was carried out by two industrial hygienists. Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) phenotypes were determined. RESULTS: Among males, a clear association, which was not explained by social class, was observed between chronic renal failure and high exposure to solvents for both MCN/FSH (OR = 7.7, 95% CI: 1.4-41.6) and IgA N (OR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.0-11.8). The odds ratios increased with duration of exposure. No relationship was observed between such exposure and GN cases with normal renal function. No evidence was found that the HLA phenotype plays a role in the association between solvent exposure and the disease. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the hypothesis of a causal relationship between high solvent exposure, which concerned 15% of the males in this study, and the development of GN with chronic renal failure.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Transient non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema following massive ingestion of ethylene glycol butyl ether.

A case of acute poisoning with ethylene glycol butyl ether (EGBE) is reported in a chronic alcohol abuser. On admission the 53-year-old patient was comatose with metabolic acidosis, shock, and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema confirmed by haemodynamic study. Following supportive treatment and haemodialysis the outcome was favorable. The relationship between respiratory failure and EGBE is examined.

Alcoholism↗

PubMed1991